Objective To explore the protective effect of hydrogen-rich saline on liver ischemiareperfusion (IR) in mice and the possible mechanisms. Methods Twenty-four C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham-operated group, control group (mice were injected with 5 ml/kg saline by tail vein just before ischemia induction) and hydrogen-rich saline group (mice were injected with 5 ml/kg hydrogen-rich saline). Six hour after reperfusion, the mice were sacrificed and the serum and liver samples undergoing IR injury were collected. The ALT and AST levels in serum were determined and liver histiological damage was also evaluated with Suziki's criteria. Malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in liver samples were measured using specific kits. The infiltration of F4/80 positive macrophage cells was detected by using immunohistochemistry and that of neutrophils with myeloperoxidase (MPO) kits. The mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-6, ICAM-1 and IP-10 was assayed by using real-time reverse transcription PCR. The activation of transcription factor NF-κB was measured by using Western botting analysis. Results As compared with control group, at the 6th h following reperfusion, mice in hydrogen-rich saline group exhibited lower levels of ALT and AST (P＜0. 05) in serum, milder histological damage (P＜0. 01) and less MDA contents in liver samples (P＜0. 01). The infiltration of macrophages, neutrophils and the mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-6,ICAM-1 and IP-10 in the liver tissue in hydrogen-rich saline group were reduced as compared with IR group (P＜0. 05 or P＜0. 01). The activation of NF-κB in hydrogen-rich saline group was significantly down-regulated as compared with control group. Conclusion Injection of hydrogen-rich saline via the tail vein can alleviate liver IR injury probably by inhibiting oxidant stress and inflammatory response induced by reperfusion.

BACKGROUND: Icari n as one of the main components of Epimedium has an inhibitory effect on osteoclasts.. OBJECTIVE: To further investigate the influence of icariin on the root absorption of the maxil ary first molar at mesial part during orthodontic treatment in rats. METHODS: Orthodontic root resorption models were established in the left maxil a of rats. Local injection of 200 mg/kg icari n (icari n group) or normal saline (positive control group) was administrated into the left first molar buccal periosteum. The right maxil a of rats served as negative control group that was treated with neither appliance nor drug injection. The mesial distance between bilateral first molars and the contralateral maxil ary incisor was measured before and after the appliance was placed. Mesial surface of the mesial root of bilateral maxil ary first molars was observed using scanning electron microscope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Mesial movement of the maxil ary molars in the icari n group was significantly less than that in the positive control group (P < 0.05). Under the scanning electron microscope, smal absorption lacunae were scattered in the icari n group, while the positive control group showed a large amount of absorption lacunae and they were interconnected into a sheet, showing a stark contrast with the smooth root surface of the negative control group. It is indicated that icari n can inhibit root resorption caused by orthodontic treatment, while reducing the amount of mesial movement of the molar under corrective force.

The prognosis in patients with cerebral hemorrhage is poor. Studies have shown that cerebral microbleeds are closely related with intracerebral hemorrhage. Cerebral microbleeds may be a precursor to the occurrence or recurrence of intracerebral hemorrhage. This article reviews the relationship between cerebral microbleeds and intracerebral hemorrhage from the aspects of epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical observation, and complications of cerebral hemorrhage.

Objective To evaluate multichannel functional electrical stimulation (FES) on motor and balance function of lower limbs in adolescent with cerebral palsy. Methods From January, 2014 to June, 2015, 20 adolescents with cerebral palsy were randomly divided into FES group (n=10) and control group (n=10). Both groups received routine exercise therapy. FES group received active and passive FES treadmill based on normal walking pattern. The Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) was used to evaluate the motor function of lower limbs;the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) was used to assess the balance function, and the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) was used to test the gross motor function. Results The scores of FMA, BBS and GMFM significantly improved 30 days after treatment (F>223.749, P<0.001), and the scores were higher in the FES group than in the control group (t>2.706, P<0.05). Conclusion FES treatment can improve the motor and the balance function of lower limbs in adolescents with cerebral palsy.

Objective To explore the association of NH2-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide ( NT-proBNP) with the risk of type 2 diabetes.Methods One hundred and twenty-six impaired glucose regulation( IGR) participants from Diabetic Identification Center of Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital were included.NT-proBNP was measured in plasma samples collected from participants at baseline condition.Results At baseline, NT-proBNP was inversely associated with body mass index, waist circumference, fasting glucose, insulin and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol( LDL-C) levels.During a follow-up of 2 years, 51 participants reported a new diagnosis of diabetes from OGTT.Baseline quartiles of NT-proBNP were inversely associated with diabetes risk, even after multivariable adjustment.Theadjustedrelativerisksfordiabeteswere1.0(reference),0.83(95%CI0.74-0.96),0.78(95%CI 0.68-0.90), 0.74 (95%CI 0.64-0.87) for the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quartiles of baseline NT-proBNP, respectively ( P<0.01 ) .Conclus ion In IGRpopulation , lowlevels of NT-proBNP were associated with a significantly increased risk of type 2 diabetes.

