Objective To study the association of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) with dyslipidemia and the risk of dyslipidemia at different BMI and WC level among adults in Suzhou Industrial Park District. Methods A total of 6219 participants were chosen by stratified random cluster sampling method. Four streets were selected form the district first, then one community as a cluster was selected randomly from each street. Questionnaire survey, physical examination and laboratory tests were done by all subjects. Results The prevalence of dyslipidemia was 35.9％;the rates of overweight, obesity and central obesity were 36.6％, 9.6％ and 49.5％ respectively. The prevalence of dyslipidemia in underweight group, normal weight group, overweight group and obesity group were 13.6％, 30.2％, 47.7％and 59.0％ for male, and 17.2％, 27.3％, 38.6％和 48.8％ for female respectively. The prevalence of dyslipidemia for male and female both rose with BMI (χ2=139.848, P<0.001; χ2=92.387, P<0.001). The prevalence of dyslipidemia in the high waist circumference group and normal group were 50.2％and 30.9％for male, and 40.8％and 23.8％for female respectively. Prevalence of groups with high waist circumference for male and female were significantly higher than normal groups (χ2=108.669, P<0.001; χ2=110.642, P<0.001). Pearson correlation analysis showed that total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride(TG), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were positively correlated with BMI ( r=0.153, P<0.001;r=0.227, P<0.001;r=0.192, P<0.001), and were also positively correlated with WC(r=0.138, P<0.001; r=0.234, P<0.001; r=0.159, P<0.001). High density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) was negatively correlated with BMI (r=-0.189, P<0.001) and WC (r=-0.185, P<0.001). Logistic regression analysis after age adjustment showed that, compared to the group with BMI<24 kg/m2 and WC<85 cm(male)/WC<85 cm (female), odds ratios (OR) for male in group with BMI<24 kg/m2 and WC≥85 cm, group with BMI≥24 kg/m2 and WC<85 cm and group with BMI≥24.0 kg/m2and WC≥85 cm were 1.602, 1.834 and 3.064 respectively, and ORs for female in group with BMI<24.0 kg/m2 and WC≥80 cm and group with BMI≥24.0 kg/m2 and WC≥80 cm were 1.703 and 2.381 respectively, however, the OR for female in group with BMI≥24.0 kg/m2 and WC<85 cm was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusions BMI, waist circumference and dyslipidemia were closely correlated. Waist circumference is more important than BMI for female.

AIM:To discover the effect of MCPH1 on the DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation in esoph-ageal cancer cells.METHODS:ECA109 cancer cells were radiated at dose of 8 Gy.The nuclear foci of relevant factors were detected 1 h after irradiation in the ECA109 cells after silence of MDC1 gene.A cell line was established that was sta-ble low expression of MCPH1.The nuclear foci induced by ionizing radiation after silence of MCPH1 were determined.RE-SULTS:The MCPH1 gene silenced ECA109 cell line was successfully constructed.A strong relationship between MDC1, MCPH1 andγ-H2AX was observed 1 h after 8 Gy irradiation.Silence of MDC1 did not affect the nuclear foci formation ofγ-H2AX and MCPH1.The nuclear foci of MDC1 but notγ-H2AX significantly reduced after silencing of MCPH1.CON-CLUSION:MCPH1 is located in the downstream of H2AX and upstream formation of MDC1, and regulates the nuclear fo-ci formation of MDC1 during DNA damage response.

Objective To apply the problem-based learning (PBL) based on the web in the rehabilitation therapy teaching. Methods The 64 students of rehabilitation therapy in grade 2009 and 2010 were taught with selected 3 chapters of physiology, using traditional teaching and PBL based on the web respectively. They were investigated through questionnaire after learning. Results Compared with he traditional teaching, PBL based on the web could improve the interesting of learning, self-study ability, and scope of knowledge. Conclusion PBL based on the web could improve the quality of physiology teaching for students of rehabilitation therapy.

