Objective To investigate the protective effects of ATP-sensitive potassium channel (K (ATP)) opener (Pinacidil) on cultured cortical neurons in newborn rats after anoxic/hypoglycemic damage. Methods Neurons were exposed to anoxic/hypoglycemic condition for 4 h,8 h,16 h, after being cultured for 10 days. All cultured neurons were divided into 4 groups: normal control group, model control group, Pinacidil (Pin) group and Pin plus Glibenclamide (Gli) group. The cell mortality, quantity of LDH and the percentage of neuron apoptosis in each group were determined. Results Pinacidil (10~(-6)mol/L ) reduced the percentage of cell death(4 h:21.42?3.68 vs 14.83?2.94; 8 h:36.58?6.14 vs 19.25?3.33; 16 h:49.17?8.3 vs 28.64?6.4, P

AIM:To discover the effect of MCPH1 on the DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation in esoph-ageal cancer cells.METHODS:ECA109 cancer cells were radiated at dose of 8 Gy.The nuclear foci of relevant factors were detected 1 h after irradiation in the ECA109 cells after silence of MDC1 gene.A cell line was established that was sta-ble low expression of MCPH1.The nuclear foci induced by ionizing radiation after silence of MCPH1 were determined.RE-SULTS:The MCPH1 gene silenced ECA109 cell line was successfully constructed.A strong relationship between MDC1, MCPH1 andγ-H2AX was observed 1 h after 8 Gy irradiation.Silence of MDC1 did not affect the nuclear foci formation ofγ-H2AX and MCPH1.The nuclear foci of MDC1 but notγ-H2AX significantly reduced after silencing of MCPH1.CON-CLUSION:MCPH1 is located in the downstream of H2AX and upstream formation of MDC1, and regulates the nuclear fo-ci formation of MDC1 during DNA damage response.

Objective To prepare proanthocyanidins/bletilla striata polysaccharide/chitosan microspheres ( PC/BSP/CTS ) and the physic-chemical characterizations were investigated.Methods The PC/BSP/CTS microspheres were prepared by spray drying method.The morphology of PC/BSP/CTS microspheres was observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM), and its physic-chemical characteristics such as diameters, release in vitro, moisture content, swelling ratio, solid density were studied.ResuIts The PC/BSP/CTS microspheres were successfully prepared by spray drying method, SEM showed that PC/BSP/CTS microspheres had the spherical shape with smooth surfaces.The diameters of microsphere A, B and C were 10~20, 2~15, 10~25μm.The in-vitro release showed that the cumulative release of three kinds of microspheres A, B, C was 25.07 %, 38.83 %and 60.00 % in 24 h, which had no burst release, while with time prolonged to 48 h, the cumulative release was 28.89%, 43.17% and 72.86%, respectively.The results of moisture content, swelling ratio, solid density were 15.35% ~23.51%, 46.50% ~105.80%, 0.375 ~0.496. ConcIusion The PC/BSP/CTS microspheres are successfully prepared by spray drying method which possess good characteristics and sustained-release effect, which would be as a good pulmonary drug delivery system.

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To investigate the inhibitory effect of Am80 on neointima hyperplasia in carotid arteries after balloon injury and to observe the interaction between Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) and retinoic acid receptorα(RARα). METHODS:Neointima hyperplasia in carotid arteries was observed by hemotoxylin and eosin staining.The expression of KLF4 and cyclin D1 was examined by immunostaining and Western blotting analysis.To detect the interaction between KLF4 and RARαin the vascular tissue, the injured arteries were harvested, and the protein extracts were prepared and subjected to co-immunoprecipitation assay.RESULTS:Compared with injured group, Am80 significantly reduced neointi-mal hyperplasia and the thickness ratio of intima to media.Am80 not only up-regulated KLF4 or RARαexpression in caro-tid arteries, but also increased the interaction between KLF4 and RARαat tissue levels.CONCLUSION:Am80 inhibits neointima hyperplasia in carotid arteries after balloon injury by promoting the interaction between KLF4 and RARα.

