Objective To establish a simple and practical method for isolating and purifying nucleosomes. Methods Nuclei were isolated from chicken erythrocytes, and then digested with staphylococcal nuclease. After centrifugation, the supernatant of digestion was separated and centrifugated on sucrose gradients. Results Nucleosomes with good stability were isolated properly by gradient centrifugation. Conclusion This method for the isolation and purification of nucleosomes is simple and effective, which might contribute to the further researches of the roles of nucleosomes in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus.

Objective To assess the levels of nucleosomes released from peripheral blood mononu-clear cells(PBMC)of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE),and their relationship with auto-antibodies as well as disease activity.Methods Levels of both nucleosomes released from PBMC and vari-ous auto-antibodies were detected by ELISA in sera from SLE patients.The disease severity was evaluated using SLEDAI(systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index)system.Results Levels of nucleosomes released from PBMC were significantly higher in patients with active SLE than those of patients with inactive disease and normal controls(39.39?25.70,13.44?8.82,and11.73?7.87IU/mL,respectively).There was a significant positive correlation between nucleosome levels and SLEDAI scores,serum ds-DNA auto-an-tibody levels,and low C3levels.Conclusion Nucleosomes released from apoptotic PBMC of patients with SLE is closely correlated to disease activity,which implies that nucleosomes may play an important role in the pathogenesis of SLE.

Objective To investigate the role of nucleosome in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods BALB/c mice were immunized with nucleosome, and then serum dsDNA and ANA autoantibodies were detected by ELISA. Kidney specimens were observed by immunofluorescence and histological examination. Results High titers of IgG dsDNA and ANA autoantibodies in sera of BALB/c mice were observed at the 14th day after immunization with nucleosome. Nephritis and immune complex deposition in renal glomeruli were observed at the 35th day. Conclusion Nucleosome could induce SLE-like disease in BALB/c mice, and may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of SLE.

Objective To screen and identify the predicted epitopes of synthesized predicted HLA-A2-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) derived from HPV16 E7 antigen. Methods The predicted epitopes of HLA-A2-restricted CTLs derived from HPV16 E7 antigen were synthesized and purified with Standard Fmoc assays, and the standard 51Cr release assay was used to determine their activities to induce specific CTL. Results Two epitopes of HLA-A2-restricted CTLs, namely E711-19 (YMLDLQPET) and E749-57 (RAHYNIVTF) derived from HPV16 E7 antigen were identified. Conclusion E711-19 (YMLDLQPET) and E749-57 (RAHYNIVTF) have antigenicity, and may be the candidates for development of peptide vaccine in the treatment of HPV infections.

The purpose of this article was to explore the hotspots in the field of international classification of diseases in China.The methods adopted were Factor Analysis,Cluster Analysis,Multidimensional Scaling Analysis and Social Network Analysis by building the high-frequency keywords co-occurrence matrix in this field.The themes are clustered into ten classes based on the results of Factor Analysis with ten common factors extracted.The results of Social Network Analysis showed that the research of medical payment methods using medical records information is the core theme in this field,which will continue in the future.

OBJECTIVE: To prepare Salinomycin nanostructured lipid carriers (Sal-NLCs) and optimize its formulation. METHODS: Sal-NLCs was prepared by emulsion evaporation-low temperature solidification method. Using particle size, Zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency and drug loading as evaluation indexes, central composite design-response surface methodology was used to optimize the amount of Sal, the ratio of solid lipid glyceryl bisstearate to liquid lipid glyceryl octanoate in oil phase, ratio of surface active agent polyoxyethylene 35 castor oil (EL) to polyethylene glycol-15-hydroxy stearate (HS 15), the amount of polyoxyethylene (40) stearate (P40). The morphology, particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), Zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, drug loading and in vitro release mechanism of Sal-NLCs were investigated. RESULTS: The optimal prescription was as follows as Sal 0. 86 mg, glyceryl bisstearate 40.70 mg, glyceryl octanoate 11.30 mg, EL 44.05 mg, HS15 7.95 mg, P40 3.8 mg. Prepared Sal-NLCs was round-like and dispersed evenly. The particle size, PDI, Zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency and drug loading of prepared Sal-NLCs were(81.81 ± 2.60) nm, 0.183 ± 0.042, (-24.9 ± 3.4) mV,(94.35 ± 1.50)％ and (1.47 ±0.04)％ (n=5), respectively.24 h accumulative release rate was (99.81 ± 3.90)％ (n=3).Drug release behavior was in line with Higuchi model, and relative error of particle size, Zeta-potential, encapsulation efficiency and drug loading to predicted value of model were all lower than 4％. CONCLUSIONS: Sal-NLCs with sustained-release effect is prepared successfully according to optimized formulation, and its quality meets the expected standard.

To summarize the clinical characteristics and chest CT findings of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)patients in Peking Union Medical College Hospital(PUMCH). A total of 13 patients with COVID-19 confirmed at PUMCH from January 20 to February 6,2020 were selected as the research subjects.Their epidemiological histories,clinical characteristics,laboratory tests,and chest CT findings were analyzed retrospectively.The location,distribution,density,and other accompanying signs of abnormal lung CT lesions were recorded,and the clinical types of these patients were assessed. The clinical type was "common type" in all these 13 patients aged(46.8±14.7)years(range:27-68 years).Ten patients had a travel history to Wuhan or direct contact with patients from Wuhan,2 cases had recent travel histories,and 1 case had a travel history to Beijing suburb.The white blood cell(WBC)count was normal or decreased in 92.3% of the patients and the lymphocyte count decreased in 15.4% of the patients.Twelve patients(92.3%)had a fever,among whom 11 patients were admitted due to fever and 2 patients(15.4%)had low fever.Eight patients(61.5%)had dry cough.The CT findings in these 13 patients were all abnormal.The lesions were mainly distributed along the bronchi and under the pleura.The lesions were relatively limited in 8 patients(affecting 1-3 lobes,predominantly in the right or left lower lobe),and diffuse multiple lesions of bilateral lungs were seen in 5 patients.The CT findings mainly included ground glass opacities(GGOs)(=10,76.9%),focal consolidation within GGOs(=7,53.8%),thickened vascular bundle passing through the lesions(=10,76.9%),bronchial wall thickening(=12,92.3%),air bronchogram(=10,76.9%),vacuole signs in the lesions(=7,53.8%),fine reticulation and interlobular septal thickening(=3,23.1%),reversed halo-sign(=2,15.4%),crazy-paving pattern(=2,15.4%),and pleural effusion(=2,15.4%). Most of our patients diagnosed with COVID-19 at PUMCH had a travel history to Wuhan or direct contact with patients from Wuhan.The first symptoms of COVID-19 mainly include fever and dry cough,along with normal or reduced counts of WBC and lymphocytes.CT may reveal that the lesions distribute along the bronchi and under the pleura;they are typically localized GGOs in the early stage but can become multiple GGOs and infiltrative consolidation in both lungs in the advanced stage.Scattered vacuole signs may be visible inside the lesions in some patients.
Adult ; Aged ; Betacoronavirus ; Coronavirus Infections ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Lung ; Middle Aged ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; diagnostic imaging ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed