s Objective To observe the changes in the expression of ?-amyloid precursor protein (?-APP) in selected brain areas in early stage of diffuse axonal injury (DAI) in rats. Methods DAI was induced in SD rats by a self-made rotating injury device. 16 rats in injury group were sacrificed by decapitation at 3 hours and 6 hours post-trauma, while the other 8 rats in sham injury group were put to death after 24 hours. The samples of the rat brain were stained with ?-APP for immunohistochemistry in order to detect the early stage pathological changes in subcortex white matter, hippocampus, corpus callosum and brain stem at different time points. Results The ?-APP expression was positive at 3 hours and was particularly strong at 6 hours after injury. The results of semi-quantitative analysis showed a significant differentiation of 3 hours and 6 hours in the immuno-positive expression of brain stem, corpus callosum and hippocampus. Histological results demonstrated that DAI occurred in all rats of injury group. Conclusion ?-APP is a kind of sensitive and useful immunochemical marker for early DAI diagnosis, and it indicates axonal lesion or breakage.

Objective To explore the formation of intravascular microthrombosis in the brain after traumatic brain injury in rat in order to study the potentially causal linkage between thrombosis and post-traumatic cerebral ischemia. Methods Lateral fluid percussion injury (FPI) model was reproduced in the present study to prodace acute brain injury in rats. The rats were sacrificed at 12, 24, 72 hours and 7days after traumatic brain injury. Sham-injured animals received identical craniotomy without FPI. Pathological studies were performed to study the distribution and severity of intravascular microthrombosis in the brain. The difference in the severity of intracerebral thrombosis between groups was evaluated. Results Abundant fibin thrombi were found in all injured rats as compared with the controls (P

Objective To evaluate the cardiac function changing before and after resection of pituitary tumor in patients with pituitary adenoma complicated with dilated cardiomyopathy with retrospective analysis method.Methods The clinical data of 14 cases of patients with pituitary adenoma complicated with dilated cardiomyopathy,treated with resection of pituitary tumor,in PLA General Hospital,from 2005 to 2011,were collected and analyzed.Comparative analysis of cardiac function were made in these patients before and after the surgery,also with the postoperative recovery status,using echocardiography and other noninvasive detection means to detect the growth hormone ( GH),left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD),septal thickness (ST),left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWT),left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) values.Results After the resection of pituitary tumor,the LVEDD,ST,LVPWT,LVEF levels were all significantly better than that before the surgery.Before the surgery the GH,ST,LVPWT,LVEF levels were 93.89 μg/L,11.13 mm,43.92％ and 10.53 mm,while those after the surgery were 5.16 μg/L,10.64 mm,49.28％ and 8.87 mm.The difference of the GH level before and after the surgery was correlated with the difference of ST,LVEDD and LVEF in a linear manner.Conclusions Recection of pituitary tumor can significantly improve the cardiac function in patients with pituitary adenoma complicated with dilated cardiomyopathy,and the cardiac function improving level is correlated with the difference of GH levels before and after the surgery.

Objective To establish a simple and reliable method for primary culture and purification of embryonic dorsal root ganglion neurons. Methods Dorsal root ganglions (DRG) from rat embryos were isolated under microscope and dissociated in trypsin. The dissociated neurons were treated with 5-fluorouracil for purification. Immunocytochemistry was performed by double staining with anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide and anti-NF200 antibodies to evaluate the purification rate of DRG neurons. Results Isolated and cultured DRG neurons survived and grew nicely in the basis medium for neurons, and the purified rate of DRG neurons could reach to around 93%. Conclusion The above method is very useful to obtain dorsal root ganglion neurons and to purify the neuronal population.

Objective To explore the potential mechanism of efficacy of imipramine treatment in the regeneration of hippocampus neuron after traumatic brain injury in rat.Methods Lateral hydraulic battering injury(HBI)was used to induce acute brain injury in rats.Forty male SD rats were randomly assigned to four groups:HBI with imipramine treatment group,HBI without treatment group,sham injury with imipramine treatment group and sham injury without treatment group.Animals of all the four groups were sacrificed for histological evaluation two months after treatment.Proliferating cells and neurons in hippocampus were counted and compared between groups.Results Proliferating cells and neurons were found to be obviously increased in all injured rats compared with sham injured animals(P

The aim was to look for the method for getting highly purified population and large amount of Schwann cells from the newborn rats. Sciatic nerves from 1～3 days old SD rats were taken out . The Schwann cells were cultured and purified by modified repeated explanation, and fibroblastic cells were removed by rapid trysinization , differential adhesion and anti mitosis methods. The Schwann cells were identified by indirect immunocytochemistry with mouse anti S 100 protein McAb. The result showed that the purity of Schwann cells was more than 95%, and the cells were in a good state. It is considered that the methods are simple and convenient , and a great number of highly purified Schwann cells can be acquired by them.

To assess the indication, intraoperative monitoring with selective shunting and surgical outcomes of carotid endarterectomy for patients with contralateral carotid occlusion, the clinical manifestations, imaging data, surgical methods and results of 16 patients were analysed retrospectively. It was verified that the surgical risk of these patients was not as high as prediction,satisfactory results coold be achieved with intraoperative monitoring, selective shunting and skilled surgical techniques. It is reasonable to offer the following typical treatment examples: Carotid endarterectomy should be performed for patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis irrespective of the contralateral carotid occlusion, while medical therapy should be maintained for patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis and contralateral carotid occlusion. maintained. If the asymptomatic stenosis is found to be progressing in noninvasive testing, then a prophylactic endarterectomy should be considered.

Exposure of the distal internal carotid artery is very important and difficult in carotid endarterectomy for patients with high bifurcations or extension of the atherosclerotic plaque into the distal internal carotid artery. Exposure techniques are introduced based on the surgical experiences of 28 cases.

Objective To establish an in vitro cell co-culture model that simulates the transplantation environment in vivo ,and to investigate the effect of primary cells from neonatal cortex on the differentiation of PC12 cells. Methods PC12 cells were transfected with pEGFP-N1 vector to express green fluorescent protein (GFP) stably,then these cells were transplanted into primary neurons and glial cells from neonatal cortex. Cultures with PC12 cells alone constituted the control group. Nerve growth factor (NGF) was added into all the other cultures to induce neuronal differentiation of the PC12 cells. Neurite outgrowth of the neuronal PC12 cells was observed with laser confocal microscopy. Results Comparing with the control group,the PC12 cells co-cultured with primary neurons and glial cells showed higher differentiation rate (57.13% to 67.77%,P

Objective To determine whether cyclosporin A(CsA) could exert neuroprotective effects after diffuse axonal injury (DAI) in the rat. Methods Twenty four SD rats were randomly assigned into three groups: non injur group ( n =8); control brain injury group ( n =8), in which normal saline was given; and experimental group ( n =8), the injured rats were treated with CsA. The beam balance test device and Morris water maze were used to test for balance and cognitive performance. Results Control brain injury animals displayed severe defects in balance and cognitive performande after diffuse axonal injury. Compared with control brain injury animals, rats treated with CsA displayed better motor performance in beam balance tests and improved learning ability in the Morris water maze. Conclusions It is demonstrated that CsA exhibits substantial neuroprotective activity in a rat model of DAI. These findings support that CsA is a useful therapeutic agent in the treatment of DAI.