Objective To explore the method and feasibility of preparing MTX+VCR-loaded erythrocytes using healthy adult erythrocytes. Methods We used the modified hypotonic pre-swelling and isotonic resealing technique to prepare MTX+VCR-loaded erythrocytes. The loading parameters and releasing rate were evaluated with high penformance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) and auto-cytoanalysis. We observed the osmotic fragility of MTX+VCR-loaded erythrocytes conventionally. The change in innate immune activity of co-encapsulated erythrocytes was measured by counting the rosette rate of MTX+VCR-loaded erythrocytes adhering to S180. Results The concentration of MTX showed significant influence on the co-encapsulation efficiency (P0.05). Conclusions The preparation and biological characteristics of MTX+VCR-loaded erythrocytes were not different from those of mono-loaded erythrocytes, and erythrocytes were practically capable to be used as carriers for co-encapsulation of MTX and VCR.

Objective To investigate healthcare-associated infection(HAI)prevalence and antimicrobial use in a hospital.Methods HAI prevalence rate,antimicrobial use and pathogen detection in all inpatients on August 21 , 2013 were investigated with cross-sectional survey method.Results A total of 2 238 inpatients were investigated, 104 patients developed 126 times of HAI,HAI prevalence rate and case rate was 4.65% and 5.63% respectively;the top four sites for HAI were lower respiratory tract (28.57%),upper respiratory tract(18.25%),urinary tract (7.94%)and gastrointestinal tract(4.76%).Rate of specimens delivered for detection was 91 .35%(95/104),the main specimen was sputum (26.32%),followed by blood (25.26%)and urine (10.53%).Antimicrobial usage rate was 24.58%,therapeutic,prophylactic plus therapeutic,and prophylactic use accounted for 36.55%,45.09%, and 18.36% respectively;the usage rate of single,combination of 2,and 3 antimicrobial agents accounted for 75.82%,20.91 % and 3.27% respectively.Risk factors of HAI were age (<15 or >60 years),all kinds of inva-sive procedures (tracheotomy,mechanical ventilation,urinary catheterization,arteriovenous intubation,hemodialy-sis),and anti-tumor chemotherapy.Conclusion Survey on HIA prevalence helps to know the occurrence of HAI and usage of antimicrobial agents,as well as risk factors and high-risk departments of the occurrence of HAI,it also provides basis for subsequent targeted monitor on HAI.

Objective To detect bacterial content on surface of mobile phones of health care workers (HCWs)by adenosine triphosphate (ATP )bioluminescence assay.Methods HCWs in departments of internal medicine,surgery, medical laboratory,and administration were randomly selected,50 in each department,field detection on bacterial content on surface of mobile phones of HCWs was conducted,the relevant data were recorded.Results A total of 200 mobile phones were detected,33 mobile phone surface were qualified,the qualified rate was 16.50%.Qualified rate of mobile phone surface of HCWs in different departments as well as mobile phone disinfected by different modes were different(χ2 =13.46,10.24,respectively,both P <0.01);difference in qualified rate of mobile phones of different types,different service life,and different protective case were all not significant (χ2 =4.37,1 .87,0.25 respectively,all P >0.05).Conclusion The qualified rate of bacterial content on surface of HCWs’mobile phone is low,the awareness of hand hygiene of HCWs should be strengthened,regular cleaning and disinfection on the mo-bile phone can effectively reduce bacteria on the mobile phone surface.