Objective To investigate the role of rotational alignment reference landmarks of the proximal tibia in total knee arthroplasty.Methods Fifteen healthy adult volunteers were enrolled in this study,including 10 males and 5 females,aged from 21 to 38 years (average,28.1±6.0).CT scans of 26 knees were taken as the knees were placed in full extension.Two anteroposterior axes were drawn on the CT images:one line connected the middle of the posterior cruciate ligament insertion site and the medial edge of the patellar tendon,and another line connected the middle of the posterior cruciate ligament insertion site and the middle-medial 1/3 of the patellar tendon.The surgical epicondylar axis was also drawn on the CT images.Angles were measured between a line perpendicular to the surgical epicondylar axis and the two anteroposterior axes,and the angles were compared with the ideal tibial rotational alignment reference axis (0°).Results Angles between the line perpendicular to the surgical epicondylar axis and the line connecting the middle of the posterior cruciate ligament insertion site and the medial edge of the patellar tendon averaged 0.7°±2.8° (range,-5.1°-5.8°),there was no significant difference compared with 0°.Angles between the line perpendicular to the surgical epicondylar axis and the line connecting the middle of the posterior cruciate ligament insertion site and the middle-medial 1/3 of the patellar tendon averaged 6.9°±5.3° (range,-3.4°-14.1°),there was significant difference compared with 0°.Significant difference existed in angles between the two anteroposterior axes and the line perpendicular to the surgical epicondylar axis.Conclusion The line connecting the middle of the posterior cruciate ligament insertion site and the medial edge of the patellar tendon is a more reliable reference axis for the tibial component rotational alignment,which makes the femoral and tibial components in a more matching rotational position.

Objective:To analyze the drug sensitivity of human lung adenocarcinoma stem cells (LASC) to cisplatin (DDP) and carboplatin (CBP). Methods:Human lung adenocarcinomaic cells SPC-A1,AG,and CPA-Y2 were treated with DDP and CBP. The cell viability of cells was detected by CCK-8 assay. The phenotypic characteristics of drug surviving cells(DSCs)were determined by immunofluorescence staining. The LASC population was then separated by magnetic-activated cell sorting method. The LASC in DSCs was traced by using green fluorescence protein (GFP). The drug sensitivity of DSCs to DDP and CBP was analyzed.Results:The LASC exhibited the phenotypes of bronchioalveolar stem cells (BASC, OCT4~+CCSP~+SP-C~+). After mixture of CD221~+LASC with CD221~-lung adenocarcinoma differentiated cells, the DSC population showed OCT4~+BASC phenotypes. These DSCs were significantly resistant to DDP and CBP.Conclusion:LASC has a high resistance to DDP and CBP. This may be the reason for tumor recurrence after chemotherapy.

BACKGROUND: It has been explained in many big sample experiments that community comprehensive prevention from the risks of cardiocerebrovascular disease can reduce its morbidity and mortality. But, it is required more samples to verify the evaluations of the process and effect of intervention.OBJECTIVE: To understand the effect of community comprehensive prevention on cardiocerebrovascular disease and hygienic costs demanded and summarizes the suitable patterns of comprehensive prevention on cardiocerebrovascular disease in countryside.DESIGN: Healthy people in community were taken as the objects and community intervention was designed.SETTING: Department of Community Hygienic Service of People's Hospital in Guzheng Town, Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province and Neurological Institute of Guangzhou Medical College.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 32 000 inhabitants were collected from 8 villages in Guzheng Town, Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province from March 1992 to March 2002, aged varied from 20 to 74 years, of which, 14 600inhabitants were male and 17 400 inhabitants were female.METHODS: The intervention of community-based prevention was applied on cardiocerebrovascular disease, including managementof hypertension,smoking control, rational nutrient, nationwide body building and diabetic management.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: [1] Awareness, attitude and behavior related to cardiocerebrovascular disease. [2] Management rate and control rate of hypertension. [3] Morbidity and mortality of cerebral apoplexy.RESULTS: [1] By 10-year intervention, awareness rate of hypertension in whole group was 70.29%. [2] Management rate and control rate of hypertension were increased yearly, in which, the management rate was increased from 25.66% in 1997 to 80.50% in 2002, the total control rate was increased from 4.43% in 1997 to 45.80% in 2002, the control rate of blood pressure ＜160/95 mm HG (1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa) was 58.80%and that ＜140/90 mm Hg was 32.80%. [3] The systolic and diastolic pressures in intervention community were decreased averagely, in which the D-values are 7.23 mm Hg and 3.92 mm Hg respectively. [4] The awareness, attitude and behavior related to cardiocerebrovascular disease were enhanced remarkably. [5] Morbidity and mortality of cerebral apoplexy were in tendency of decreasing yearly, from 146.90/100 000 and 108.63/100 000 in 1997 to 105.83/100 000 and 69.90/100 000 in 2002 respectively, by 41.07/100 000 and 38.73/100 000 respectively in 6 years and the age of incidence was postponed. [6] It was indicated in economic analysis that the average ratio of profit to cost between 1997 and 2001 was 2.32.CONCLUSION: Community-based comprehensive prevention on cardiocerebrovascular disease improves the awareness, attitude and behavior in community group and reduces morbidity and mortality of cerebral apoplexy.

