AIM: It is tested that the suppressive effects of (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG ) on the migration, invasion and RhoA expression of human lung carcinoma 95-D cells and B16BL6 melanoma cells invasion in vivo,which will possibly help to understand the molecular mechanisms by which EGCG inhibits the invasion of tumor cells. METHODS: The inhibitory effect of EGCG on the migration of 95-D cells was tested by cell migration assay. Cell invasion was analyzed by the matrigel invasion assay. Assay of tumor metastasis in an animal model, RT-PCR and Western blot analysis of expression of RhoA was also performed. RESULTS:EGCG was effective in inhibiting the migration of 95-D cells in a dose-dependent manner. EGCG dose-dependently inhibited 95-D cells invasion in vitro and 40 μmol·L-1 EGCG exhibited 79.9% inhibition and EGCG 50 mg·kg-1·d-1 for 3 weeks inhibited B16BL6 melanoma cells invasion by 71.7% in vivo. EGCG could down-regulate the expression of RhoA. CONCLUSION: EGCG strongly inhibits metastasis of 95-D cells, and the mechanism of EGCG is possible associated with the inhibition of RhoA expression.

BACKGROUND:Gastric cancer mesenchyal stem cel s from clinical stomach cancer specimens and tumorigenic tissues in nude mice are similar to the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s in biological characteristics, which have been proved to be an important component of tumor microenvironment to promote tumor growth. It is speculated that biological characteristic of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s may change in stomach cancer microenvironment. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of stomach cancer microenvironment on morphology and proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s and expressions of CD34 and CD44. METHODS:Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s were cultured alone as control group. In the test group, rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s were co-cultured with human stomach cancer BGC-823 cel s using Transwel chamber assay to establish the stomach cancer microenvironment. Then, cel morphology, proliferation, cel cycle and CD34, CD44 expressions were observed and detected using inverted phase contrast microscope, MTT assay, and flow cytometry, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In the test group, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s were similar to human stomach cancer cel s BGC-823 that arranged disorderly and irregularly, were interconnected loosely, became thinner and longer, and grew in clusters with smal er nuclei. The cel proportion in G 1 phase significantly decreased, but that in S and G 2/M phases significantly increased (P<0.01, P<0.05). The positive rate of CD44 significantly declined, and the CD34 expression significantly raised (P<0.01). In conclusion, stomach cancer microenvironment by non-contact co-culture with BCG-823 cel s has an obvious effect on the morphology, proliferation and surface antigens expressions of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s that wil tend to be malignant gastric cancer cel s.

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of core needle biopsy (CNB) in diagnosing breast masses and its coherence with immunohistochemical (IHC) examination results of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and Her2 protein between pre-and post-chemotherapy in invasive breast cancer. Methods The results of 516 CNB cases from June, 2005 to April, 2008 were analyzed retrospectively. The pathological examination was performed by two pathologists independently. Results 484 cases of malignant tumor, carcinoma in situ and phyllodes tumor were found in this group with the sensitivity of 96.7%. Sixteen cases of false negative (3. 3% ) were demonstrated by surgical biopsy. The accurate rate of CNB was not influenced by the maximum diameter of masses ( P = O. 423 ). The agreement rate of IHC results of ER, PgR and Her2 between pre- and post-chemotherapy were 90. 3%, 76. 8% and 82.5%, respectively. Conclusion CNB is a useful diagnostic method with a satisfactory accuracy in any size of breast masses. Given the histological heterogeneity of invasive breast cancer and the influence of ehemotherapy, the coherence of prechemotherapy IHC for ER, PgR and Her2 is not optimal with that of post-chemotherapy.

Objective To study the expressions and significance of MRP and LRP in HCC. Methods The expressions of two genes were examined in three tissues (54 cases of HCC, 24 para cancer and 12 posthepatitis cirrhosis tissues) by SP immunohistochemical and PCR techniques. Results MRP and LRP were expressed in three tissues, with significantly higher rates in HCC than others (P

