The prognosis in patients with cerebral hemorrhage is poor. Studies have shown that cerebral microbleeds are closely related with intracerebral hemorrhage. Cerebral microbleeds may be a precursor to the occurrence or recurrence of intracerebral hemorrhage. This article reviews the relationship between cerebral microbleeds and intracerebral hemorrhage from the aspects of epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical observation, and complications of cerebral hemorrhage.

Objective: To investigate the anti asthmatic effects and its mechanism of Yumian Anti asthma Formula (DYA) on asthmatic guinea pigs. Methods: Observe the change of the latent period of asthma inducing of normal guinea pigs and that of them after DYA preventing. Determine the plasma cAMP and cGMP contents. Results: The latent period of asthma inducing was obviously prolonged in guinea pigs prevented by DYA when compared with that of normal guinea pigs and guinea pigs before given DYA ( P

Objective: To obtain phage-displayed ScFv library directly against prostate carcinoma cells, and select antibodies binding to prostate carcinoma cells specifically, so as to lay a foundation for developing diagnostic agents and clinical therapies of prostate carcinoma. Methods: Balb/c mice were immunized i. p . with purified membrane protein mixture of prostate carcinoma cells PC3, DU145. mRNA was isolated from the spleens of immunized mice, heavy and light chain genes ( VH and VL) of antibody were amplified separately by RT-PCR and assembled into ScFv gene with a specially constructed linker DNA. , the ScFv gene was ligated into the phagemid vector pCANTAB 5E and the ligated sample was transformed into competent E. coli TG1. The transformed cells were infected with M13K07 helper phage to yield recombinant phage. After five rounds of panning with PC3 cells, the positive clones were selected with the ELISA from the enriched phages. Results: A ScFv library of 3. 5 ? 106 was obtained and one phage-ScFv which can bind specifically PC3 cells was found. Conclusions: A prostate carcinoma specific antibody was identified , which paves a way for study of prostate carcinoma.

Objective:To obtain phage-displayed ScFv library targeting tumor tissues and to screen for antibodies specifically binding to tumor vessels using in vivo phage display,so as to lay a foundation for diagnosis and treatment of cancer.Methods:The membrane proteins were extracted from the specimens of esophageal carcinoma,stomach carcinoma,brain cancer,lung cancer,and spinal cord tumor.The recombinant phage-antibody system was used to construct a single-chain Fv fragment(ScFv)cDNA library from the total RNA of the BALB/c mice immunized with purified membrane protein.The specific primers of VH and VL were used to amplify the cDNA of VH and VL,respectively,which were then assembled into ScFv gene with a specially constructed linker DNA.The ScFv gene was ligated into the phagemid vector pCANTAB 5E and the ligated samples were transformed into competent E.coli TG1.The transformed cells were infected with M13KO7 helper phage to yield recombinant phage.Using the animal model of human cervical carcinoma(HeLa cells),sepecific phage-ScFvs were selected by phage displaying and panning in vivo.After four rounds,24 phage-ScFvs,which were identified by PCR,were analyzed immunohistochemically.The ScFvs expressed in the tumor tissue slices and negative in control kidney tissue slices were sequenced.Results:Tomors-bearing animal models were established with 7 different kinds of carcinoma cell lines in BALB/c nude mice.It was found that inoculation with HeLa cells resulted in most satisfactory tumorigenesis in nude mice.A ScFv library of 1.6?106 was obtained and a tumor vessel specific phage-ScFv named ScFvH1(VH-linker-VL)was selected from the library.Conclusion:A tumor targeting ScFv library has been successfully constructed and a tumor vessel-specifrc antibody has been identified from the library,which provides a new way for the early diagnosis and therapy of cancer.