OBJECTIVETo study the gene polymorphism of the Auberger antigens in Lutheran blood group system in Chinese population and establish a stable, accurate molecular method detecting Auberger antigens.

METHODSPeripheral blood samples from 162 randomly collected and unrelated volunteer blood donors were directly sequenced for the exon 12 at the gene locus of Auberger antigens. PCR products with novel nucleotide were further investigated by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis.

RESULTSAuberger genotypes in the 162 Chinese individuals were obtained: Au(a+ b- )(nt1615A) was found in 119 individuals, Au(a+ b+ ) (nt1615A/G) in 40 individuals and Au(a- b+ ) (nt1615G) in 3 individuals. The allele frequencies of the Au(a) and Au(b) were 0.8580 and 0.1420, respectively. An individual with homozygous Au(a) genotype had a nucleotide mutation (1595 G to T). The mutation was confirmed by digesting the DNA with Hha I.

CONCLUSIONThe distribution of gene polymorphism of Auberger antigens in a Chinese population was investigated and obtained. And a molecular method determining the Auberger antigen was established. A novel Lutheran allele was deposited in GenBank (accession number EU260043).

Amino Acid Sequence ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Lutheran Blood-Group System ; chemistry ; genetics ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polymorphism, Genetic

Objective:To investigate the correlation between urinary 8-oxo-7, 8-dihydroguanosine(8-oxo-Gsn)and physical function in community-dwelling elderly people.Methods:A total of 210 community-dwelling elderly people aged 75 years and over were enrolled in this cross-sectional analysis.According to the scores of short physical performance battery(SPPB), subjects were divided into three groups: the high performance group(summary score 10-12), the intermediate performance group(summary score 7-9)and the low performance group(summary score 0-6). All participants received a comprehensive geriatric assessment.Urinary 8-oxo-dGsn, serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP)and white blood cell count were measured.The correlation between urinary 8-oxo-Gsn and physical function was analyzed by using Pearson correlation analysis and the ordered Logistic regression model.Results:The scores of activities of daily living(ADL), instrumental activities of daily living(IADL), grip strength and gait speed were lower in the low performance group than in the other two groups( H=47.002, 110.902, F=11.962, 235.952, all P<0.001). Levels of urinary 8-oxo-Gsn and serum hs-CRP were higher in the low performance group than in the other two groups( F=23.780 and 13.259, both P<0.001). There was no significant difference in levels of urinary 8-oxo-dGsn or white blood cell count between the three groups(both P>0.05). Urinary 8-oxo-Gsn was negatively correlated with gait speed, grip strength and SPPB score( r=-0.559, -0.302 and-0.450, all P<0.001)and was positively correlated with the time of five-times-sit-to-stand test( r=0.290, P<0.001). Adjusting for age, gender and Charlson comorbidity index, the ordered Logistic regression analysis showed that elevated levels of urinary 8-oxo-Gsn( OR=1.38, 95% CI: 1.06-1.77, P<0.05)and hs-CRP( OR=1.23, 95% CI: 1.04-1.48, P<0.05)decreased physical function. Conclusions:Urinary 8-oxo-Gsn is independently associated with the decline of physical function in community-dwelling elderly adults, suggesting that the oxidative stress level is increased in the elderly with poor physical function.

Genistein and its monoglucoside derivatives play important roles in food and pharmaceuticals fields, whereas their applications are limited by the low water solubility. Glycosylation is regarded as one of the effective approaches to improve water solubility. In this paper, the glycosylation of sophoricoside (genistein monoglucoside) was investigated using a cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase from Penibacillus macerans (PmCGTase). Saturation mutagenesis of D182 from PmCGTase was carried out. Compared with the wild-type (WT), the variant D182C showed a 13.42% higher conversion ratio. Moreover, the main products sophoricoside monoglucoside, sophoricoside diglucoside, and sophoricoside triglucoside of the variant D182C increased by 39.35%, 56.05% and 64.81% compared with that of the WT, respectively. Enzymatic characterization showed that the enzyme activities (cyclization, hydrolysis, disproportionation) of the variant D182C were higher than that of the WT, and the optimal pH and temperature of the variant D182C were 6 and 40℃, respectively. Kinetics analysis showed the variant D182C has a lower K_m value and a higher k_cat/K_m value than that of the WT, indicating the variant D182C has enhanced affinity to substrate. Structure modeling and docking analysis demonstrated that the improved glycosylation efficiency of the variant D182C may be attributed to the increased interactions between residues and substrate.
Cyclodextrins ; Genistein ; Glucosyltransferases/metabolism* ; Glycosylation ; Kinetics

