The circle of Willis is the major cerebral collateral circulation.Its anatomical variation is in populations higher.The previous studies showed that anatomical variation in circle of Willis was an independent risk factor for cerebral ischemia.This article reviews the relationship between the various anatomical variation types of the circle of Willis and cerebral ischemia.

Objective To determine a possible role for Clara cell secretary protein(CCSP)during acute RSV infection.Method CCSP-deficient [CCSP (-/-)]and wild-type (WT) mice were intratracheally infected with RSV and the lung inflammatory response to RSV infection were assessed.Results RSV-F gene expression increased in the lungs of CCSP (-/-) mice compared to WT mice following RSV infection, consistent with increased viral persistence. Lung inflammation was significantly worsened in CCSP (-/-) mice compared to WT mice after RSV infection. Th2 cytokines and neutrophil chemokines increased in the lungs of CCSP (-/-) mice following RSV infection.Conclusion These findings suggest that lack of CCSP may promote the inflammatory and Th2 immune response to RSV infection.

Objective To detect the serum levels of angiogenic factors and inflammatory cytokines in patients w ith moyamoya disease and explore their roles in the pathogenesis of the disease. Methods The serum levels of vascular endothelial grow th factor (VEGF), angiopoietin -1 (Ang-1), interleukin-8 (IL-8), granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G -CSF), granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor ( GM-CSF) and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP -1) in 56 patients w ith moyamoya disease and 26 healthy controls w ere measured by cytometric bead array. Results The serum levels of VEGF (2.81 ± 1.77 pg/ml vs.1.98 ±0.66 pg/ml; t = 3.081, P = 0.003 ) and IL-8 (0.89 ±0.69 pg/ml vs.0.63 ± 0.45 pg/ml; t'=2.0371, P < 0.05) in the moyamoya disease group w ere significantly higher than those in the healthy control group, and the serum level of Ang -1 in the moyamoya disease group w as significantly low er than that in the healthy control group (830.01 ±289.29 pg/ml vs.961.65 ±232.87 pg/ml; t =-2.032, P =0.045). Conclusions There are significant difference in serum levels of VEGF, Ang -1 and IL-8 betw een patients w ith moyamoya disease and healthy controls. The results indicate that angiogenic factors and inflammatory cytokines play some roles in the pathogenesis of moyamoya disease.

Objective To investigate the effect of indomethacin on prevention of heterotopic ossification (HO)after operative treatment of acetabular fractures.Methods Fifty patients with acetabular fractures received in our department operative treatment through Kocher-langenbeck(K-L)approach and oral administration of in- domethacin afer operation from February 2001 to August 2003.Forty-eight of them were successfully followed up for incidence of HO and their clinical functions were assessed.The results were compared with those of 40 patients who had been treated with the same operative procedures but without oral administration of indomethacin in our depart- ment from March 1993 to May 1998.The patients who could not tolerate the drug were not included.Results The follow-ups averaged 22.8 months(range,6 to 39 months).HO occurred in eight cases.The incidence of HO was 16.7%(8/48).According to Brooker evaluation of HO,five cases were rated as degreeⅠ,three as degreeⅡ, and none as degreeⅢorⅣ.The incidence of severe HO was 0.In the control group,the incidence of HO was 35.0%(14/40)and the incidence of severe HO was 10.0%(4/40).The differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion Oral administration of indomethacin after operative treatment of acetabular fractures can inhibit HO.

Objective To observe the outcome of patients with ocular cicatricial pemphigoid (OCP) after amniotic membrane grafting or penetrating keratoplasty.Design Retrospective,noncomparative case series.Participants 3 consecutive OCP patients (4 eyes),were included.Methods For 3 patients (4 eyes) in this study,preoperative visual acuity was from HM/5 cm to HM/10 cm.The symblepharon (gradeⅢ) of 2 patients (3 eyes) were detached and amniotic membrane was transplanted,and bandage contact lens were used till 2 months after operations.The other patient (1 eye) was undergone penetrating keratoplasty with glycerol-cryopreserved cornea because of corneal ulcer and perforation.Main Outcome Measures Visual acuity,recovering of conjunctiva and cornea.Results Am- niotic membrane dissolved about 1 month after operation in 2 patients (3 eyes).Symblepharon changed from gradeⅢto gradeⅡ,visual acuity increased to 0.04-0.05,central corneal epithelium was regenerated significantly,and a little new vessel appeared at corneal lim- bus in 2 patients (2 eyes).The graft deliquesced in the patient with penetrating keratoplasty at 20 days after operation and undergone penetrating keratoplasty again after 1 month.In this patient,the graft molten induced the ocular contents run-off and became eyeball at- rophy eventually.Conclusion Our small sample study shows that the symblepharon detachment and amniotic membrane transplantation is effective for improving visual acuity in OCP with ocular surface dysfunction.However,because of various factors,penetrating kerato- plasty is ineffective for OCP with perforating corneal ulcer.