Objective To observe the protection effects of a new combined anti-G measure, which is composed of new bladder anti-G system, unassisted positive pressure breathing for G (PBG) and PHP maneuver. The problem of fatigue and pain when using this measure is also discussed. Method Each of the six fully qualified centrifuge subjects experienced 5 groups of centrifuge runs:1) relaxed +Gz tolerance without anti-G equipments and PHP maneuver;2) +Gz tolerance with FLH-x+KT-x;3) +Gz tolerance when performing PBG with FLH-x, KT-x, YM-x and TK-x;4) +6.5 Gz for 45 s using the same anti-G equipments as the 3rd group;5) +9.0 Gz for 15 s using the same anti-G equipments as the 3rd group and performing PHP maneuver. Result There were no incidents of G-induced loss of consciousness in this study. The protective effects of FLH-x+KT-x, PBG and PHP maneuver were 2.5 G, 1.67 G and 1.23 G respectively. All the subjects had accomplished the 6.5 G 45 s and 9.0 G 15 s runs with the new combined anti-G measure. The pain occured on neck, waist, arm and hands. Conclusion The new combined anti-G measure can provide enough anti-G protection for modern high performance aircraft. How to prevent the occurrence of neck injury and alleviate the pain induced by G when using this measure needs further investigation.

Objective:To investigate the neuroprotective effect of histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) specific inhibitor RGFP966 on traumatic brain injury (TBI) and its mechanism in rats.Methods:Forty-eight SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group, TBI group, TBI+vehicle group and TBI+RGFP966 group ( n=12). Rats in the later 3 groups accepted hydraulic impact brain injury to establish TBI models; and then, RGFP966 (dissolved in 1% DMSO at a dose of 10 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally 30 min after modeling, twice a day for 3 d, in TBI+RGFP966 group; same amount of DMSO was injected into TBI+vehicle group at the same time. Three d after modeling, neurological function was tested by modified neurological severity score (mNSS), water content of brain tissues was detected by dry-wet weight method, proportion of injured neurons at the frontal cortical tissues on the affected side was detected by Nissl staining, expressions of HDAC3 and pyroptosis related proteins were detected by immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting, and serum content of inflammatory factors was detected by ELISA. Results:Three d after modeling, compared with the TBI+vehicle group, the TBI+RGFP966 group had significantly decreased mNSS scores (9.83±0.75 vs. 6.67±0.82), water content of the injured cerebral cortex (82.73%±0.36% vs. 80.92%±0.66%), proportion of damaged neurons (75.60%±7.44% vs. 55.87%±4.10%), and HDAC3 protein expression (0.67±0.09 vs. 0.51±0.07), and significantly increased acetylated H3 (Ace-H3) and acetylated H4 (Ace-H4) protein expressions (0.81±0.02 vs. 1.22±0.02; 0.74±0.01 vs. 1.07±0.02), and statistically decreased protein expressions of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB, 1.20±0.05 vs. 0.94±0.04), NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3, 0.72±0.02 vs. 0.40±0.03), Caspase-1 containing cysteine (Caspase-1), dermatin D N-terminal fragment (GSDMD-N, 0.71±0.03 vs. 0.52±0.01), significantly decreased NF-κB and NLRP3 immunohistochemical staining scores, and significantly decreased serum contents of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin(IL)-1β and IL-18 ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Early intervention with RGFP966 after TBI can reduce the pyroptosis and inflammatory reaction of nerve cells and play neuroprotective role, whose mechanism may be related to inhibited activation of NF-κB/NLRP3/GSDMD pathway.

