The article introduced the concept and principles of universal design and discusses the strategies of research and development of universal design products based on the principles. The universal design benefits not only elder people and persons with disabilities, but also benefits other people without disabilities and the manufacturers of such products. The principles of universal design should be integrated in related policies and blueprints of future development in order to provide "reasonable accommodation" with universal design products to the widest possible range of people.

ObjectiveTo study the method of testing abrasion resistance of axillary crutch tips. MethodsA test method based on pressure analysis in normal use of axillary crutches was suggested, which characterized: put 450 N on axis of the tip; the tip or text surface sway 60° for 500000 times in frequency of 40 /min; maximal abrasion thickness after test should be less than 3.3 mm. Experimental facilities were established to carry out fatigue test of wearability. ResultsThe test method suggested can reflect tips abrasion in real context. ConclusionThe text method can be used for tips abrasion and fatigue resistance adjustment.

The author presented an overview to the development of standardization of assistive devices for persons with disability in China and an analysis to the characteristics and existing problems in the field of standard of assistive devices. Thus the countermeasures on development of standardization of assistive devices in China were suggested.

Objective To explore the effects of tamoxifen on the proliferation of SHG-44 glioma cells and the currents of sodium channel. Methods The cell activity was detected by MTT. The alteration of cellular proliferation and apoptosis were dectected by flow cytometer. Whole-cell patch clamp technique was used to record the Na currents.Results After treatment with tamoxifen,the cells began aging and shedding and cell counting decreased.The cells in G2/M cell cycle were more than that in control and the apoptosis ration increased. Tamoxifen significantly decreased the amplitude of Na currents of SHG-44 cell line.This blocking effect was dose-dependent and voltage-dependent.When the holding potential was 0 mV, 8 ?mol/L tamoxifen could block this currents by 69%.The half inhibition concentration(IC50) was 5.54 ?mol/L. Conclusion Tamoxifen can inhibit SHG-44 glioma cells proliferation.The inhibion of sodium channel may be one of its mechanisms.

Objective:To study influence study of near and long term survival rate on different resection regions for patients with gastric cancer in M region.Methods:110 patients with M region gastric cancer received treatment in our hospital were divided into observation group(with total gastrectomy) 57 cases and control group (with subtotal gastrectomy) 53 cases,compared with clinical pathology data and radical degree,two groups of patients' operation index,and local recurrence rate and near and long term survival rate in the two groups.Results:Two groups of patients were compared with clinical pathology data and radical degree,the difference was not statistically significant (P＞0.05).The observation group's nearly cutting edge outside distance and lymph nodes were significantly higher than the control group,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference between the two groups(P＞0.05).The recurrence rate(3.51％) and recurrence rate (15.79％) of the observation group were significantly less than the control group of 16.98％ and 33.96％,and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).The 1 and 3 year survival rates of the observation group were compared with the control group,the difference was not statistically significant (P＞0.05).But the 5 year survival rate of the observation group was 57.89％,which was significantly higher than that in the control group of 35.85％,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusions There is no significant difference in the survival rate of total gastrectomy in patients with gastric cancer in M region and total gastrectomy,but the long-term survival rate is higher,it is worthy of clinical attention.

Objective To explore the efficacy of case analysis and problem discussion in teaching the course of introduction to clinical medicine for law majors and to discuss their influence on cultivating students' ability and quality.Methods Totally 58 students were randomly divided into three groups:trial group A(n =20),trial group B (n =16) and control group (n =22).Trial group A was further randomly divided into six groups.Teaching contents included iron deficiency anemia and acute leukemia.Trial group A and trial group B adpoted case analysis and problem discussion while control group practiced traditional classroom teaching.Results of theoretical test were processed through one-way analysis of variance and the least significant difference,using SPSS 11.5 software.Self-evaluation of teaching effects on students'specialized learning,logic thinking and knowledge of diseases were analyzed by Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test.Influences of different teaching methods on self learning ability,summarizing ability,team cooperation consciousness and lateral thinking were evaluated after lecture.Results Exam results showed no difference between trial group A and control group (P =0.564),the students in trial group A had a significant higher score than those in trial group B (P =0.004).100％ and 75.0％ students in trial group A considered the course of introduction to clinical medicine helpful concerning knowledge of diseases and students' specialized learning,higher than those of 77.3％ and 40.9％ in control group,with statistical differences(P =0.049,P =0.026).Positive evaluation rates of self learning ability,summarizing ability,team cooperation consciousness and lateral thinking were 100％,70.0％,80.0％,60.0％ in trial group A ;75.0％,68.8％,62.5％,81.3％ in trial group B;22.7％,36.4％,4.5％,27.3％ in control group.Except for summarizing ability,students in trial group A and B were significantly better than those in control group(P＜0.05).Conclusions The teaching method of case analysis and problem discussion meets the needs of versatile legal personnel training and it can stimulate students' study interest as well as improve their professional quality and ability.

