Objective To investigate the outcome of the urethral realignment simultaneous internal fixation in treatment of pelvic fracture associated with posterior urethral disruption. Methods The study included 33 patients with pelvic fracture associated with posterior urethral disruption treated simultaneously by urethral realignment and internal fixation from December 2003 to August 2009. According to AO classification, two patients were with type A2 fracture, six with type B1 ,seven with type B2,five with type B3 ,six with type C1 ,four with type C2 and three with type C3. All the patients were found with complete posterior urethral disruption. Primary urethral realignment combined with emergency open reduction and internal fixation of pelvic fracture were performed in 12 patients. Due to unstable condition, 21 patients underwent primary suprapubic cystostomy and external fixation, sequentially delayed urethral realignment and internal fixation.Results The mean follow-up time of all patients was 37 months ( range, 3-63 months). Of all the patients, 25 patients (76%) regained good without urethral dialation or needed only short term urethral dilatation, and eight patients (24%) suffered from urethral stricture and needed further complex surgery. The incidences of urinary incontinence and erectile dysfunction were 6%(2/33) and 18% (6/33). The erectile dysfunction of two patients was ascribed to sacral nerve injury.At the final follow-up, the mean score was 90.3 points (range, 66-100) according to the Majeed' s scoring system, which showed that the result was excellent in 24 patients, good in eight and fair in one.Conclusions Urethral realignment and simultaneous internal fixation can attain good clinical results for pelvic fracture associated with posterior urethral disruption. It takes advantages of minor surgical trauma,short treatment cycle, good outcome and low complication rate.

Objective To investigate the early diagnosis and treatment of pelvic fracture with vaginal injury.Methods From January 2000 to July 2010,13 patients suffered from pelvic fracture with vaginal injury were treated in our hospital,whose average age was 31.7 years.According to the Tile classification,there were 4 cases of type B1,1 case of type B2,4 cases of type B3,3 cases of type C1,and 1 case of type C2.Emergency repair of vagina together with open reduction and internal fixation of pelvic fracture was performed in 3 patients.After the patients' condition became stable,5 patients with shock were treated with emergency repair of vagina together with primary external fixation of pelvic fracture.Prompt repair of vagina together with open reduction and internal fixation or primary external fixation of pelvic fracture was performed in 2 patients who underwent delayed diagnosis.Two cases of extensive pelvic abscess due to missed diagnosis of vaginal laceration were treated with debridement and external fixation of pelvic fracture,and reconstructions of vagina were performed after infection control.Results Twelve patients survived,and 1 patient died 6 h after admission.Eleven patients were followed up for 8 to 36 months (average,17 months).Among 9 patients who underwent one-stage repair of vagina,5 married patients had normal sexual life,1 suffered from pain during sexual intercourse,and 3 unmarried patients had normal menses.Two patients who underwent second-stage reconstruction of vagina suffered from pain during sexual intercourse.At final follow-up,the mean Majeed score was 82.2 (range,56 to 96),and the results were excellent in 6 cases,good in 3 cases,fair in 2 cases.Conclusion Vaginal injury should be highly suspected in females with anterior pelvic ring fracture.Early diagnosis and repair of vaginal injury is crucial to good clinical outcomes.Delayed diagnosis and treatment may lead to severe complications.

ObjectiveTo investigate the results of open reduction with internal fixation for high anterior column fracture of acetabulum with intact true pelvic brim.MethodsFrom January 2006 to January 2010,12 patients suffered high anterior column fracture of acetabulum without involvement of true pelvic brim were identified.There were 9 males and 3 females,with the average of 35.6 years(range,29-46).The injury was caused by crush in 7 cases,smash of heavy object in 3 cases,and fall-down from height in 2 cases.These fractures were classified into three types:isolated high anterior column fracture of acetabulum without involvement of true pelvic brim,high anterior column fracture of acetabulum without involvement of true pelvic brim with posterior wall fracture of acetabulum and commminuted high anterior column fracture of acetabulum without involvement of true pelvic brim according to present and unpresent of posterior wall fracture.Five cases suffered isolated fracture and 2 cases associated smaller and nondisplacement fracture fragment of posterior wall were reduced and fixed by buttress plate of iliac crest and lag screw of anterior border of ilium through an iliofemoral approach; 4 cases with displacement posterior wall fracture of acetabulum were reduced and reconstructed by buttress plate and lag screws of through combinations of anterior and posterior approaches.One case suffered comminuted fracture were reduced and reconstructed by plates and screws of through extended iliofemoral approach.ResultsThe mean follow-up time of all patients was 26.7 months (range,14-37months).The quality of reduction was grade as anatomical in 8 patients,imperfect in 3,poor in 1 by Matta's score system.The fracture union was uneventful.There was nonunion and loss of internal fixation.At the final follow-up,the mean score was 16.8 (range,11-18),7 cases were graded as excellent,4 good,1 fair,according to modified Merle d'Aubigne and Postel score system.Heterotopic ossification and traumatic osteoarthritis were recorded in 1 patient.ConclusionGood clinical results can be achieved by anatomical reduction and rigid fixation through optimal approach.

