Under the background of current strained doctor-patient relationship,the new Criminal law Amendment stipulates that people who makes medical troubles shall be persecuted for their criminal liability in order to reconstruct harmonious doctor-patient relationship.Through questionnaire survey,this paper investigated the cognitive status,cognitive channel,and improvement measures of doctor-patient relationship after the new Criminal law Amendment in college students in Nanjing,analyzed the causes,and discussed the possible path to construct harmonious doctor-patient relationship.Doctor-patient communication should be enhanced;patients should seek medicine service rationally;hospitals should effectively deal with complaints and disputes and vigorously strengthen the enforcement strength of the new Criminal law Amendment.

Humans ; Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome

Objective To investigate the efficiency of autologous transplantation of peripheral blood stem cell for treatment of patients with chronic lower limb ischemia. Methods Forty-six patients with chronic lower limb ischemia were treated by autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Results Fortytwo patients had pain relief on legs, and cold and cool feelings in lower limbs disappeared. Thirty-five patients had pain relief on feet, and 29 of them had disappearance of cold and cool feelings. Due to necrosis in middle and lower part of leg, 4 patients took extremity amputation after 4 weeks of the transplantation. In the 42 patients who kept their legs 3 months after transplantation, the distance of anginacruris extended from (87. 45 ±41.22) m to (348.52 ± 147.24) m, skin temperature increased from(28.52 ±0.51 ) ℃ to(33.56±0.62) ℃ ,and ankle-brachial index (ABI) increased from(0.48 ±0.06)to(0.75 ±0.07). There were statistical differences, and the scores of the distance of anginacruris, skin temperature, and ABI after transplantation were better than before. six months after transplantation autobiography of lower extremity was used, and neonatal lateral vessels of different degrees were found in 37 patients. Conclusion Autologous transplantation of peripheral blood stem cell is a simple, safe, and effective method, especially in treating patients with lower limb ischemia in which no arterial reconstruction is feasible.

Objective To explore the anomalous expression of HDAC1 in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN)and cervical carcinoma and its relationship with the infection of HPV16/18. Methods The expressions of HDAC1 protein and HDAC1 infection were detected by in situ hybridiza?tion(ISH)and immunohistochemistry staining(SP)in tissues from patient with chronic cervicitis(the chronic cervicitis group),CIN(the CINⅠgroup,the CINⅡgroup and the CINⅢgroup)and cervical squamous carcinoma(the cervical carcinoma group). Results The infection rate of HPV16/18 was 8.33%,34.78%,48.00%,65.21%,78.00%in patients with chronic cervicitis,CINⅠ,CINⅡ,CINⅢand cervical carcinoma re?spectively. There was significant difference between groups(P<0.05). The positive expression rate of HDAC1 was 0,13.04%,32.00%,47.82%and 76.00%in chronic cervicitis,CINⅠ,CINⅡ,CINⅢand cervical carcinoma,respectively. The differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). The positive expression of HDAC1 in the HPV16/18 infected patients was significantly higher than those uninfected with HPV16/18(P<0.05). The HDAC1 positive expression had no relationship with clinical stages of cervical carcinoma,however,it was related to the tissue differentia?tion,stromal invasion and pelvic lymph node metastasis(all P<0.05). Conclusion The infection of HPV16/18 may play an important role in the carcinongenesis of SCC through increasing the expression of HDAC1.

Background and purpose:Hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) and hypoxia inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α) play key roles in hepatocarcinogenesis and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Positive correlation on the expression of these 2 proteins in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues has been found, whereas the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. This study focused on the role of HBx in regulating HIF-1α and the underlying mechanisms in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Methods:The expression plasmids were transfected into Huh7 cells with LipofectemineTM 2000. Western blot analysis was applied to detect the expressions of HIF-1αand HIF-1β protein. The transcriptional activity of HIF-1α was detected by the commercial analysis kits. The mRNA levels of HIF-1αand its target genes, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and multi-drug resistance gene 1 (MDR1), were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Immunoprecipitation analysis was applied to detect the interaction of HIF-1α, HBx and protein von Hippel-Lindau (pVHL). Results:Huh7 cells transfected with HBx plasmid led to sharp increase of HIF-1αprotein and transcriptional activity, as well as the mRNA of VEGF and MDR1 (P<0.05). However, the mRNA level of HIF-1αwas not obviously changed after HBx transfection (P>0.05). Meanwhile, HBx also signiifcantly impaired the function of pVHL in mediating the degradation of HIF-1αby ubiquitin hydrolase. This finding was further confirmed by the immunoprecipitation analysis, which showed that HBx could directly bind to pVHL, but not to HIF-1α. Conclusion:HBx may inhibit the inter-activation between pVHL and HIF-1αthrough directly binding to pVHL, and thus enhance the stability and transcriptional activity of HIF-1α.