Objective: To investigate the targeting and anti-tumor ability of the tumor vessel-specific antibody ScFvH1 selected from phage-ScFv library, and to discuss the application of the antibody in clinical diagnosis and therapy of cancer. Methods: The ScFvH1 gene was inserted into pET-28a(+)/EGFP vector containing green fluorescent protein(GFP) gene and pTIG-Trx vector containing thioredoxin gene; the products were then expressed in E.coli and purified by using Ni-NTA. Tumor-bearing mice model was established by subcutanuous injection of cervical cancer cell line HeLa. The mice were injected with purified ScFv-EGFP fusion protein through vena caudalis and the GFP signals were observed by fluorescent microscope to evaluate the targeting ability of the antibody. Meanwhile, the mice model also received intratumoral injection of purified ScFv-EGFP fusion protein to evaluate the anti-tumor effect of the antibody. Results: Soluble ScFvH1 gene and ScFvH1-EGFP protein were successfully expressed in E.coli; a single band was showed in SDS-PAGE after the purification by Ni-NTA. We found that ScFvH1-EGFP fusion protein was enriched to tumor tissues, but there was only weak fluorescent signal when EGFP protein was injected. No EGFP signal was observed in the lung of tumor-bearing mice. Tumor inhibition experiment showed that the tumor growth in the antibody treatment group was similar to that of the PBS control group. Conclusion: The tumor vessel-specific antibody ScFvH1 selected from phage-ScFv library can specifically target tumor vessels, but it has no obvious inhibitory effect on tumor growth. Our findings pave a way for antibody in cancer diagnosis and treatment.

Objective:To explore the effect of Gubi Decoction on serum related inflammatory factors and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in osteoarthritis model rats. Methods:Seventy SPF rats were randomly divided into the blank group, sham operation group, Glucosamine sulfate group, and the low, medium and high dose Gubi Decoction groups. Except the blank group and sham operation group, knee osteoarthritis animal models were prepared by the modified Hulth method in each group. On the 28th day after successful model preparation, the high, medium and low dose Gubi Decoction groups were given Gubi Decoction 24, 12 and 6 g/kg by gavage respectively; glucosamine sulfate group was given glucosamine sulfate tablet suspension 3 g/L by gavage, once a day for 28 days. The levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in serum were detected by ELISA. The gene expressions of PI3K, Akt and mTOR in cartilage tissue were detected by Real-PCR. The protein expressions of PI3K, Akt, p-PI3K, p-Akt and mTOR were detected by Western blot. Results:Compared with the model group, the knee joint diameter[(11.17 ± 1.81) mm, (11.60 ± 1.38) mm, (10.80 ± 1.17) mm vs. (12.57 ± 0.98) mm] of the rats in the glucosamine sulfate group and the medium and high dose Gubi Decoction groups significantly decreased ( P<0.05). The content of TNF-α [(111.43 ± 21.98) ng/L, (53.42 ± 13.25) ng/L vs. (157.89 ± 23.60) ng/L], IL-1β [(67.50 ± 18.44) ng/L, (48.22 ± 9.63) ng/L vs. (96.11 ± 14.85) ng/L] in the medium and high dose Gubi Decoction groups significantly decreased ( P<0.05), and the expression of PI3K (1.87 ± 0.17, 1.24 ± 0.49 vs. 2.19 ± 0.47), Akt (1.50 ± 0.51, 1.10 ± 0.32 vs. 2.68 ± 0.63), and mTOR (1.32 ± 0.54, 1.10 ± 0.33 vs. 2.94 ± 0.55) mRNA in the medium and high dose Gubi Decoction groups significantly decreased ( P<0.05). The expression of PI3K, Akt, p-PI3K, p-Akt in the low, medium and high dose Gubi Decoction groups significantly decreased ( P<0.05), and the expression of mTOR in the medium dose Gubi Decoction group significantly decreased ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Gubi Decoction can significantly reduce the level of inflammatory factors in the serum of osteoarthritis model rats, and its anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects may be related to PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.