Objective To explore the incidence and clinical significance of corona mortis vessels.Methods From December 2015 to December 2017,48 patients with pelvic acetabular fractures were treated with the Stoppa approach,including 36 males and 12 females,aged 30 to 67 years,with an average age of 47.2±8.2 years.There were 52 sides of hemipelvis in the all including 44 cases of unilateral pelvic acetabular fractures and 4 cases of bilateral pelvic acetabular fractures.In the 48 patients,there were 6 pelvic fractures,40 acetabular fractures and 2 pelvic combined with acetabular fractures.According to Judet-Letournel classification:there were 6 cases of anterior column fracture,4 cases of anterior column with anterior wall fracture,2 cases of anterior column with posterior transverse fracture,4 cases of transverse fracture,6 cases of "T" shape fracture and 20 cases of double column fracture.According to Tile classification,there were 2 cases of B1 type,2 cases of B3 type,2 cases of C1 type,and 2 cases of C2 type.The time from injury to surgery was 5 to 16 days,with an average of 8.3±2.8 days.All patients were treated with the Stoppa approach for reduction and fixation.The incidence,number and type of corona mortis vessels across the superior pubic branch,and the diameter and the distance between the vessels and the pubic symphysiswere detected and recorded.Results In the 52 hemi pelvis,there were 46 sides with an anastomotic blood vessel,and no anastomotic blood vessel was found in 6 sides,with the incidence of corona mortis vessels of 88.5％ (46/52).Among them,36 cases were venous type,with the incidence of 78.3％ (36/46);8 cases were arterial type,with the incidence of 17.4％ (8/46);2 cases were mixed type,with the incidence of 4.3％(2/46);corona mortis venous blood vessel diameter was 1.8-3.7 mm,with an average of 2.9±0.5 mm;arterial blood vessel diameter was 2.4-3.0 mm,with an average of 2.7±0.3 mm;the distance between the vessels and the pubic symphysis was 48-71 mm,with an average of 56.9±5.8 mm.Conclusion The corona mortis vessels are common,with the incidence through Stoppa approach about 88.5％.In the clinical treatment of pelvic acetabular fractures,we should pay attention to careful separation of pubic branches exposed by the Stoppa approach,especially when using ilioinguinal approach to avoid corona mortis vessels injury and haemorrhage.

Objective To explore the application value of external fixator in obsolete hip dislocation.Methods Retrospective analysis of 9 cases of obsolete hip dislocation treated with external fixator from January 2010 to January 2017.There were 6 males and 3 females,with an average of 32.0±8.3 years old (range 19-47).The time from injury to operation was 3-9 months,with an average of 6.2± 1.9 months.The patient's limb shortening length,traction time,traction length,operation time,surgical bleeding volume,preoperative and last follow-up VAS score,Epstein score,D'Aubigne functional score were recorded.Results The length of the limb shortened 5-11cm,with an average of 6.7±2.0 cm.The preoperative traction time ranged 20-45 d,with an average of 26.9±8.2 d.The length of traction ranged 5-12 cm,with an average of 7.1±2.2 cm.The second reconstruction operation time was 2.0-4.0 hours,with an average of 2.8±0.7 h.The bleeding volume was 800-2 000ml,with an average of 1 216.7±422.8 ml.The Epstein score at the last follow-up was excellent in 4 cases,good in 4 cases and improved in 1 case.The preoperative VAS score and the final follow-up VAS score were 0.9±0.8 points and 4.6±0.9 points respectively.There was a significant difference between preoperative and postoperative VAS scores (t=8.981,P=0.000).The D'Aubigne functional scores of preoperative and final follow-up were 5.2±1.0 points and 13.1±2.0 points respectively and the difference was statistically significant (t=-12.044,P=0.000).Conclusion The external fixation in the treatment of obsolete dislocation of the hip is helpful and accepted in patients with femoral head dislocation.It is easy to carry and tract for patients and convenient for functional exercise.The external fixation makes operation simple and flexible;the traction force is strong and the effect of the femoral head reduction is obvious,the operation method is simplified and the quality of the reduction is improved.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of tibiocalcaneal arthrodesis using bone transport technique in the treatment of traumatic talus infection or loss. Methods A retrospective case series study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 15 patients with talus infection or loss admitted to the provincial hospital affiliated to Shandong University from June 2011 to October 2017. There were 13 males and two females, aged from 19 to 47 years, with an average age of 27 years. Thirteen patients had talus infection and two patients had talus loss. All patients underwent tibiocalcaneal fusion with external fixator using bone transport technique, including four patients treated with annular external fixator and 11 with unilateral external fixator. Six patients with severe infection underwent debridement at stage I and osteotomy at stage II, and the other nine underwent debridement and osteotomy at the same time. The length of new bone, the fixation time of external fixator and complications were recorded. The American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society ( AOFAS ) score was used to evaluate the efficacy. Results All patients were followed up for 18-35 months, with an average of 26 months. The length of new bone in proximal tibial osteotomy area was 5-16 cm, with an average of 9 cm. The external fixators were removed after bone healing at docking site and maturation of new bone. The fixation time of external fixator ranged from 13 to 27 months, with an average of 18 months. No complications such as needle breakage, recurrence of infection and calcaneal varus occurred, and the length of both lower limbs was equal. AOFAS score was increased from preoperative (42. 0 ± 3. 6)points (31-55 points) to (76. 0 ± 4. 2)points (69-86 points ) at the last follow-up. Conclusion Tibiocalcaneal arthrodesis using bone transport technique is proved to be effective in treating traumatic talus infection or loss, which can repair the bone defect after debridement, improve the ankle-hindfoot function and improve the quality of life.