Objective To compare the accuracy and clinical effect between X-ray stereotactic vacuum-assisted biopsy (SVAB) and metal wire guided lumpectony.Methods From January 2010 to June 2014,681 cases of breast micro-calcification biopsy were performed.Among them,78 cases were performed with SVAB and 603 eases were performed with the method of stereotaetic metal wire guided lumpectomy.All cases were non-palpable breast lesions (NPBLs) and breast imaging-reporting and data system (BI-RADS) assessment categories 4.The diagnostic accuracy and clinical effect were compared.Results The sensitivity of both methods was 100 ％ with no misdiagnosis.The underestimation rate of SVAB was 12.5 ％.Compared with the method of metal wire guided lumpectomy,SVAB had many advantages,such as easy to use,quickly performed,low rate of local deformation and lower rate of operative complications.77.5 ％ patients benefited from SVAB by avoiding open surgery of benign disease.Conclusions SVAB is an accurate,safe and convenient method of biopsy.It can be recommended as the preferred method of micro-calcification (BI-RADS 4).Additional operation should be performed on patients with the pathological diagnosis of middle and high grade of dysplasia and any kind of carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the risk factors of diabetic retinopathy(DR)in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and establish the related prediction model.Methods A total of 426 elderly T2DM patients admitted to the Endocrinology Department of our hospital from January 2021 to March 2023 were enrolled in this study and divided into DR group(n=104)and T2DM group(n=322)according to the occurrence of DR.Results The DM duration≥10 years,hypertension,DPN,smoking,HbA1c,SUA,and high myopia were higher in the DR group than in the T2DM group(P<0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that DR was positively correlated with DM duration≥10 years,HbA1c,hypertension,DPN,smoking,SUA and high myopia in elderly T2DM patients(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that DM duration≥10 years,HbA1c,hypertension,DPN,smoking history,SUA,and high myopia were risk factors for DR in elderly T2DM patients.The analysis of the working characteristic curve of the subjects showed that the area under the curve for the occurrence of DR in elderly T2DM patients was 0.863,with a sensitivity of 78.8%and a specificity of 81.1%.Conclusions The duration of diabetes≥10 years,hypertension,DPN,smoking,HbA1c,SUA and high myopia are risk factors for the occurrence of DR in elderly patients with T2DM.The prediction model of DR has good accuracy in elderly patients with T2DM.

T,and 916-917 ins G were SLC26A4 mutations unreported hitherto, which may be specific to the Chinese population. CONCLUSION The EVA syndrome is a typical autosomal recessivehereditary disease caused by mutations in SLC26A4 gene. Genetic testing of SLC26A4 is the one of the important diagnostic methods for EVA syndrome.

Objective:To compare the anti-androgenic effect of cyproterone acetate (CPA) and spironolactone (SPL) on male-to-female transsexuals.Methods:From January 2012 to September 2021, 185 male-to-female transsexuals (95 using CPA and 90 using SPL) who visited the Peking University Third Hospital and under stable medication for ≥3 months were enrolled, aged 16 to 40 (23±5) years. General information and laboratory indicators of the last visit were collected for a cross-sectional study.Results:The median doses of antiandrogens in the CPA group and SPL group were 25 mg/d and 80 mg/d, respectively. And the median dose of oral estradiol valerate in both groups was 2 mg/d. Testosterone level in the CPA group was significantly lower than the SPL group [0.7 (0.7-1.5) nmol/L vs. 13.2(6.7-18.4) nmol/L, U= 6 970.500, P<0.001]. The CPA group also had better subjective effects on testicular atrophy, erection decrease, body hair decrease, skin softening and figure feminization (all P<0.05). The prolactin level of CPA group was significantly higher than that of SPL group [21.5 (12.6-30.1) ng/ml vs. 11.9 (7.7-20.0) ng/ml, U= 2 053.500, P<0.001]. Conclusions:CPA has a more significant effect on lowering testosterone levels than SPL, and is better than SPL in terms of testicular atrophy, erection decrease, body hair decrease, skin softening and figure feminization, albeit with a potentially higher risk of hyperprolactinemia.

Objective:To investigate the application value and clinical effect of tissue expansion in post-mastectomy breast reconstruction.Methods:From January 2013 to May 2019, 173 patients (38.2±8.0 years old) with body mass index (BMI) of (21.5±2.1) kg/m 2 were treated in Peking University Third Hospital. There were 76 cases on the right side and 97 cases on the left side; 8 cases underwent nipple sparing mastectomy, and 165 cases underwent modified radical mastectomy; 150 cases received chemotherapy and 9 cases received radiotherapy. In the first stage, immediate or delayed chest wall soft tissue expansion was performed. In the second stage, implant replacement, autologous tissue transplantation, or the combination of these two methods was performed to complete the breast reconstruction. All patients were followed up and the clinical effect was evaluated by Harris evaluation method. Results:Among 173 cases, 95 cases were provided immediate reconstruction, and 78 cases were applied delayed reconstruction. The period of tissue expansion was (7.7±3.2) months. During the second stage of reconstruction, implant exchange was conducted in 105 cases, 48 cases received implant exchange with autologous fat injection, 17 cases were performed implant exchange with endoscopy-assisted latissimus dorsi muscle transfer, and 3 cases were applied deep inferior epigastric perforator flap (DIEP) transplantation. The average follow-up time was 12.6 months (3.5-41.0 months). One patient had local tumor recurrence, and the implant was finally removed. The reconstruction effects were evaluated by Harris method, which showed that 23 cases had excellent appearance, 129 cases were good, 13 cases were fair, 7 cases were poor, and 88.4% (152/172) patients were good or above.Conclusions:Tissue expansion plays an important role as a transfer station in post-mastectomy breast reconstruction. In the second stage, the breast reconstruction method can be flexibly selected. Tissue expansion has a wide range of indications, and is especially suitable for immediate post-mastectomy breast reconstruction. Good result can be obtained by using this technique.