Introduction: According to the report of World Health Organization and International Society of Hypertension, an estimated 17.5 million people died from cardiovascular diseases in 2005 representing 30% of all global deaths, 1.5 billion people had hypertension and 45% of hypertensive people were unaware of their condition in 2007. In our country, prevalence of hypertension and its risk factors are studied, but prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension that is an important criterion of hypertension control, and its influencing factors is not reported yet. Goal: The aim of our study is to evaluate prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension and to determine its some influencing factors.Materials and Methods: It was population based, cross sectional, prospective study. Participants of the study were selected by randomized method. In the study, 1111 individuals that live in Bayanzurkh and Songinokhairkhan districts of Ulaanbaatar city are participated. The study based on questionnaire and BP measurement which aimed to reveal:• Hypertension unawareness• Untreated• Treated and uncontrolledStatistical analysis was performed by using SPSS 17.0 program.Results: In the study, in total 1111 people aged ≥18 years have been involved. Mean age of all participant was 40.58±16.10 and 63.2% of them were female. We estimated that 38.4% of the population had hypertension and 28.3% of those were unaware their hypertension (unawareness). Among aware population, untreated population percent were 42.1%. We determined that age, sex, education level and visiting to physicians can be risk factors of uncontrolled hypertension.Conclusion: Of the estimated 1111 people with hypertension 28.3% were unaware of their hypertension, 29.5% were aware of their condition but were not being treated, 33.7% were being treated but their hypertension remained uncontrolled and only 8.4% were taking medications that controlled their hypertension. Factors such as young age, male gender, and not measuring BP for the last one year influence negatively on uncontrolled hypertension (p<0.005).

Background According to the report of World Congress of Cardiology in 2007, 1.5 billion people had hypertension and 45% of hypertensive people were unaware of their condition. In our country, some study had provided estimation of risk factors and prevalence of hypertension, but main characteristics presenting the early detection and control of hypertension have not been studied well and information does not exist.The quality of the control, registration and early detection of hypertension will be improved by studying this topic and complications and mortality due to the hypertension could be decreased.GoalThe aim of our study is to evaluate the current situation of the early detection, registration and control of hypertension, and to describe future strategyObjectives:1. To describe the hypertension awareness and risk factors associated with early detection of hypertension2. To evaluate the current situation of registration system of hypertension and to find out the strategies for renewing registration system3. To investigate the rates of the treatment and control of hypertension, and to survey factors associated with the control of hypertensionMaterials and MethodIt was population based, cross sectional, prospective study. Participants of the study were selected by randomized method.In the study, 1103 individuals, 133 physicians and 2 family hospitals located in Bayanzurkh, Songinokhairkhan districts, were surveyed. The study based on questionnaire and BP measurement which aimed to reveal:• Hypertension awareness (%)• Treatment (%)• Control (%)Software program name: Arterial hypertension registration and control Objectives of the program: to evaluate registration of arterial hypertension, to detect earlier, to determine control level of hypertension Users: family hospitals, family doctorsType of morbidity registration: population basedStatistical analysis was performed with SPSS-17 software program. Single- and multi-factorial analysis was explored by using simple and logistic regression and significance.ResultsIn the study, in total, 1103 people aged of ≥18 years living in Bayanzurkh and Songinokharkhan districts of Ulaanbaatar, have been involved. 37% of all participants were male and 63% were female and mean age of all participants was 40.6±16.1. According to our study, 305 individuals of 431 hypertensive participants (70.8%) were aware of their hypertension. This result was different in gender: 58.0% in male, 79.0% in female. Our research team created software program that can integrate all hypertension data to one database. We are planning to determine unawereness; aware and treated; treated and controlled; and uncontrolled levels by using this software and to introduce the program created by us to all primary level physicians in order to use routinely.Conclusions:1. Among hypertensive individuals, awareness of hypertension was 70.8%. Factors such as young age (<35), single people and not measuring BP for the last one year influence negatively on early detection of hypertension (p<0.05).2. Current method of hypertension registration is not proper at the time. Therefore, we concluded that renewing of the arterial hypertension registration database and conversion it into electronic type is convenient to control arterial hypertension and to provide integration.3. Treatment level of arterial hypertension was 39.9%, controlled arterial hypertension among all hypertensive population - 10.2% and among treated population – 25.2%.