Objective To explore the application of adopting the solid phase adsorption method to extract serum hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA in the real-time fluorescence quantification PCR( RT-qPCR) by the improvement of solid phase adsorption method . Methods Firstly ,the surface of silica nano-particles was modified with Si-OH for increasing their adsorption ability with HCV RNA .Then the concentration of guanidinium thiocyanate (GuSCN) in the viral lysate was optimized .Thirdly ,the HCV RNA of standard serum samples was extracted using the modified solid-phase adsorption method and then performed in the RT-qPCR .Its standard curve was drawn and the linear equation was calculated .At the same time ,the lowest detection limit of RT-qPCR for de-tecting HCVRNA in serum sample was measured and the detection repeatability was verified .Results The adsorption ability of sil-ica nano-particles for HCV RNA in serum samples was remarkably improved after surface modification with Si-OH .The optimal GuSCN concentration in viral lysates was 4 .23 mol/L .Using the modified method to extract HCV RNA in serum samples was ap-plied in RT-qPCR ,the standard curve and the linear equation were obtained ,the linear correlation coefficient(R2) reached to 0 .999 and the detected linear range was (2 .52 -5 .52) IU/mL or 102 .52 -105 .52 pathogen number/mL .The detection limit of HCV RNA in serum samples was (2 .52 ± 0 .50)IU/mL with good detection repeatability .Conclusion The modified solid-phase adsorp-tion method can greatly decrease the lowest detection limit of RT-qPCR and increase the positive detection rate of HCV .This meth-od is simple to operate ,has low cost and can be widely applied in the HCV detection and the nucleic acid detection of other viruses in clinic .

Objective To explore the anomalous effects of India buead and coix seed powder on phlegm-dampness constitution dyslipidemia through population-based intervention studies. Methods According to the experimental results of the model group with dyslipidemia, the phlegm-dampness population meeting the inclusion criteria were chosen as the samples for the randomized controlled trial, who were divided into test meal (21 males and 39 females) and blank control (23 males and 37 females) groups with 60 cases in each, aged 18 to 65 y and the total of 120 cases completed the study. Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS 18.0 statistical software. The self comparison wass conducted by the method of paired-sample t test and the comparison between groups was conducted by using independent sample t test. The categorical statistics were described as frequency and compared throughc2 test, P<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Without changing the original way of life, the meal group having taken the India buead and coix seed powder was compared independently and with the control group for TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C to detect the trends and degrees of the level changes. Meanwhile, according to efficacy tests and standards, the changes in the level of TC, TG and HDL-C have been evaluated and the efficiency and total effective rates of all the variables have been calculated. Results After the intervention, there was a declining tendency in each variable, 8.9%in TC, 21.4%in TG, and 27.2%in LDL-C, except for an increase of 0.13 mmol/L in HDL. There were significant differences in the variables before and after the intervention (P<0.05 in each). As for the test meal group after the intervention, the effectiveness of TC has been obtained in 25 cases and inefficacy in 35 cases, with efficiency of 41.7%;the effectiveness of TG has been shown in 53 cases and inefficacy in 7 cases, with efficiency of 88.3%;the effectiveness of HDL-C has been gained in26 cases and inefficacy in 34 cases, with efficiency of 43.3%; and the total effective rate was 57.8%. Conclusions There are significant changes and improvements in TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C in the test meal group after the intervention with the powder, which demonstrate that the powder is effective in the reduction of TG for animals with dyslipidemia and populations with phlegm-dampness constitution.

OBJECTIVE:To prepare oxymatrine pellets and study the pellets' properties.METHODS:Oxymatrine pellets were prepared using an experimental low-temperature extrusion-spheronization granulator.L9(34)orthogonal design was used to obtain optimal formulation.The micromeritic properties and in vitro dissolution of the pellets at different dosage were determined.RESULTS:Oxymatrine pellets prepared by extrusion-spheronization were round and smooth and well-distributed.The optimal technical conditions were as follows:water∶MCC=0.90∶1;spheronization velocity=35 Hz;spheroniza-tion time=5 min;extrusion velocity=40 Hz.The in vitro dissolution was more than 75% within 30 minutes.CONCLUSION:The process of preparing pellets by extrusion-spheronization was simple and feasible and the quality of pellets was excellent.

Objective To explore the method and feasibility of preparing MTX+VCR-loaded erythrocytes using healthy adult erythrocytes. Methods We used the modified hypotonic pre-swelling and isotonic resealing technique to prepare MTX+VCR-loaded erythrocytes. The loading parameters and releasing rate were evaluated with high penformance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) and auto-cytoanalysis. We observed the osmotic fragility of MTX+VCR-loaded erythrocytes conventionally. The change in innate immune activity of co-encapsulated erythrocytes was measured by counting the rosette rate of MTX+VCR-loaded erythrocytes adhering to S180. Results The concentration of MTX showed significant influence on the co-encapsulation efficiency (P0.05). Conclusions The preparation and biological characteristics of MTX+VCR-loaded erythrocytes were not different from those of mono-loaded erythrocytes, and erythrocytes were practically capable to be used as carriers for co-encapsulation of MTX and VCR.