Objective To discuss the nursing effect and application value of refinement process of nursing management mode in hospital infection control in the operating room.Methods 620 patients who will carry out surgi-cal treatment were selected as the research subjects.310 cases without detailed process of nursing management were included in the control group,and 310 patients with refinement process of nursing management were selected as obser-vation group.The clinical nursing effects of two groups were recorded.Results Observation group surface 88.94%, medical staff hand 92.54%,disinfectant 95.65%,100.00% sterile items.The control surface 81.38%,80.00% of medical personnel hand,disinfectant 75.93%,90.00% sterile items,the monitoring qualified rate between two groups had statistically significant differences (χ2 =5.021,4.596,7.581,6.725,all P <0.05).The sores of nursing safety, operating room management,form filling,ward nursing in the observation group were (95.37 ±4.66 )points, (94.27 ±5.21 )points,(96.13 ±3.29)points,(95.03 ±4.87)points.Those in control group were (90.12 ± 2.03)points,(89.13 ±2.26)points,(90.03 ±1.88)points,(88.17 ±2.25)points,the differences between two groups were statistically significant (t =18.185,15.935,28.343,22.514,all P <0.05).The scores of nurses and patients communication,nursing procedures,ward environment,care attitude in the observation group were (24.19 ± 0.87)points,(24.03 ±0.64)points,(24.51 ±0.45)points,(24.28 ±0.36)points.Those in the control group were (21.54 ±1.65 )points,(20.88 ±1.72)points,(20.95 ±1.66)points,(21.09 ±0.89)points,the differences between two groups were statistically significant (t =25.013,30.220,36.443,58.502,all P <0.05).Conclusion Refinement process of nursing management mode application helps to control nosocomial infection in operating room of hospital infection control,improve the quality of clinical nursing services,improve the clinical nursing satisfaction, which is worthy of popularization and application in clinic.

Objective To analyze the genetic characteristics of breakthrough varicella-zoster virus infection during the varicella outbreaks in Minhang District of Shanghai in 2013-2014. Methods Samples of the varicella-zoster liquid were collected from patients with chickenpox in Minhang District in 2013-2014 and used for the extraction of genomic DNA. The open reading frame ( ORF) of 22 and 62 regions were se-quenced and further analyzed by using bioinformatics methods. Results A total of 24 samples were success-fully collected and sequenced, and all of them were wild strains. Among the 24 varicella-zoster virus strains, 23 strains were highly homologous to the parental strain ( P-Oka) and the vaccine strain ( V-Oka) , indica-ting that they belonged to J genotype. Only one strain, whose genotype was between M and E, was highly ho-mologous to the mosaic( M) CA123 strain ( M1 genotype) , indicating that it might belong to M1 genotype. Conclusion The epidemic strains of varicella-zoster virus in Minhang District were mainly J genotype. Lo-cal epidemic of M and other genotypes of varicella-zoster virus also existed. There were some gene variations in different strains of J genotype. These varicella-zoster virus strains of non-vaccine genotypes might be one of the reasons causing the breakthrough cases of chicken pox.

Objective To evaluate the epidemiological efficacy of 23-valent pneumococcal poly-saccharide vaccine on the clinical symptoms and the incidence of respiratory tract infections in the elderly over 60 years old in Minhang District, Shanghai. Methods A prospective cohort study was conduct, in which the sample size was 1 200 for both inoculated and uninoculated groups. This study followed the two groups of subjects every quarter for a year. Clinical symptoms and the incidence of respiratory tract infectious diseases as well as the acute onset of chronic respiratory diseases were compared between the subjects of the two groups. Results Compared with the uninoculated group, less people in the inoculated group developed the clinical symptoms of respiratory tract infection (RR=0. 894, 95% CI: 0. 804-0. 994). Immunization with the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine protected 57. 7% of the senior citizens (≥75 years old) from respiratory tract infections(95% CI:0. 207-0. 775). Conclusion The 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine can effectively reduce the incidence of respiratory tract infections in the elderly aged 60 years old and over and protects the elderly aged 75 years old and over from respiratory tract infections. Further studies on the immunological efficacy of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine should be carried out by measuring the antibody titers before and after vaccination.

BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that a single injection of smal-dose simvastatin can significantly improve bone microstructure and promote trabecular bone remodeling of the femoral condyle after osteoporosis. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of local single injection of simvastatin on the prognosis of mild-to-moderate unstable humeral fractures. METHODS:A total of 93 patients with mild-to-moderate unstable humeral fracture were selected and randomized into injection group (49 cases) and normal group (44 cases). The normal group received normal physical therapy, and the injection group underwent local single injection of simvastatin based on the physical therapy. Bone mineral density and healing time were compared between two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There was no difference in the bone mineral density between the two groups within 2 weeks after treatment (P>0.05), but the bone mineral density was significantly higher in the injection group than the normal group at 1-2 months after treatment (P<0.05). In addition, the injection group was superior to the normal group in the fol owing aspects:incidence of complications, excel ent-good rate of joint function recovery, and hospital stay. These findings indicate that the local injection of simvastatin based on conventional physical therapy can shorten the time of fracture healing, increase bone mineral density and improve the prognosis of patients with mild-to-moderate unstable proximal humeral fractures.