Introduction Currently nations throughout the world are studying and disseminating their traditional medicine and Mongolians create new trend and attitude of medical care and service besides resuming their great heritage and culture of traditional medicine. World Health Organization recommends countries to develop their traditional medicine linking with modern science of medicine, based on particular surveys and analyses are conducted. However, the basic concept for developing Mongolian traditional medicine have been developed and implemented twice, “Government policy on Mongolian traditional medicine”, studies plan of united theory of traditional and modern medicines in master plan for developing Mongolian science and technology studies plan, “Master Plan for health sector” – the policy renovation for 2006-2015, “The frame of implementing master plan for health sector” (2006 2010) and other documents have been developing and implementing since 1990s but lack of studies on whether effective influences of traditional medicines to which stages and to which clinical symptom of dominated diseases among population and whether the traditional medical care meets with customers’ demand are considered as burning issues in determining the further development of traditional medicine. As well as, there are lots of issues that have not been studied and determined yet as diagnosis of traditional medicine, clinical and preventive guidelines and standards have not been developed, have not been involved in united system of health information, structural and operational management of institutions that hold traditional medical care and demands of medical care and professional staffs of traditional medicine. Aim of the study: To study and evaluate the current situation of Mongolian traditional medicine as well as determine trends in future. Purposes of the study: 1. To study the historical periods of the development of Mongolian traditional medicine that have been 01/01 developed since 1921 when health sector initiated in Mongolia. 2. To study Mongolian traditional medical service service by health care levels. 3. To study and to determine the human resource demand and capacity of medical care of traditional medicine. 4. To develop the management model of showing medical care of traditional medicine and health systems based on coherences of western and oriental medicines. Materials and methods This study observed the population criteria of patients who were treated in hospitals, hospital service levels, methods of diagnosis and treatment, common diagnose causes, types of treatment and the results of treatment in order to study the implementation of hospital service of Mongolian Traditional Medicine. The study was conducted in 3 different levels of hospitals: as a primary level hospital Umnudelger soum hospital, Khentii aimag /province/ was chosen, as a secondary level hospital we selected Center for Traditional Medicine of Khentii province, as a tertiary level hospital we chose the clinical hospital of Traditional Medicine, Science, Technology and Production Corporation (CHTMCST). We investigated aid and service information of Traditional Medicine obtained from 952 histories of patients who were treated in hospitals in 2006 and 2007. Analysis was made on policy documents by using analyzing and integrating related document. The study data were developed by making descriptive analysis on digital information, raising related hypothesis, checking it with statistical tests and processing in results. Research data was processed by Microsoft Excel 2007, statistical data was performed by SPSS-12.0 program and descriptive analysis was performed in quantitative information. Result By concluding the activities organized and implemented nationally on the field of traditional medicine for the period since 1921 when health system in Mongolia initiated, it could be considered to divide into stages as, beginning period of developing Mongolian traditional medicine in coexistence with modern health science (1921-1930), deprived period of Mongolian traditional medicine from national service (1930-1958), restoring period of developing Mongolian traditional medicine (1959-1999) and the ensured period of Mongolian traditional medicine as a composition of health science system (1999 up now). It was determined that the percentage of female patients is more than twice (2.3) higher (63.7%) in contrast with male patients (30.1) in all three-level hospital aid. It means in each level of three level hospitals female patients were more in number. Surprisingly, 80.9% of the patients’ age was over 35 and from them 44.7% was at their pension age. This age group is rapidly predominant compared with others. In chosen hospitals patients with diseases and disorders of digestive, urinary-genital, nervous and blood circulation systems are cured commonly. In three-level hospitals examining patients using methods of traditional medicine was differed (p=0.01). In doubled number, 401 or 42.1% of doctors combines both modern and traditional methods of treatment (95% trust limit 42.1+0.017). We investigated if types of treatment depend on the level of hospitals in urban and rural areas by x 2 criteria and concluded that it had statistical significance or the percentage of treatment types went up if the level increased (p

