This paper introduced a hand function rehabilitation system based on motor imagery (MI) brain-computer interface for hand function rehabilitation of stroke patients. The rehabilitation system contains three subsystems. Offline training subsystem displays the blank screen, a left or right hand movement video and arrow in turn, which respectively reminders patients to rest and make preparations for MI and instruct them how to do MI, and be doing MI. Finally, the patients' electroephalography (EEG) signals are acquired and processed togenerate a recognition model. Model update online training subsystem presents the black screen and a left or right arrow, the meanings ofwhich are the same as those in offline training subsystem. Then the acquired EEG signals are analyzed according to the established recognitionmodel. Next, the analysis result is derived to control the hand movement video to be played. The video can also act as a visual feedback,which makes patients' EEG signals easier to be recognized. The updated and more effective recognition model is built at last. Virtual reality(VR) online training subsystem constructs 3D grid models of VR scene, a 3D man model and its hand animations in the 3Dmax. Then, all ofthem are imported into Unity3D. The control methods of the animations are also designed in Unity3D. In the end, the patients' EEG signalsare analyzed according to the updated recognition model, thus controlling the hand movements of the 3D man in real time. The developedsystem has many characteristics, such as multilevel training and more immersion, which hopefully promotes the plasticity of central nervoussystem. The designed system provides new treatments for post-stroke hand function rehabilitation and further lays the foundation for family-mode rehabilitation.

Aluminum ; blood ; Humans ; Spectrophotometry, Atomic ; methods

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to investigate the expression and clinical significance of 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase in nasopharyngeal carcinoma biopsy samples. METHOD: Sixty-one biopsy samples were detected, including 41 tissues samples from patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and 20 tissues samples from patients with chronic nasopharyngitis as control group. 6-phosphofructo 1 kinase mRNA expression was detected by RTPCR. RESULT: It was observed that the expression levels of 6 phosphofructo-1-kinase mRNA in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues were higher than in the chronic inflammatory tissues. And the expression levels in patients with lymph node metastasis were higher than without lymph nod metastasis. CONCLUSION 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase may be a marker in occurrence and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Biomarkers, Tumor ; metabolism ; Carcinoma ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Phosphofructokinase-1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism

Craving of drug addicts for drugs is the most important factor that causes relapse. On-line, objective and quantificational measurement of craving is of certain value in predicting relapse and drug-seeking behavior of addicts. Some common methods used to measure craving are reviewed and their shortcomings are analyzed. Aiming at characteristics, analysis methods, typical application of electroencephalography (EEG) and characteristics of craving, we have a discussion about the possibility of using EEG to measure craving. In addition, some related problems and difficulties are probed. These analyses are helpful to the study of craving.
Behavior, Addictive ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; psychology ; Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Self Disclosure ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome ; diagnosis

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the utilization of functional neck dissection for treatment of recurrent branchial cleft anomalies. METHOD: Fifteen patients with recurrent branchial cleft anomalies (fistula and cyst) undergoing functional neck dissection were retrospectively analyzed. RESULT: Complications included 2 incisions secondary healing, 1 postoperative choking persisting for 1 months and 1 Horner's syndrome. There was no recurrence after a follow up from 2 months to 6 years,except 2 cases were lost to follow-up. CONCLUSION Functional neck dissection is an effective and safe surgical management for recurrent second and third branchial cleft anomalies(fistula and cyst).
Adolescent ; Adult ; Branchial Region ; abnormalities ; surgery ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Neck ; surgery ; Neck Dissection ; methods ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the optimal surgical approach for resecting infratemporal fossa-pterygomaxillary fossa-parapharyngeal space tumor. The aim of this study is to enhance therapeutic effect and reduce complications and sequelae. METHOD: Sixty-six patients with infratemporal fossa-pterygomaxillary fossa-parapharyngeal space tumor were analyzed retrospectively from 1998-2004, including complains, symptoms, physical signs; histodiagnosis, image examinations and surgical approaches. RESULT: No recurrence was found in fifty benign tumor cases after 2 to 5 years, while in 16 cases with malignant tumor, four patients died in one year, 8 cases died in 2 to 4 years, and only 4 patients' survival time exceeded 4 years. CONCLUSION Extended maxillectomy is suitable for resecting primary carcinoma of maxillary sinus invading pterygomaxillary fossa, infratemporal fossa and /or parapharyngeal space tumor. also midface degloving approach is suitable for nasal primary cavity, nasal sinuses, nasopharynx and/or pterygomaxillary fossa tumor and localized malignant tumor. Trans-cervical combining mandibular split swing approach is suitable for parapharyngeal space tumor invading pterygomaxillary fossa and/or infratemporal fossa tumor. Trans-cervical jaw combining mandibulotomy is suitable for resecting parapharyngeal space, infratemporal fossa tumor for invading lateral skull base and pterygomaxillary fossa tumor.
Adult ; Aged ; Craniotomy ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Skull Base Neoplasms ; surgery