BACKGROUND:Open fracture of tibia and fibula is a common fracture of long bones. Simple external fixation is often difficult to achieve thorough and effective reduction and fixation. Shortcomings of open reduction and internal fixation highlighted in the high incidence of postoperative complications, and seriously affected the recovery of joint function. Therefore, external fixation combined with internal fixation for repair of open fractures of tibia and fibula has been extensively used in the clinic.
OBJECTIVE:To explore the repair efficacy of bilateral external fixation combined with limited internal fixation on open fractures of middle and distal tibia and fibula.
METHODS: Clinical data of 56 patients, who were identified by X-ray or CT examination and were diagnosed as having open fractures of middle and distal tibia and fibula in the Jining No.1 People’s Hospital, as the treatment group, were retrospectively analyzed from January 2009 to January 2013. Patients were subjected to thorough debridement, reduction of the fracture fragments, limited internal fixation and fixed bilateral external fixation within 8 hours. They received stage I suture. When the local conditions of the wound permitted, they received stage II grafting, and were repaired with adjacent muscle flap or free flap. The efficacy and postoperative complication were observed. Above data were compared with those of 44 patients with open fractures of middle and distal tibia and fibula who received reduction and internal fixation (control group).
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Among the 56 patients in the treatment group, the outcomes were excelent in 35 cases, good in 16 cases, average in 4 cases and poor in 1 case. The excelent and good rate was 91%. Among the 44 patients in the control group, the outcomes were excelent in 23 cases, good in 10 cases, average in 7 cases and poor in 4 cases. The excelent and good rate was 75%. The excelent and good rate was significantly higher in the treatment group than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Significant differences in incision length, operation time, fracture healing time and bone nonunion rate were detected between the two groups, and above indexes were better in the treatment group than in the control group (P < 0.05). These findings verify that bilateral external fixation combined with limited internal fixation for open fractures of middle and distal tibia and fibula is reliable, can significantly reduce postoperative complications after internal fixation, promote the healing of fracture, and is conducive to the early recovery training of the affected limb.

Objective To measure the titers of varicella live attenuated vaccines ( VarV) during the process of transportation and storage in different seasons and communities of Minhang Distract, Shang-hai, to evaluate the operation of cold chain system and the thermal stability of vaccines and to provide refer-ences for the management, introduction, research and development of vaccine in future.Methods Four communities with high outbreak rates of varicella during 2012 to 2013 and four communities with low out-break rates were randomly selected from 13 communities in Minhang District, Shanghai.The titers of VarVs were detected by using the quantitative plaque assay before and after 30 days of storage in November 2013 and February, May, August 2014.Results The overall rate of qualified VarVs was 90.63% with a geo-metric mean titer (GMT) of 3.67 (LgPFU/0.5 ml).96.88%of the VarVs produced by company C met the quality standard with a GMT of 3.89 ( LgPFU/0.5 ml) followed by those produced by company B with a rate of 91.67%and a GMT of 3.75 ( LgPFU/0.5 ml) .The rate of qualified VarVs produced by company A was the lowest, which was 80.00%, with GMT of 3.29 (LgPFU/0.5 ml).There were significant differences in the rates of qualified VarV among the three companies (χ2=8.288, P=0.016).The rate of qualified vac-cines in communities close to the Shanghai Minhang Center for Disease Control and Prevention ( Minhang CDC) was 91.67%, while 100%of the vaccine samples collected form the communities at a middling dis-tance from or far from the Minhang CDC met the quality standard.No significant difference in the rate of qualified vaccine was found among the three types of communities (χ2=3.441, P=0.179).The quarterly rates of qualified vaccines produced by B and C companies were 100%except for the third quarter.The rates of qualified vaccines produced by A, B and C companies in the third quarter were respectively 70.00%, 66.67%and 87.50%.No statistical differences in the quarterly rates of qualified vaccines were found among the three companies (χ2=1.25, P=0.7412;χ2=6.545, P=0.088; χ2=6.194, P=0.103).No statistical differences in the rates of qualified vaccines before and after 30 days of storage were found among the three companies (χ2=0.625, P=0.347;χ2=0.000, P=1.000;χ2=2.065, P=0.492).Conclusion A well-managed and-operated cold chain system was implemented in Minhang District in the storage and transport of vaccines as well as other related links.The thermal stability of vaccines produced by company C was better than those of the other two companies.A surveillance for the titers of vaccines produced by com-pany A should be strengthened.