BackgroundThere are 137 soums of 17 provinces have plague foci in Mongolia. The 51.7% of them is case, 23.4%- low, 9.5% - high, 0.7% - hyper active. Main host of plague foci is marmot in Mongolia. According last20 year’s surveillance study, about 75.5% of Y.pestis was isolated from marmot, marmot carcassesand their flea. Human plague cases has been caused illegal hunting marmot in Mongolia. Even legaldocument which prohibited marmot hunting was appeared since 2005, people has been hunting marmotfor selling marmot meat, skin and other products. It is depends economy crises and other public issues inMongolia. Also influenced increase risk of human plague and being reverse result in plague preventionactivities.Materials and MethodsStudy was used data of rodent for zoonotic diseases suspicious which tested plague in National centerfor zoonotic disease (NCZD) in 2005-2015 and 13 local center for zoonotic diseases in 1988-2015. Datawas kept in NCZD and National archival authority. For mapping we used Arc View 3.2.ResultsTotally 397 event information of suspicious rodents and other animals was received in NCZD from 8 districtsof Ulaanbaatar city in 2002-2015. Most of information was received from Songinokhairkhan-64.2%district and smallest number was from Nalaikh district-0.3%. 92.2% of them were marmot, 0.1% of themwere marmot raw products for treatment purpose. Totally 1285 animal samples were tested by plaguedisease and the result was negative. Five hundred thirty tree marmots were carried to Ulaanbaatar from10 provinces. In that time plague foci were active and Y.pestis was isolated in provinces which marmotwas carried to Ulaanbaatar.In 1988-2015, totally 257 marmots and animals of 515 event information was received in15 provinces.Including 13.2% of them were birds, 84% of them marmot, 1.6% of them were livestock, 1.2% of themother animals. About 216 marmots were tested by plague. 51.2% of them were detected positive results.We develop conclusion based laboratory investigation result even it need high cost to take earlyprevention and response measures.Conclusion1. It is high risk to spread plague by carrying suspicious animal in urban area. Therefore, it is importantto take early response measures even it high cost. In further, increase cost and support rapid test ofhigh technology.2. To organize rational advertisement and increase knowledge of population about not doing illegalhunting, not selling marmot raw products in urban area, not using marmot raw products for treatmentuse and avoid contact with marmot carcasses.3. It is important to cooperate joint response measures with policeman, inspection agency andveterinary and human health sectors in Mongolia.

BackgroundIgA nephropathy and MPGN are common glomerulonephritis in the world that progresses slowly andrenal function can even remain unchanged for decades. Clinically, it presents by isolated hematuria,proteinuria. Histologically, IgA nephropathy presents with acute glomerular damage, mesangial cellproliferation, endocapillary leucocyte infiltration, and crescent formations, these lesions can undergoresolution with sclerotic healing. Since 2013, renal biopsy has been done at the First Central Hospitalof Mongolia a few times. However, the confirmative diagnosis of IgA nephropathy and MPGN remainunknown in Mongolia by renal biopsy. Therefore, we intended to test renal biopsy techniques andconfirm its diagnosis by renal biopsy at the Second Central Hospital of Mongolia.MethodsUltrasound guided renal biopsy had been done for four patients by nephrologist at the Departmentof Nephrology of the Second Central Hospital of Mongolia. All four specimens were evaluated assatisfactory which show more than 8 glomerulus under the light microscopy. Each renal cortical tissuewas divided into two tips: one piece for routine H&E stain and special stains, including Masson’strichrome, and PAS stain; another piece for immunofluorescence by frozen section, which werestained with IgG, IgM, IgA and complement component 3 (C3). Each case was screened by threepathologists.Results:The case which shows mesengial widening, mesengial hypercellularity under the light microscopyor mesangial granular deposition of IgA and C3 by immunofluorescence was diagnosed as IgAnephropathy. We obtained crescent formation with glomerular adhesion in most cases. In addition, weobserved secondary MPGN in one case, which is caused by hepatitis C virus infection.Conclusion: Probably, it is a new step for developing pathologic diagnosis for nephrology in Mongolia.We needs further study for improving renal biopsy technique and confirming the diagnosis of IgAnephropathy and MPGN using electron microscopy and pathological report by oxford classification forIgA nephropathy.