Summary: The expression of CD44v6 and its relationship with the development, progress, invasion and metastasis of laryngeal carcinoma was investigated. The expression and content of CD44v6 mRNA in tissuess were detected by both RT-PCR and FCM which were respectively extracted from normal laryngeal mucosa, leukoplakia of larynx, laryngeal papilloma, polyp of vocal cord, tissues of laryngeal carcinoma, metastatic and nonmetastatic lymph nodes of neck, and tissues close to carcinoma. The outcome of RT-PCR indicated that the expression rate of CD44v6 mRNA involved in tissues of laryngeal carcinoma and metastatic lymph nodes of neck was the highest (90 %-100 %) compared with that of leukoplakia of larynx, laryngeal papilloma, tissues close to carcinoma by 0.5 cm (55.56 %-60.00 %) and that of normal laryngeal mucosa, polyp of vocal cord, nonmetastatic lymph nodes and tissues close to carcinoma by 1.0 cm was the lowest ( 13.33 %-20 %). The result from FCM was highly consistent with that from RT-PCR. It was suggested that CD44v6 was closely related with the development, progress, invasion and metastasis of laryngeal carcinoma. The outcome from the tissues close to carcinoma by different distance could do help to the determination of incisal edge in surgery abstractly.

Virtual reality (VR) is a three-dimensional virtual technology which generates virtual world by computer simulation. VR provides users with the simulation of visual, auditory and tactile senses, so that users can observe things in the virtual space as in the real world. Electroencephalogram(EEG) is the direct reflection of the activation of neurons in the cerebral cortex. The combination of VR and EEG has become an important method of brain science research. However, the existing research lacks a systematic arrangement of combination of VR and EEG. In this paper, the related research of VR combined with EEG in the past 20 years were summarized, the corresponding experimental paradigm, research methods and results were introduced, and finally the future research directions of the combination of VR and EEG were prospected.

Objective To establish a method for the determination of thallium and its soluble compounds in workplace air using microporous filter membrane sampling and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Methods Thallium and its soluble compounds in workplace air were collected using microporous filter membranes, digested with nitric acid, quantified using lutetium internal standard method, and detected by ICP-MS. Results The linear range of thallium was 0.00 to 600.00 μg/L, with the correlation coefficient of 1.000. The detection limit was 0.08 μg/L, and the lower limit of quantification was 0.26 μg/L. The minimum detection concentration and minimum quantitation concentration of thallium of 75.00 L workplace air were 1.0×10^-5 and 3.0×10^-5 mg/m³, respectively. The minimum detection concentration and minimum quantitation concentration of thallium of 480.00 L workplace air was 2.0×10^-6 and 5.0×10^-6 mg/m³, respectively. The recovery rate of spiking was 100.82%-103.44%, and the relative standard deviation within- and between-batches was 1.50%-3.32% and 1.32%-3.11%, respectively. The sample could be stored at room temperature for at least 14 days. Conclusion This method can be used for the detection of thallium and its soluble compounds in workplace air.

OBJECTIVE: To establish the occupational exposure limits for methyl t-butyl ether(MTBE) in the air of workplace in China. METHODS: According to the GBZ/T 210.1-2008 Guide for Establishing Occupational Health Standards--Part 1: Occupational Exposure Limits for Airborne Chemicals in the Workplace, we collected and analyzed data on physical and chemical properties, toxicology, occupational epidemiology and foreign occupational exposure limits related to MTBE by literature search. A total of 180 occupational workers exposed to MTBE were selected as exposure group, and 155 workers and administrative logistics personnel without exposure to MTBE were selected as the control group. Occupational hygiene investigation and occupational physical examination were carried out. We deduced the occupational exposure limits for MTBE in workplace air in China by combining literature data. RESULTS: The time-weighted average(TWA) of MTBE in the workplace air developed by the United States of America and Britain is 180.00 mg/m~3. The short-term exposure limit(STEL) of MTBE in the workplace air developed by Australia and New Zealand is 270.00 mg/m~3. The concentration of TWA(C_(TWA)) of MTBE in the exposure group was less than 0.08-4.90 mg/m~3. The concentration of short term exposure was less than 0.10-14.28 mg/m~3, and the C_(TWA) was less than 0.02-83.66 mg/m~3, in parts of workplaces. There was no statistically significant difference on the self-conscious discomfort and the abnormality in physical examination between these two groups(P>0.05). CONCLUSION: It's recommended that the permissible concentration-TWA of MTBE should be set at 180.00 mg/m~3, and the permissible concentration-STEL should be set at 270.00 mg/m~3 in China.