The individual intervention control of risk factors in high-risk population is one of key preventive measures of chronic disease.A total of 312 volunteers consulted physicians in one selected community.And 23 high-risk individuals of chronic disease were screened.The physicians customized the limit or requirement of diet,activity,tobacco and alcohol for each individual and made interventions of life behaviors according to the plans.The results showed that physical state of 20 (87％) of them converted from high-risk to health after interventions.Therefore customized control plan of individual risk factors is an effective control method of chronic disease.

Objective To establish a novel TRFIA for the measurement of heparanase (HPA) in serum samples,and investigate its clinical application.Methods The micro-pore plate wells were first coated with partially recombinant murine anti-human HPA monoclonal antibody.Biotin-labeled recombinant HPA protein was then used to compete with HPA in serum samples,and the prepared europium (III)-labeled streptavidin (Eu3+-SA) was used as signal readout for establishing the BSA-TRFIA assay.Using this assay,the serum HPA levels in healthy subjects (n=32) and tumor patients (n=54) were measured.The results of BSA-TRFIA were compared with those of ELISA.Two-sample t test (or t' test),and linear correlation analysis were used to analyze the data.Results The sensitivity of BSA-TRFIA for measuring HPA was 0.33 ug/L.The CV values for intra-batch and inter-batch were 5.29% and 7.54%,respectively.The average recovery rate was 105.5%.The standard curve range was 0-1 000 ug/L.The serum HPA level measured by the BSA-TRFIA method in healthy subjects was (2.03_+ 1.47) Iug/L.In tumor patients,the HPA level was significantly higher:(22.13_+7.38) ug/L (t'=19.388,P

Objective To investigate the clinical and pathological characteristics of atypical polypoid adenomyoma (APA) for improvement of the diagnosis, different diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Methods The clinical data, pathological characteristics, and the follow-up information were retrospectively analyzed in 27 cases of APA admitted in Peking Univeristy People′s Hospital from 2007 to 2016. Results The median age was 42.6 years old (range 25-60 years old). Fifteen patients were nullipara, 2 patients were postmenopausal. The most common presenting symptom was abnormal uterine bleeding (81%,22/27). Leisions were obtained by using hysteroscopy in 23 cases, hysterectomy 3 cases and dilatation and curettage 1 case. Fertility preserving treatments were performed in 10 patients who had strong desire for fertility, among which 1 case progressed into endometrial carcinoma. Among 15 patients underwent hysterectomy and (or) bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, 9 cases of them had endometrial atypical hyperplasia. Endometrial carcinoma along with APA were found in three patients, 2 cases of them underwent hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy, the other one received medication for fertility preservation. Follow up information were available in 24 cases(89%,24/27)with a median follow up of 46 months (range 4-108 months), 1 case recurred and 1 case progressed into endometrial carcinoma. One case died of other malignancy, while the other patients were alive. Conclusions APA is a rare uterine neoplasm mixed with epithelial and mesenchymal component. It occurs mostly in childbearing-age women and its diagnosis is dependent on pathology. Although it′s clinical course is benign, there is risk of co-existance of endometrial carcinoma and endometrial atypical hyperplasia. For those who has desire of fertility, the treatment strategy is completely removed the lesion and closely followed up. For those who do not desire to preserve fertility, hysterectomy may be an option.

Objective:To investigate variety pattern of expression level of TCRV?subfamilies in mononuclear cell in spleen tissue of rats with dampness pathogenic factors and normal rats by using FQ-PCR technique. Methods:32 SD rats were divided into four groups: normal group, external dampness group, internal dampness group, external and internal dampness group. Observing period was 20 days. 3 Rats were randomly selected from each group in order to exam the TCRV? subfamilies expression level. Results:The expression of TCRV?1, TCRV?7, TCRV?9 and TCRV?13 in external dampness group were higher than those in normal group (P

In this paper, a low-cost PC-based, high-quality and interactive 3D stereoscopic medical visualization system is presented, which can be clinically used for diagnosis and surgical planning. The algorithms of direct volume rendering have been improved for realization with the programmable graphics hardware under PC environment. Local illumination, classification and non-polygonal iso-surface rendering are also incorporated into the system in appropriate consideration of both high-quality rendering and real-time interaction. The medical visualization system has been applied to the neurosurgical and orthopedic planning and the effectiveness has been clinically proved.
Algorithms ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Neurosurgical Procedures ; Orthopedic Procedures ; Planning Techniques ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods ; User-Computer Interface