Objective:To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Clinical Reception Attitude Scale .Meth-ods:Based on the survey of 311 outpatients from 4 first-class hospitals , the test-retest reliability , internal con-sistency , construct validity , criterion validities and discriminant validity of the scale was tested .Results:The test-retest reliability was 0.901, the internal consistency was 0.973, 4 common factors accounted for 80.0%of the total variation, the items of which matched the construct of the scale , the criterion validities were 0.856 and 0 .810 , the discriminant validity was good .Conclusions: The results indicated the Clinical Reception Attitude Scale had good reliability and validity .The adjusted scale is an effective tool for the investigation of clinical recep-tion attitude of doctors in China .

The final scale came into being through the process of compiling items with the use of document method and Delphi method, assessing the reliability and validity realized by application of multiple linear regression analysis, Crowns Bach coefficient, correlation coefficient methods and so forth.19 items and 4 dimensions contai-ning communication skills, care, respect and sense of responsibility comprise this clinical reception attitude scale. The scale is qualified to serve as an assessment tool for researching doctor′s attitude, having various merits inclu-ding high consistency among items and cogent dimension setting, whose total score can desirably represent clinical doctor′s attitude towards out-patients.

Objective:To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI)among the medical students.Methods:A total of 603 undergraduate students were selected from a medical school in Beijing using a stratified-cluster random-sampling strategy,who were assessed by using the Chinese version of PSQI.Then 1 71 subjects were randomly selected to retest about 1 month later,using a variety of psychometric properties to evaluate reliability and validity of the scale. Results:The average of global PSQI scores was 5.38 ±2.34,the overall Cronbach’s αcoefficient of all the scale items was 0.734,the half-split reliability coefficient was 0.655;the test-retest correlation coef-ficient was 0.530 for global PSQI score,and there was no statistically significant difference before and af-ter (P >0.05).As for the construct validity,confirmatory factor analysis results indicated that the two factor model (containing sleep efficiency factor and sleep quality factor)was the optimal model (good-ness-of-fit index 0.949,root of the mean square residual 0.083,comparative fit index 0.699),and the factor loading for “hypnotic drug use”was the lowest.Using subjective sleep quality of the students as the criteria,the global PSQI score was statistically different between the criteria-based groups (P <0.001 ).And the area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC)curve which was plotted using the global score of PSQI was 0.908 (95%CI:0.880 -0.936).Conclusion:The Chinese version of PSQI has been verified,having good reliability and validity among the medical students,and is an effec-tive tool to investigate and screen the sleep quality of medical students in China.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the diagnostic value of MRI in radial head fracture with forearm interosseous membrane injuries.

METHODSFrom December 2011 to December 2012,26 patients with fractures of capitulum radial in our hospital were collected. There were 15 males and 11 females, ranging in age from 21 to 53 years old,with an average of 37.6 years old. All the patients visited hospital within 72 hours after injuries. X-ray radiography of full ulnar radial length in injured side, CT in injured side (three-dimensional reconstruction if necessary) and MRI (including the elbow and wrist joints) were performed within a week after the injury. The MRI manifestations of the forearm interosseous membrane (with or without damage, the injured location and the injury degree ) and the fractures degree of radial head were observed and compared for the relativity.

RESULTSRadial head fracture from Mason type I to III was associated with the forearm interosseous membrane injury. Radial head fracture degree was positive correlated with forearm interosseous membrane injury degree (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONRadial head fracture with suspicious forearm interosseous membrane injury is necessary to take MRI for checking for any interosseous membrane injury and injury degree, then choose the right treatment for radial capitulum fracture, only in this way can be helpful for the functional recovery of elbow and forearm.

Adult ; Female ; Forearm ; pathology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Membranes ; injuries ; Middle Aged ; Radius Fractures ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Young Adult

70 bpm during scan),the proportion of segments that could not be assessed because of motion artifact were 0.1%(1/759),1.1%(7/649),2.5% (10/407),42.6%(103/242),and 75.5%(108/143),respectively.With conventional selective coronary angiography as the golden standard,the sensitivity,specificity,positive and negative prediction values to detect≥50% stenotic lesions in the assessable segments were 79.2%,96.0%,83.8%,and 94.6%,respectively.There was a significant correlation between the number of segments per patient not assessable because of motion artifact and heart rate during the scan(r=0.655,P=0.000).Conclusion MSCT is capable of achieving high accuracy for detection of coronary artery stenosis,and is a reliable technique to diagnose coronary artery disease.

Objective To detect the expression of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) in the early secondary infection of acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) and to probe its diagnostic value for early infection. Methods Twenty-four male SD rats were randomly divided into the control (C) group, the ANP group and the secondary infection of ANP (SIANP) group. The constructions of the models were achieved through intraperitoneal injection of L-arginine and E. coli. After 24 hours, the blood and peritoneal fluid samples were collected for bacterial culture, and the serum levels of amylase, CRP, TNF-α and TREM-1 were detected. The pathological changes in the pancreas were observed. The expression of TREM-1 mRNA and TREM-1 protein in pancreatic tissue was detected by Real-time PCR and Western Blot. Results The histological score of pancreas, and serum amylase in ANP group and SIANP group were significantly higher than those in C group; the positive rate of bacterial culture of blood and peritoneal fluid in SIANP group was 100% , which suggested the model was successfully established. CRP and TNF-a levels in SIANP group were (8.7 ±3.1)mg/L and (185.7 ± 10.9) mg/L, which were not significantly different from that in ANP group [( 16.5 ±3.6) , ( 176.0 ± 18.6) mg/L]. The serum level of TREM-1, expression of TREM-1 mRNA and TREM-1 protein in pancreatic tissue was (9.3 ±0.9) ng/ml, 14.84 ± 3.45, 316.2 ± 59.2, which were significantly higher than those in ANP group [ (5.5 ±0.3)ng/ml, 4.51 ±1.44, 188.6 ±42.4, P <0.05]. Conclusions TREM-1 has diagnostic value for early secondary infection of ANP.