Objective To explore the optimal method and condition for controlling release of vincristine (VCR) from VCR-loaded erythrocytes and enhancing the stability of carrier erythrocytes. Methods Erythrocytes were loaded into human erythrocytes using the modified hypotonic pre-swelling and isotonic resealing technique, and then with VCR, and they were treated with glutaraldehyde in concentration of 0.16% and 0.25% respectively. After storing at 4℃ for indicated time, the amount of VCR was determined with HPLC to compare their drug-release rate, and the degree of hemolysis in the supernatants was observed to compare the fragility of VCR-loaded erythrocytes treated with 0.16% glutaraldehyde with that with 0.25%, VCR-loaded erythrocytes treated with PBS, and VCR-loaded erythrocytes exposed to different hypotonic sodium chloride in different concentrations. Results The VCR-accumulated release rate increased in glutaraldehyde-treated VCR-loaded erythrocytes as well as untreated group during preservation. The VCR-accumulated release rate of 0.25% glutaraldehyde-treated group decreased by 71.67?4.20%, which was significantly slower than untreated VCR-loaded erythrocytes and 0.16% glutaraldehyde-treated group. After storing at 4℃ for 21 days, no significant changes at erythrocyte morphology was found in VCR-loaded erythrocytes treated with 0.25% glutaraldehyde, whereas untreated VCR-loaded erythrocytes and those treated with 0.16% glutaraldehyde can be stored only for 5d and 7.5d respectively. As compared to un-treated VCR-loaded erythrocytes, no significant change of osmotic fragility was seen in 0.25% glutaraldehyde-treated group, but significant increase in osmotic fragility was seen in 0.16% glutaraldehyde-treated group. Conclusion 0.25% glutaraldehyde could optimally block the membrane of VCR-loaded human erythrocytes and enhance their stability.

Objective: To investigate the effect of enteral nutrition on proliferation of colon mucusa in long fasting patients. Methods: Ten patients fasted over two weeks were selected.All patients had no any histories of chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunosuppressive therapy.They received enteral nutrition for tow weeks. Before and two weeks after enteral nutrition,specimens were obtained between sigmoid and descending colon by colonofibroscope.All specimens of colon mucosa were determined by FCM for proliferation index (PI),S phase factor (SPF)and aptosis(Apto). Results: PI,SPF and Apto were ( 4.010 ?1.290)%,(1.904?2.679)% and (1.913?2.021)% in patients fasted over two weeks respectively, and (7.337?2.679)%,(5.367?3.211)% and (1.208?1.488)% after enteral nutrition for two weeks. Conclusions: Enteral nutrition could improve the proliferation of colon mucosa in long fasting patients.

Objective To investigate the role of CD35 on erythrocytes played in antigen activating immunological reaction of lymphocytes. Methods Suspensions of lymphocytes(1?10~6/ml)and erythrocytes (1?10~8/ml) were respectively separated from anticoaguted whole blood of healthy adults with the lymphocyte separation medium. Using inactivated ascites carcinoma cell S180(1?10~6/ml) as activation antigen and autologous plasma as reactive medium, the role of erythrocytes in regulating the anti-neoplasm immunological reaction of lymphocytes was appraised. The expression of CD25 on lymphocytes was detected and compared using flow cytometry assay with CD35 on erythrocytes blocked by monoclonal antibody or complements in plasma were destroyed by EDTA. Results The expression of CD25 on lymphocytes (18.22?4.27%) was significantly decreased when CD35 on erythrocytes was blocked (P

Objective To study the changes in the expressions of CXCR4 of leucocytes as modulated by erythrocytes from cord blood. Methods 0.2ml suspension of whole blood cells (or 0.2ml suspension of leucocytes) was added to 0.3ml of auto plasma, and 0.2ml suspension of S180 (5?10~6/ml) was added as stimuli. The suspension was incubated at 37 ℃ for 1 hour. Normal saline instead of S180 was used as control The expression changes in CD35 on erythrocytes and CXCR4 on leucocytes were determined with flow cytometry assay. The data could be grouped under four heads: (1) cancer cells 0.2ml were added to whole blood cells 0.2ml and plasma 0.3ml; (2) NS 0.2ml were added to whole blood cells 0.2ml and plasma 0.3ml; (3) cancer cells 0.2ml were added to white blood cells 0.2ml and plasma 0.3ml; (4) NS 0.2ml were added to white blood cells and plasma 0.3ml. Results When activated by S180, the expression of CD35 on cord erythrocytes was decline not so low as that of adult′; while the expression of CXCR4 on cord leucocytes was increased not so high as that of adults′. When activated by S180, the expression of CD35 on adult erythrocytes was significantly decreased than that of group of not activating (40.21%?11.52% and 28.65%?8.08% respectively), while the expression of CXCR4 on adult erythrocytes was significantly increased (40.62%?17.89% and 64.18%?11.69% respectively, P