Due to the complex components of polysorbate 80, analysis is time-consuming and labor-intensive, so there is an urgent need to find a method for rapid analysis of polysorbate 80 components.In this study, 10 batches of samples collected from 3 domestic and foreign enterprises were analyzed by UHPLC-HRMS, with the being further results were analyzed by the ExcipientProfiler software and supplemented by the extended database.The results showed that the ExcipientProfiler software could quickly identify the [M+Na]+ peak in the mass spectrogram, and obtain the information of component distribution, the numbers of components and the degree of polymerization of the sample.Meanwhile, the numbers of components obtained by the ExcipientProfiler software could be used to distinguish the injection grade samples from the ordinary grade samples by systematic clustering analysis.In addition, it was found through further supplement that the sample contained other fatty acid ester components by manually searching the relevant extended database.The polyoxyethylene sorbitan tetraoleate components were found in the sample according to the analysis of mass spectrum data.Therefore, although this method is fast and simple, it is necessary to add polyoxyethylene sorbitan tetraoleate components and other fatty acid ester components to further supplement the information in the ExcipientProfiler software, so that it can be better used for the analysis of polysorbate 80.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of a noval anterior cubital approach for the coronoid via flexor?prona?tor teres interval and assess the clinical result. Methods Five formalin?fixed adult cadaver elbows were used. Through a single universal anteromedial longitudinal skin incision, the coronoid tip was exposed via pronator and flexor carpiradialis interval, and coronoid anteromedial facet and base via palm longus and flexor carpi ulnaris interval. The distances from the entry point to the muscles or branching point of the nerves to the line passing through medial and lateral epicondyles, as well as the length were mea?sured with regard to the motor nerve branches arising from median nerve to pronator teres, flexor carpiradialis, palm longus and flexor digiti superficialis, as well as the most proximal two motor branches to flexor carpi ulnaris arising from ulnar nerve. From September 2013 to August 2014, 4 male patients with ulnar coronoid fracture were treated operatively through the above anterior cubital approach in our hospital. They were all left side involved, with an average age of 32 years (range, 16-42 years). According to O’Driscoll classification, there were two cases of type Ib and two cases IIb respectively. They were all treated by open reduction and internal fixation through flexor?pronator teres interval. Results At cubital fossa, there were 2-3 branches to the pronator teres mostly, 1 branch to flexor carpiradialis and palm longus arising from median nerve. The branch to the flexor digiti superficia?lis usually was long and thick, and divided into 2-5 short twigs near muscle. The branch to palm longus had the same trunk with that to flexor digiti superficialis. The branch to flexor digiti superficialis was the most proximal among those passed through the in?terval of pronator teres and flexor carpiradialis, and its entry point to the muscle had an averaged distance of 37.22 mm to the line passing through medial and lateral humeral epicondyles. It was optimal to expose coronoid tip through the interval of pronator teres and flexor carpiradialis. It was safe to expose coronoid proximal to the branch to flexor digiti superficialis. While, it was better to expose the anteromedial facet and base of corocoid through the interval of palm longus and flexor carpiulnaris via median and ul?nar nerve interface. All of the four patients were followed up for an average period of 9 months. They all achieved bone union from 6 weeks to 3months (mean, 9 weeks). All the patients obtained excellent result according to the modified An&Morrey elbow per?formance index with scores from 94 to 100. Conclusion The novel anteromedial cubital approach via flexor?pronator teres is opti?mal for exposure of coronoid.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common pathological type of lung cancer, most NSCLC patients are at advanced stage at the time of diagnosis. For patients without sensitive driven-oncogene mutations, chemotherapy is still the main treatment at present, the overall prognosis is poor. Improving outcomes and obtaining long-term survival are the most urgent needs of patients with advanced NSCLC. In recent years, immunotherapy has developed rapidly. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), especially targeting programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), have made a breakthrough in the treatment of NSCLC, beneficial to patients' survival and changed the treatment pattern for NSCLC. It shows more and more important role in the treatment of NSCLC. Led by NSCLC expert committee of Chinese society of clinical oncology (CSCO), relevant experts in this field were organized. On the basis of referring to domestic and foreign literature, systematically evaluating the results of Chinese and foreign clinical trials, and combining the experiences of the experts, the experts group reached an agreement to develop this consensus. It will guide domestic counterparts for better application of ICIs to treat NSCLC.