Objective To clone and express the encoding sequence of glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH)from periodic Brugia molayi(Bm).Methods Total RNA was extraeted from periodic Brugic malayi.The BmGAPDH gene was amplified by RT-PCR.The PCR product was cloned and then subeloned into pcDNA3.1(+)vector.The recombinant plasmids were screened and identified by digestion with restriction enzyme and PCR amplification,and were transformed into COS-7 cell subsequently.The expressed protein was identified by SDS-PAGE.Results BmGAPDH mRNA was highiy expressed in transfected COS-7 cell.The deduced amino acid sequence was identical with that of BmGAPDH.The recombinant pnotein wag about Nr 43 000.Conclusion The recombinant plasmid peDNA3.1(+)-BmGAPDH has been constructed and the protein has been expressed correctly.

This paper introduces the general constitutions and principle of BCI systems. In addition, some characteristics and limitations of different research methods are discussed and compared. Finally, this paper points out the existing problems and future trends of BCIs. brain-computer interface (BCI), human-computer Interface (HCI), electroencephalography (EEG).
Brain ; physiology ; Computers ; Electroencephalography ; methods ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Software ; User-Computer Interface

Objective To construct the eukaryotic expression plasmid containing glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and cysteine protease inhibitor ( CPI ) gene from periodic Brugia malayi (Bm) and to lay foundation for studying multivalent vaccines. Methods Total RNA was extracted from periodic Bin. The BmGAPDH and BmCPI genes were amplified by RT-PCR. The PCR product was cloned and then subeloned into eukaryotic recombinant plasmid vector pcDNA3.1 (+). pcDNA3.1 (+)/BmGAPDH/BmCPI was constructed. The recombinant plasmids were screened and identified by digestion with restriction enzyme and PCR amplification, and were transformed into HeLa cell subsequently. The transient expression of BmGAPDH and BmCPI were examined by RT-PCR. The expressed protein was identified by sodium dodeeylsulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE). Results Two specific bands of around 877 bp of BmGAPDH and 621 bp of BmCPI were amplified, consistent with the expected value. The same bands were obtained by double restriction enzyme digestion of recombinant plasmids or PCR using recombinant plasmid as template. BmGAPDH and BmCPI mRNA were highly expressed in transfeeted HeLa cell. The relative molecular mass (Mr) of the recombinant protein was about 54 × 103. Conclusion The recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3.1 (+)/BmGAPDH/BmCPI has been constructed successfully and the protein is expressed correctly in mammalian cell.

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays an important role in tissues angiogenesis. The adaptation of animals to hypoxic environment is relative to the microvessel density (MVD) in tissues. To further explore the adaptation mechanisms of plateau zokor (Myospalax baileyi) to the hypoxic-hypercapnic burrows, the VEGF mRNA and the MVD in cerebral tissues of the plateau zokor were studied. Total RNA was isolated from liver, and VEGF cDNA was obtained by RT-PCR, then the VEGF cDNA was cloned and sequenced. The coding sequence of plateau pika (Ochotona curzniae), rat (Rattus norvegicus) and mouse (Mus musculus) VEGF cDNA are obtained from GenBank, and the nucleotide and amino acid sequence homology of plateau zokor VEGF cDNA coding sequence with that of plateau pika, rat and mouse were analyzed and compared by using of bioinformatics software. The VEGF mRNA was detected by real-time PCR, and the MVDs in cerebral tissues of the plateau zokor, plateau pika and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat were measured by immunohistochemical staining. The results showed that the open reading frame of the plateau zokor VEGF was 645 bp, and the coding sequence of the plateau zokor VEGF cDNA shared 92.1%, 93.6% and 93.8% nucleotide sequence homology to that of the plateau pika, rat and mouse, respectively. The deduced amino acid sequence of the plateau zokor VEGF cDNA was composed of 188 amino acids and the amino acids from 1 to 26 were signal peptide sequence. The plateau zokor VEGF188 was 90.2%, 94.9% and 94.4% homologous to that of plateau pika, rat and mouse. The level of VEGF mRNA in brain of the plateau zokor was significantly lower than that of SD rat, but there was no obvious difference in VEGF mRNA level between plateau zokor and plateau pika. The MVD in brain of the plateau zokor was markedly higher than that of plateau pika and SD rat. In conclusion, plateau zokor enhances its adaptation to the hypoxic environment by increasing the MVD. The level of VEGF mRNA in the brain of plateau zokor is lower than that of SD rat, which may be as a result of inhibition by the higher concentration of carbon dioxide in the burrow.
Adaptation, Physiological ; physiology ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Arvicolinae ; physiology ; Base Sequence ; Brain ; blood supply ; metabolism ; Hypoxia ; physiopathology ; Microvessels ; anatomy & histology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Species Specificity ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; genetics ; metabolism