Objective To study the effect of Vincristine-loaded intact human erythrocytes on tumor cell in vitro. Methods VCR was loaded in intact human erythrocytes using a modified hypotonic preswelling technique. The proliferation of K562 cells after incubation with VCR-loaded erythrocytes was detected by MTT. Cellular cycle and apoptosis of K562 cells were analyzed through FACS staining with PI/Rhodamin123, and morphology of apoptotic K562 cells and their nucleus were observed through staining with Hoechest33258. Results VCR-loaded erythrocytes could efficiently inhibit the proliferation of co-cultured K562 cells and induce the cells′ apoptosis in a dosage-dependent manner. Cellular cycle analysis demonstrated that proportion of K562 cells in G 0/G 1 decreased whereas in S+G 2/M increased after incubation with VCR-loaded erythrocytes. Such effects could also be displayed from alone VCR group, and significant change was observed in K562 cells co-cultured with unloaded erythrocytes (P

Objective To study the effect of lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) on the activity of primary cultured macrophages and the distribution of divalent metal transporter 1 ( DMT1 ) and ferroportin 1 ( FPN1 ) .Methods Primary cell culture , MTT chromotest , cytochemistry chromotest and cell immunofluorescence techniques were used in this work . Results DMT1 was mainly distributed in the cytoplasm , which illuminates that DMT1 mediates the macrophage intracellular transit of iron from phagolysosome to cytoplasm .FPN1 was distributed in the cytoplasm and membrane , and the cytoplasm was the main site of FPN 1 distribution in macrophages .Conclusion Iron liberation from heme inside the phagolysosome occurs after erythrophagocytosis and it is possible that FPN 1 mediates intracellular transit of iron released by heme catabolism .The study found that LPS promoted the cell growth and this effect was reached to the peak in the 10 -5μg/L LPS group, but the cell growth was blocked with the increase of LPS concentration .

Objective To explore skeletal‐related events (SREs) clinical factors and analysis prognosis factors on patients with non‐small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) with bone metastases .Methods We collected clinical data of pathology confirmed 383 patients with non‐small cell lung cancer between April 2007 and January 2007 in the third affiliated hospital of the third military medical uni‐versity .It was used to screening for Emission Computed Tomography (ECT ) for bone metastases .And then it was need to con‐firmed for CT ,MRI or PET‐CT or pathology .Statistics in patients between clinical features and the SREs prediction factor with Univariate and Multivariate .And Kaplan‐Meier method analysis of survival in the non‐small cell lung cancer patients with bone me‐tastases .Results Out of 383 patients with bone metastases ,178 patients with SREs .The incidence was 46 .5% .Univariate analysis showed that women ,adenocarcinoma ,never smoking history ,single bone metastases ,bisphosphonate therapy ,targeted therapy in patients with bone metastases are less likely to have SREs ,it was considered statistically significant (P<0 .05) .Multivariate analy‐sis showed multiple bone metastases and no bisphosphonate therapy is independent risk factors for SREs .Median survival time was 14 .5 months in non‐small cell lung cancer patients with bone metastases ,1 year survival rate was 46 .5% ,2 years survival rate was 15 .9% .The survival analysis shows that more bisphosphonate treatment and bisphosphonate with EGFR‐TKI therapy on the prog‐nosis of patients with statistically significance (P<0 .05) .Conclusion It was likely to occur SREs in NSCLC patients with bone metastases .No bisphosphonate and multiple bone metastases are independent risk factors for SREs .Bisphosphonate treatment may prevent or reduce occur SREs for NSCLC patients with bone metastases ,and it may prolong survival ,it speculated that bisphospho‐nate may have resistant NSCLC cell activity .