Background: The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection varies by geographic location, age, race, and socioeconom ic status. Approximately 30% of the population in developed countries, about 70% of the population in developing countries, and around 50% of the global population are infected with Helicobacter pylori. While the prevalence is generally high in developing countries, it is lower in developed countries. Some studies conducted in our country have shown that the prevalence of this infection is high among students and young people. Therefore, we aimed to study the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among students. Aim: “We will study the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among the students of the School of Nursing at MNUMS and compare it with their social, demographic information and clinical symptoms. Materials and Methods: “The study was conducted using a cross-sectional quantitative research design and a random sampling method, involving a total of 62 first-year students from the School of Nursing between November 2023 and March 2024. A questionnaire including social, demographic information and clinical symptoms was used to assess the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection. Blood samples from the participants were tested for antibodies at the Onch Clinical Laboratory. Results: Among the 62 students who participated in our study, a majority 79.0% tested positive for Helicobacter pylori infection. When examining whether this infection was associated with age, gender, or specialty, it was found in 82.1% of those aged 18-20, 81.4% of females, and 87.5% of those studying in specialized programs. However, no statistically significant association was observed when compared to the non-infected group (p>0.05). In terms of clinical symptoms, stomach and epigastric pain was reported in 84.1%, unpleasant taste or bad breath in 88.6%, and occasional vomiting in 83.3% of those with Helicobacter pylori infection all of which were more prevalent in the infected group and showed statistically significant associations (p<0.05). Conclusions Among the 62 participants in the study, the majority, 49 individuals (79.0%), tested positive for Helicobacter pylori infection. The group with Helicobacter pylori infection exhibited a higher prevalence of clinical symptoms, which showed a statistically significant association (p<0.05).

Traditional medicine has been used in the treatment of heatmodels Lider- 7 (Sophora alopecuroides, Gardenia Jasmenoides, Terminalia bellarica, Inula helenum, Terminalia chebula Retz, Lagotisglauca, Gentiana decumbens) acute virulence weighing 25-30 grams of white mouse peritoneal cavity through the study of the preparation, planting using the average fatal dose determined. Byeryezovskayaanalysis is LD50 = 8.9 ±1.2. According to the results of low malignant. Sophora alopecuroides of the heat reduction, wound healing, thigh and anti-rheumatic and bronchial gland secretions to reduce emissions and increase, such as anti- inflammatory and anti-bacterical activity. Inula helenum member of biologically active substances contained in essential fatty alantolakton, anti-bacterical anti-parasite without reduce fever and inflammation activity. Gardenia Jasmenoides CCL4-created by the prevention of chronic liver and ethanol extracts of rats to treat inflammation of the stomach caused effects, and antioxidant. Terminalia bellarica extracted from the seeds of anti-HIV, malariya and antifungals, and anti-bacterial effects. Terminalia chebula Retz pain and antioxidant, and anti-bacterial (Streptococcus mutans, Staphylacoccusaureus, Klebsiela pneumonia) anti- virus (herpes simplex), endothelial cells and virus protection, and blood glucose levels revealed that action. Gentiana decumbens of the antioxidant action of drugs is an important raw material.