Objective:To investigate the value of transanal multipoint full-layer puncture biopsy (TMFP) in predicting pathological complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy (nCRT) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) and to establish a predictive model for providing clinical guidance regarding the treatment of LARC.Methods:In this multicenter, prospective, cohort study, we collected data on 110 LARC patients from four hospitals between April 2020 and March 2023: Beijing Chaoyang Hospital of Capital Medical University (50 patients), Beijing Friendship Hospital of Capital Medical University (41 patients), Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (16 patients), and Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University (three patients). The patients had all received TMFP after completing standard nCRT. The variables studied included (1) clinicopathological characteristics; (2) clinical complete remission (cCR) and efficacy of TMFP in determining pCR after NCRT in LARC patients; and (3) hospital attended, sex, age, clinical T- and N-stages, distance between the lower margin of the tumor and the anal verge, baseline and post-radiotherapy serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen (CA)19-9 concentrations, chemotherapy regimen, use of immunosuppressants with or without radiotherapy, radiation therapy dosage, interval between surgery and radiotherapy, surgical procedure, clinical T/N stage after radiotherapy, cCR, pathological results of TMFP, puncture method (endoscopic or percutaneous), and number and timing of punctures. Single-factor and multifactorial logistic regression analysis were used to determine the factors affecting pCR after NCRT in LARC patients. A prediction model was constructed based on the results of multivariat analysis and the performance of this model evaluated by analyzing subject work characteristics (ROC), calibration, and clinical decision-making (DCA) curves. pCR was defined as complete absence of tumor cells on microscopic examination of the surgical specimens of rectal cancer (including lymph node dissection) after NCRT, that is, ypT0+N0. cCR was defined according to the Chinese Neoadjuvant Rectal Cancer Waiting Watch Database Study Collaborative Group criteria after treatment, which specify an absence of ulceration and nodules on endoscopy; negative rectal palpation; no tumor signals on rectal MRI T2 and DWI sequences; normal serum CEA concentrations, and no evidence of recurrence on pelvic computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging.Results:Of the 110 patients, 45 (40.9%) achieved pCR after nCRT, which was combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors in 34 (30.9%). cCR was diagnosed before puncture in 38 (34.5%) patients, 43 (39.1%) of the punctures being endoscopic. There were no complications of puncture such as enterocutaneous fistulae, vaginal injury, prostatic injury, or presacral bleeding . Only one (2.3%) patient had a small amount of blood in the stools, which was relieved by anal pressure. cCR had a sensitivity of 57.8% (26/45) for determining pCR, specificity of 81.5% (53/65), accuracy of 71.8% (79/110), positive predictive value 68.4% (26/38), and negative predictive value of 73.6% (53/72). In contrast, the sensitivity of TMFP pathology in determining pCR was 100% (45/45), specificity 66.2% (43/65), accuracy 80.0% (88/110), positive predictive value 67.2% (45/67), and negative predictive value 100.0% (43/43). In this study, the sensitivity of TMFP for pCR (100.0% vs. 57.8%, χ 2=24.09, P<0.001) was significantly higher than that for cCR. However, the accuracy of pCR did not differ significantly (80.0% vs. 71.8%, χ 2=2.01, P=0.156). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that a ≥4 cm distance between the lower edge of the tumor and the anal verge (OR=7.84, 95%CI: 1.48-41.45, P=0.015), non-cCR (OR=4.81, 95%CI: 1.39-16.69, P=0.013), and pathological diagnosis by TMFP (OR=114.29, the 95%CI: 11.07-1180.28, P<0.001) were risk factors for pCR after NCRT in LARC patients. Additionally, endoscopic puncture (OR=0.02, 95%CI: 0.05-0.77, P=0.020) was a protective factor for pCR after NCRT in LARC patients. The area under the ROC curve of the established prediction model was 0.934 (95%CI: 0.892-0.977), suggesting that the model has good discrimination. The calibration curve was relatively close to the ideal 45° reference line, indicating that the predicted values of the model were in good agreement with the actual values. A decision-making curve showed that the model had a good net clinical benefit. Conclusion:Our predictive model, which incorporates TMFP, has considerable accuracy in predicting pCR after nCRT in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. This may provide a basis for more precisely selecting individualized therapy.