Aim To investigate the effect of piperine (PIP)on triglycerides(TG),free fatty acid(FFA), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and leptin of model rats with insulin resistance syndrome(IRS).Methods By feeding rats with high-fat,high-glucose and high-salt diet,IRS model rats were established.Triglycer-ides(TG)was observed dynamically every 4 weeks, treating on the 4th weeks and 8 weeks continuously. TG (method of GOD-POD),FFA (method of colori-metric),TNF-αand leptin (method of ELISA)were measured.Results After 8 weeks treatment,the level of TG,FFA,TNF-αand leptin in PIP group decreased obviously,while it increased in model group signifi-cantly.Conclusions PIP could reduce TG and FFA and improve abnormal lipid metabolism of model rats with IRS significantly.Perhaps the mechanism is relat-ed with the down-regulation of cytokine TNF-αand leptin.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects and mechanisms of cordycepin,an effective component of cordyceps militaris, on renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) and its related eIF2α/TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.

METHODFirstly, 15 C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 3 groups,the control group (Group A), the model group (Group B) and the cordycepin-treated group (Group C). After renal interstitial fibrotic model was successfully established by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), the mice in Group C were intraperitoneally administrated with cordycepin(5 mg x kg(-1) d(-1)) and the ones in Group A and B were administrated with physiological saline for 5 days. At the end of the study, the obstructed kidneys were collected and detected for the pathological changes of RIF, and the mRNA expressions of collagen type I (Col I) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in the kidney by Northern blot. Secondly, after renal tubular epithelial (NRK-52E) cells cultured in vitro were exposed to transforming growth factor (TGF) -β with or without cordycepin, the mRNA expressions of Col I and collagen type IV( Col IV) by Northern blot, and the protein expressions of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α), phosphorylated eIF2α ( p-eIF2α), Smad2/3 and phosphorylated Smad2/3 (p-Smad2/3) were tested by Western blot.

RESULTIn vivo, cordycepin alleviated RIF in model mice, including improving fibrotic pathological characteristics and mRNA expressions of Col I and α-SMA. In vitro, cordycepin induced the high expression of p-elF2α, and inhibited the expressions of p-Smad2/3, Col I and Col IV induced by TGF-β in NRK-52E cells.

CONCLUSIONCordycepin attenuates RIF in vivo and in vitro, probably by inducing the phosphorylation of eIF2α, suppressing the expression of p-Smad2/3, a key signaling molecule in TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway, and reducing the expressions of collagens and α-SMA in the kidney.

Actins ; analysis ; Animals ; Deoxyadenosines ; pharmacology ; Fibrosis ; Kidney ; drug effects ; pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Phosphorylation ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; physiology ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; Smad Proteins ; physiology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; antagonists & inhibitors ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects and molecular mechanisms of rhein on reducing starvation-induced autophagic protein expression in renal tubular epithelial ( NRK-52E) cells.

METHODHank's balanced salt solution (HBSS) was used to induce NRK-52E cells to be in the state of starvation. After the intervention of HBSS for 0, 0.5,1, 2 and 6 hours, firstly, the protein expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3 I/II), which is a key protein in autophagy, was detected. Secondly, the protein expressions of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and phosphorylated-mTOR Ser2448 (p-mTOR S2448) were examined. And then, after the co-treatment of rhein (5 mg x L(-1)) and HBSS (1 mL) without or with mTOR inhibitor, rapamycin (100 nmol x L(-1)), the protein expressions of LC3 I/II, mTOR and p-mTOR S2448 were tested, respectively.

RESULTHBSS could induce the up-regulation of LC3 II and the down-regulation of p-mTOR S2448 at protein expression level in NRK-52E cells. The co-treatment of rhein and HBSS could reversely regulate the protein expressions of LC3 II and p-mTOR S2448 in NRK-52E cells significantly. The co-treatment of rapamycin, rhein and HBSS could recover the level of LC3 II protein expression in HBSS-intervened NRK-52E cells.

CONCLUSIONHBSS induces autophagy in renal tubular epithelial cells by inhibiting mTOR signaling pathway activation. Rhein reduces the autophagic protein expression in renal tubular epithelial cells through regulating mTOR signaling pathway activation, which is the possible effects and molecular mechanisms.

Animals ; Anthraquinones ; pharmacology ; Autophagy ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Epithelial Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Isotonic Solutions ; pharmacology ; Kidney Tubules ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; genetics ; Rats ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; genetics ; physiology

Adolescent ; Female ; Humans ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome ; complications ; Uveitis, Anterior ; etiology