Background It has been found that fluoride may cause cardiomyocyte damage. c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) signaling pathway plays an important role in apoptosis, but its role in fluorosis-induced cardiomyocyte damage is still unknown yet. Objective To explore the toxic effect of sodium fluoride (NaF) on H9c2 cardiomyocytes of rats and whether NaF affects cardiomyocyte apoptosis through the JNK signaling pathway. Methods According to the concentrations of sodium fluoride and whether sp600125 (JNK inhibitor) was added, cardiomyocytes of rats were divided into six groups, including control group, SP600125 group (SP group), 0.24, 0.48, and 0.96 mmol·L⁻¹ NaF groups, and 0.96 mmol·L⁻¹ NaF+SP600125 group (NaF+SP group). Cardiomyocytes exposed to NaF for 24 h were observed using a fluorescence inverted microscope. The changes of cell viability at 24, 48, and 72 h after the treatment were detected by CCK-8 method. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at 24 h after the treatment in H9c2 cardiomyocytes were determined by fluorescent probe method. The expression levels of Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-3, and JNK mRNA at 24 h after the treatment were detected by real-time PCR. The protein expression levels of Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-3, and p-JNK at 24 h after the treatment were detected by Western blotting. Results Compared with the control group, after being exposed to 0.48 and 0.96 mmol·L⁻¹ NaF for 24 h, the cell growth density decreased. With the increase of NaF concentration, rounded cells and some suspended dead cells appeared. At 24h after exposure to NaF, the cell viability of the 0.48 and 0.96 mmol·L⁻¹ NaF groups decreased compared with the control group (P<0.05). At 48h and 72h after exposure to NaF, the cell viability levels of the NaF treated groups were significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). After NaF exposure for 24 h, compared with the control group, the intracellular ROS levels were increased (P<0.05); the mRNA expression levels of Bcl-2 were decreased to varying degrees, especially in the 0.48 and 0.96 mmol·L⁻¹ NaF groups (P<0.05); the mRNA expression levels of Bax, Caspase-3, and JNK were increased (P<0.05); the protein expression levels of Bcl-2 were reduced (P<0.05); the protein expression levels of Bax, Caspase-3, and p-JNK were elevated (P<0.05). Compared with the 0.96 mmol·L⁻¹ NaF group, the cell viability of the NaF+SP group was increased, the intracellular ROS level was decreased, the mRNA expression levels of Bax, Caspase-3, and JNK were decreased, the protein expression level of Bcl-2 was increased, and the protein expression levels of Bax, Caspase-3, and p-JNK were decreased (P<0.05); the expression level of Bcl-2 mRNA had a rising trend but showed no statistical significance (P>0.05). Conclusion Cardiomyocyte damage after excessive fluoride exposure may result from fluoride inducing excessive ROS production in cardiomyocytes, which may activate the JNK signaling pathway and induce cardiomyocyte apoptosis.

By-products released from pretreatment process of lignocellulose seriously hinder the development of cellulosic fuel ethanol. Therefore, the great way to increase the efficiency of cellulosic ethanol production is improvement of Saccharomyces cerevisiae tolerance to these inhibitors. In this work, the effects of LCB4 gene overexpression on cell growth and ethanol fermentation in S. cerevisiae S288C under acetic acid, furfural and vanillin stresses were studied. Compared to the control strain S288C-HO, the recombinant strain S288C-LCB4 grew better on YPD solid medium containing 10 g/L acetic acid, 1.5 g/L furfural and 1 g/L vanillin. Ethanol yields of recombinant strain S288C-LCB4 were 0.85 g/(L·h), 0.76 g/(L·h) and 1.12 g/(L·h) when 10 g/L acetic acid, 3 g/L furfural and 2 g/L vanillin were supplemented into the fermentation medium respectively, which increased by 34.9%, 85.4% and 330.8% than the control strain S288C-HO. Meanwhile, ethanol fermentation time was reduced by 30 h and 44 h under furfural and vanillin stresses respectively. Further metabolites analysis in fermentation broth showed that the recombinant strain produced more protective compounds, such as glycerol, trehalose and succinic acid, than the control strain, which could be the reason for enhancing strain tolerance to these inhibitors from pretreatment process of lignocellulose. The results indicated that overexpression of LCB4 gene could significantly improve ethanol fermentation in S. cerevisiae S288C under acetic acid, furfural and vanillin stresses.