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and feasibility of neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior elective surgery following self-expanding metallic stents (SEMS) for complete obstructive left hemicolon cancer. METHODS: This prospective, multicenter, open-labelled trial was approved by the Ethics Committee of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University(2016-ke-161-1) and registered in Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02972541). INCLUSION CRITERIA: (1)age between 18 and 75 years old;(2) adenocarcinoma confirmed by pathology;(3) left hemicolon cancer confirmed by clinical manifestations and imaging examinations with the distance to anal verge > 15 cm; (4) resectable cancer evaluated by imaging examination without distant metastasis; (5) Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score ≤ 1 or Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) > 70, indicating tolerance of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and operation; (6) absence of chemotherapy or radiotherapy within past six months; (7) bone marrow system and hepatorenal function: hemoglobin ≥ 90 g/L, neutrophil ≥ 1.5×10/L, platelet ≥ 80×10/L, total bilirubin ≤ 1.5×ULN(upper limits of normal), serum transaminase ≤ 2.5×ULN, serum creatinine ≤ 1.0×ULN, endogenous creatinine clearance rate > 50 ml/min; (8) sign for informed consent. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: (1) multiple primary colorectal cancer; (2) rejection of operation;(3) presenting peritonitis or bowel perforation before SEMS; (4) unqualified conditions proved by inspector from registration data. According to inclusion criteria, 62 consecutive patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to elective surgery following SEMS for complete obstructive left hemicolon cancer from Beijing Chaoyang Hospital of Capital Medical University (n=31), Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (n=14), the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University (n=13), Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University (n=2), the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University (n=2) between December 2015 and December 2017 were prospectively enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into neoadjuvant chemotherapy group and elective surgery group according to the investigator's clinical experience and patient's preference. Patients in the elective surgery group received surgery within one to two weeks after SEMS placement without neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Those in the neoadjuvant chemotherapy group received 2 cycles of CapeOX or 3 cycles of mFOLFOX6 neoadjuvant chemotherapy within one to two weeks after SEMS placement, and then underwent surgery within 3 weeks after finishing neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Data between groups were compared using Student t-test, chi-square analysis or Fisher exact test analysis, including basic clinical informations, operational conditions and postoperative complications. The adverse reactions during the neoadjuvant chemotherapy were recorded. Surgical difficulty was assessed using visual analog scales ranging from 1 to 10, where 1 represented the lowest and 10 the highest degree of surgical difficulty, as judged by the surgeon. RESULTS: The study included 38 males and 24 females with mean age of (64.8±8.8) years. The clinical baseline data between 2 groups were not significantly different (all P>0.05) except the average time interval between SEMS and surgery was significantly longer in neoadjuvant chemotherapy group [(61.6±13.5) days vs. (10.4±5.2) days, t=16.679, P<0.001]. There was no stent migration in either group. Three patients had perforation in the elective surgery group; one patient had perforation and one had obstruction in the neoadjuvant chemotherapy group; and all these patients received emergent surgery. Adverse reactions of neodajuvant chemotherapy were mainly degree 1 and 2 except one patient with degree 3 diarrhea. Patients in neoadjuvant chemotherapy group had significantly lower rate of stoma [4.8%(1/21) vs. 34.1%(14/41), χ²=6.538, P=0.011], higher rate of laparoscopic surgery [71.4%(15/21) vs. 36.6%(15/41), χ²=6.751, P=0.009], shorter mean operative time (147 minutes vs. 178 minutes, t=-3.255, P=0.002), less mean intraoperative blood loss (47 ml vs. 127 ml, t=-4.129, P<0.001), lower degree of surgical difficulty(3.3 vs. 5.6, t=-5.091, P<0.001), shorter mean postoperative exhausting time (56.2 hours vs. 69.0 hours, t=-2.891, P=0.006), and shorter mean postoperative hospital stay (8.5 days vs. 13.5 days, t=-2.246, P=0.028) as compared with patients in the elective surgery group. Surgical site infection rate and anastomotic leakage rate did not differ significantly between two groups(all P>0.05). CONCLUSION Neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior elective surgery following SEMS is a relatively safe and feasible approach in the treatment for obstructive left hemicolon cancer, and is associated with less stoma, more laparoscopic surgery, shorter operative time, less blood loss, lower surgical difficulty, and faster postoperative recovery as compared with conventional elective surgery.
Aged ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; surgery ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Intestinal Obstruction ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Prospective Studies ; Stents ; Treatment Outcome