Objective:To investigate the value of transanal multipoint full-layer puncture biopsy (TMFP) in predicting pathological complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy (nCRT) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) and to establish a predictive model for providing clinical guidance regarding the treatment of LARC.Methods:In this multicenter, prospective, cohort study, we collected data on 110 LARC patients from four hospitals between April 2020 and March 2023: Beijing Chaoyang Hospital of Capital Medical University (50 patients), Beijing Friendship Hospital of Capital Medical University (41 patients), Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (16 patients), and Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University (three patients). The patients had all received TMFP after completing standard nCRT. The variables studied included (1) clinicopathological characteristics; (2) clinical complete remission (cCR) and efficacy of TMFP in determining pCR after NCRT in LARC patients; and (3) hospital attended, sex, age, clinical T- and N-stages, distance between the lower margin of the tumor and the anal verge, baseline and post-radiotherapy serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen (CA)19-9 concentrations, chemotherapy regimen, use of immunosuppressants with or without radiotherapy, radiation therapy dosage, interval between surgery and radiotherapy, surgical procedure, clinical T/N stage after radiotherapy, cCR, pathological results of TMFP, puncture method (endoscopic or percutaneous), and number and timing of punctures. Single-factor and multifactorial logistic regression analysis were used to determine the factors affecting pCR after NCRT in LARC patients. A prediction model was constructed based on the results of multivariat analysis and the performance of this model evaluated by analyzing subject work characteristics (ROC), calibration, and clinical decision-making (DCA) curves. pCR was defined as complete absence of tumor cells on microscopic examination of the surgical specimens of rectal cancer (including lymph node dissection) after NCRT, that is, ypT0+N0. cCR was defined according to the Chinese Neoadjuvant Rectal Cancer Waiting Watch Database Study Collaborative Group criteria after treatment, which specify an absence of ulceration and nodules on endoscopy; negative rectal palpation; no tumor signals on rectal MRI T2 and DWI sequences; normal serum CEA concentrations, and no evidence of recurrence on pelvic computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging.Results:Of the 110 patients, 45 (40.9%) achieved pCR after nCRT, which was combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors in 34 (30.9%). cCR was diagnosed before puncture in 38 (34.5%) patients, 43 (39.1%) of the punctures being endoscopic. There were no complications of puncture such as enterocutaneous fistulae, vaginal injury, prostatic injury, or presacral bleeding . Only one (2.3%) patient had a small amount of blood in the stools, which was relieved by anal pressure. cCR had a sensitivity of 57.8% (26/45) for determining pCR, specificity of 81.5% (53/65), accuracy of 71.8% (79/110), positive predictive value 68.4% (26/38), and negative predictive value of 73.6% (53/72). In contrast, the sensitivity of TMFP pathology in determining pCR was 100% (45/45), specificity 66.2% (43/65), accuracy 80.0% (88/110), positive predictive value 67.2% (45/67), and negative predictive value 100.0% (43/43). In this study, the sensitivity of TMFP for pCR (100.0% vs. 57.8%, χ 2=24.09, P<0.001) was significantly higher than that for cCR. However, the accuracy of pCR did not differ significantly (80.0% vs. 71.8%, χ 2=2.01, P=0.156). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that a ≥4 cm distance between the lower edge of the tumor and the anal verge (OR=7.84, 95%CI: 1.48-41.45, P=0.015), non-cCR (OR=4.81, 95%CI: 1.39-16.69, P=0.013), and pathological diagnosis by TMFP (OR=114.29, the 95%CI: 11.07-1180.28, P<0.001) were risk factors for pCR after NCRT in LARC patients. Additionally, endoscopic puncture (OR=0.02, 95%CI: 0.05-0.77, P=0.020) was a protective factor for pCR after NCRT in LARC patients. The area under the ROC curve of the established prediction model was 0.934 (95%CI: 0.892-0.977), suggesting that the model has good discrimination. The calibration curve was relatively close to the ideal 45° reference line, indicating that the predicted values of the model were in good agreement with the actual values. A decision-making curve showed that the model had a good net clinical benefit. Conclusion:Our predictive model, which incorporates TMFP, has considerable accuracy in predicting pCR after nCRT in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. This may provide a basis for more precisely selecting individualized therapy.