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an unknown systemic autoimmune disease that causes multiple tissue and organ damage. Lupus nephritis (LN) was found to occur in 15-30% of the patients with lupus at the time of initial diagnosis and in 30-50% during disease progression. Accurate diagnosis and active treatment can preserve the kidney function of LN patients and delay the process of kidney fibrosis, thus postponing the occurrence and development of end-stage kidney disease (ESRD). The diagnosis of LN is ideally confirmed by histologic findings in a kidney biopsy. Additionally, serum or urine biomarkers such as serum creatinine, urea, and immune-related molecules, such as anti-double-stranded DNA, anticardiolipin, complement components C3, C4, and anti-C1q antibodies. Aim: The information concerning non-invasive, easy, and accurate biomarkers for diagnosis of lupus nephritis. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic significance of cystatin C and complement component 1q antibody for lupus nephritis. Materials and Methods: A study that included 40 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) without LN (non-Lupus group), 40 patients with lupus nephritis (Lupus group) was performed in a hospital based cross-sectional study from May 2022 to August 2024. The serum levels of CysC, Anti-C1q, urea, and creatinine were measured, and estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFRCysC , eGFRcreat , eGFRcomb) were calculated by equations two groups and the CKD-EPI respectively. T-test analysis or Chi-square test was used to compare the differences between the two groups. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was applied to identify the diagnostic efficiencies of individual or combined multiple indicators. Results: 80 patients were recruited, including 5% men and 95% women with a mean age of 35.15±9.57 years (range 17-56 years). The LN group with a mean age of 35.2±9.44 years, non-LN group with a mean age of 35.1 ±9.38 years. The non-LN group clinical manifestation of 47.5% arthritis, 32.5% hematologic system, 10% interstitial lung disease, 7.5% dermatitis, 2.5% central nervous system. The LN group with SLE disease activity index of 85% severe activity, 2.5% moderate activity, 2.5% mild activity. The non-LN group with SLE disease activity index of 7.5% severe activity, 62.5% moderate activity, 20% mild activity, 10% low activity. Significantly elevated Cystatin C and anti-C1q were observed in the LN groups. Cystatin C, creatinine, urea and antiC1q were increased 60% (n=24), 22.5% (n=9), 32.5% (n=13), and 70% (n=28) respectively (P=0.001). eGFRcreat detected chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage of 63.7% normal, 25% mild, and 11.25% moderate stage. eGFRcyst detected chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage of 47.5% normal, 25% mild, 20% moderate, 7.5% severe stage. Conclusion The separately detected cystatin C(eGFRcyst) and antiC1q were superior to the conventional biomarkers Urea, Creat, and eGFRcreat in the diagnosis of lupus nephritis with SLE.

Introduction: Now days in case of two countries’ cooperation has been developing day by day, diversified activities such as collaboration and exchanging experience has been performing in health sector, medical science, besides pharmacology. Methods: This study aimed to compare two countries’ pharmacist’s acquirements and roles and provide information to Mongolian Pharmaceutical Universities and pharmacist students. Pharmaceutical: Statistics :
Population:
  - 3 million in Mongolia
  - 5 million in Korea
Number of pharmacists:
  - 1726 (by 2016) in Mongolia
  - 33182 (by 2016) in Korea
Number of Pharmaceutical Universities
  - 7 universities, including 1 public and 6 private in Mongolia
  - 34 universities, including 10 public and 25 private in Korea Results As a result of this study, pharmacist’s acquirements, role and working sectors of pharmacists in two countries are ordinarily same. There are some different sides below:
  • Period of pharmacist’s preparatory training is 5 years at university in Mongolia and 2+4 years in Korea.
  • Pharmaceutical Universities of Mongolia trains 2 specialists: pharmacist (bachelor`s degree) and pharmacist (diplom`s degree); College of Pharmacy of Korea trains pharmacist, pharmacist of traditional medicine and pharmaceutical engineering.
  • For a role of business, in Mongolia pharmacist (diplom`s degree) is a separate specialist trained with diploma, whereas in Korea, if pharmacist gets a license, they have a right to compound a medicine legally, but commonly in pharmaceutical industry.
  • As for sector, pharmacists are trained in many specializes, such as general pharmacist, clinical pharmacist, military pharmacist, nuclear pharmacist, cancer pharmacist and vet pharmacist.
  • Special legal professional pharmacists work in Korea, such as governmental organization’s pharmacist, civil service pharmacist and public organization’s pharmacist.
  • No person, other than pharmacists or oriental pharmacists may dispense drugs, and pharmacists or oriental pharmacists shall dispense drugs within the limit of the license, respectively: However, students who major in pharmacy at college may dispense drugs within the limits prescribed by Ordinance of the Ministry of Health and Welfare.