Objective:To explore the clinical effect of open reduction in the treatment of Tile C pelvic fracture combined with acetabular fracture in a specific sequence.Methods:Retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 53 patients with Tile C type pelvic fracture combined with acetabular fracture from January 2014 to January 2019, and were divided into specific sequence group and non-specific sequence group according to the sequence of intraoperative reduction. A total of 29 cases were observed in the specific sequence group, including 20 males and 9 females; aged 43.8±14.8 years old (18-71 years), and the fractures were reduced in the sequence of "inside and out, then up and down" during the operation. There were 24 cases in the non-specific sequence group, including 14 males and 10 females; aged 44.4±14.7 years old (18-69 years), and fracture reduction was not performed in this sequence during the operation. According to the type of pelvic and acetabular fracture injury, we choose the appropriate position and surgical approach. After open reduction, the fracture was fixed with internal plants. The intraoperative blood loss, operation time, visual analogue scale (VAS) score were compared between the two groups. The quality of fracture reduction was evaluated by Matta score, pelvic fracture function recovery was evaluated by Majeed score, and acetabular fracture was evaluated by hip joint modified Merle d'Aubigné-Postel score.Results:There was no statistically significant difference in general data between the two groups before operation ( P>0.05), which was comparable. The intraoperative blood loss of the specific sequence group and the non-specific sequence group were 1 031.1±513.7 and 1 406.3±738.1 ml, and the operation time was 3.5±1.0 and 4.8±1.4 h; The differences between the two groups were statistically significant ( P<0.05). 53 patients were followed up for 14.8±1.6 months (12-18 months) after operation. The average postoperative VAS scores of specific sequence group and non-specific sequence group were 1.3±1.1 and 1.5±1.3 respectively, and there was no statistically significant difference. The effectiveness of the pelvic fracture Matta score standard was evaluated in the specific sequence group: excellent in 22 cases, good in 5 cases, fair in 2 cases, excellent and good rate was 93.1%; non-specific sequence group excellent in 10 cases, good in 6 cases, fair in 5 cases, poor in 3 cases, excellent and good rate was 66.7%, the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Matta score of acetabular fracture: 21 cases were excellent in specific sequence group, 5 cases were good, 3 cases were poor, excellent and good rate was 89.7%; 9 cases were excellent in non-specific sequence group, 8 cases were good, 7 cases were poor, excellent and good rate was 70.8 %, the difference is statistically significant ( P<0.05). The results of the last follow-up pelvic fractures were evaluated by Majeed score: 20 cases were excellent in the specific sequence group, 7 were good, 2 were fair, excellent and good rate was 93.1%; 10 were excellent in the non-specific sequence group, 5 were good, 5 were fair, and 4 were poor, excellent and good rate was 62.5%, the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). At the last follow-up, the modified Merle d'Aubigné-Postel score was used to evaluate the efficacy: 20 cases were excellent in the specific sequence group, 5 were good, 4 were fair, the excellent and good rate was 86.2%; In the non-specific sequence group, 9 cases were excellent, 7 cases were good, 4 cases were fair, and 4 cases were poor, excellent and good rate was 66.7%, the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). During the follow-up period, none of the patients in the two groups developed fracture nonunion, heterotopic ossification, iatrogenic neurovascular injury, and femoral head necrosis. Trauma arthritis occurred in 4 patients in the non-specific sequence group. Conclusion:"Inside and out, then up and down" sequential reduction of Tile C pelvis combined with acetabular fracture can significantly shorten the operation time and reduce the amount of intraoperative blood loss. The surgical procedure is reasonable, which helps to improve the quality of fracture reduction and promote the functional recovery of patients.