There is mounting evidence that vascular pathology plays a role in the initiation and/or progression of the major disease of joints: osteoarthritis(OA).Potential mechanisms are:episodically reduced blood flow through the small vessels in the subchondral bone at the ends of long bones,and related to this,reduced interstitial fluid flow in subchondral bone and compromised nutrient and gas exchange into the articular cartilage,a potential initiator of degradation changes in the cartilage.The second is apoptosis of osteocytes in regions of the subchondral bone,which would initiate osteoclastic resorption of that bone and at least temporarily reduce the bony support for the overlying cartilage.It may be important to recognize these potential aetiological factors in order to develop more effective treatments to inhibit the progression of OA.

Objective To observe the effects of NMDA receptors and nitric oxide (NO) on neural cell adhesion molecule(NCAM) synthesis during hippocampal long term potentiation (LTP) induction in vitro . Methods LTP induction and maintenance were tested by using extracelluar electrophysiological recording. The synthesis of NCAM protein was detected by Western blotting. Results Application of conditioned stimulation induced LTP and a rise in NCAM at 10 min. NCAM protein level continued to rise while LTP remained stably at 60 min. The NMDA receptor inhibitor AP 5 and the NO synthase inhibitor N nitro arginine inhibited the LTP induction and the increase in the NCAM synthesis. Conclusion The changes in NCAM synthesis during hippocampal LTP induction in vitro may be involved in NMDA receptors and NO.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections among five high-risk populations in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, so as to provide insights into improvements in the control strategy for hepatitis C. Methods: The detection of anti-HCV antibody was collected from patients receiving renal dialysis, patients receiving invasive diagnosis and treatment in hospitals, physical examination populations, unpaid blood donors and subjects admitted to family planning clinics in national hepatitis C surveillance sentinels in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2013 to 2021, and the year-, gender- and age-specific prevalence of anti-HCV antibody was analyzed. Results: The mean prevalence of anti-HCV antibody was 2.19%, 1.81%, 0.05%, 0.10% and 0.03% among 3 600 patients receiving renal dialysis, 3 600 patients receiving invasive diagnosis and treatment in hospitals, 18 000 physical examination populations, 18 000 volunteer blood donors and 3 600 subjects admitted to family planning clinics, respectively. The prevalence of anti-HCV antibody appeared a tendency towards a decline among patients receiving renal dialysis (χ2trend=49.065, P<0.001) and volunteer blood donors (χ2trend=11.419, P=0.001). The prevalence of anti-HCV antibody was higher among male patients receiving invasive diagnosis and treatment in hospitals than among females (2.34% vs. 1.36%; χ2=4.826, P=0.028), and no gender-specific prevalence of anti-HCV antibody was seen among other four high-risk populations (all P>0.05). The highest prevalence of anti-HCV antibody was detected among patients receiving renal dialysis (3.30%) and patients receiving invasive diagnosis and treatment in hospitals at ages of 50 to 59 years (3.35%), while the highest prevalence was found among physical examination populations at ages of 60 years and greater (0.18%). Conclusion The prevalence of anti-HCV antibody was high among patients receiving renal dialysis and patients receiving invasive diagnosis and treatment in hospitals and low among physical examination populations, volunteer blood donors and subjects admitted to family planning clinics in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2013 to 2021. Periodical monitoring of anti-HCV antibody is recommended among the elderly.

Aim To investigated the possible effect of COX-2 on the BMP9-induced activation of PI3K/Akt signal in progenitor cells.Methods The activity of alkaline phosphatase(ALP) was measured using histochemical staining or chemiluminescence.The mRNA level of ALP was determined using real-time PCR assay.The protein levels of osteopontin(OPN), osteocalcin(OCN), COX-2, Akt1/2 and phosphorylated Akt1/2 were detected by Western blot.The mRNA level of COX-2 was assayed with RT-PCR, and the mineralization was measured with Alizarin Red staining.Results The ALP activity was apparently increased by BMP9 in C2C12 cells, as well as the protein level of OPN and OCN.The mineralization was also markedly induced by BMP9 in C2C12 cells.BMP9 increased the level of phosphorylated Akt1/2 greatly, although no substantial effect was observed on total protein level of Akt1/2.The BMP9-induced ALP activity was dramatically decreased by the inhibitor of PI3K.The mRNA and protein level of COX-2 were both increased by BMP9 in C2C12cells, and the BMP9-induced ALP activity and mineralization were greatly attenuated by the inhibitor of COX-2.The BMP9-induced phosphorylation level of Akt1/2 was increased by the exogenous expression of COX-2, but decreased by the inhibitor of COX-2.Conclusion Activation of PI3K/Akt signaling may be a critical event in BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation, and this process may be mediated by the BMP9-upregulated COX-2 in stem cells at least.

Objective Research on traumatic the related factors of sleep disorder after traumatic brain injury ,in order to pro-vided the rationale for the diagnosis and treatment .Methods The SPIEGEL was used to evaluate the traumatic brain injury patients who were hospitalized .Recording time in sleep disorders in 3 months .Analysis the relations between the sleep disorders and brain injury site by combining with the patients head CT and MRI .Results Seen in 200 cases of patients with sleep disorders of 105 cases (52 .5% );71 cases appeared in patients within 1 week after waking ,accounted for 76 .19% ;The brain stem ,frontal lobe and basal ganglia injury occurred sleep disorders were more likely(66 .7% ,64 .0% ,70% ) .The difference was statistically significant(P<0 .05) .Conclusion Sleep disorder is a common clinical symptom of mild traumatic brain injury .a time to focus on the patients with-in 1 week after waking ,and closely related to brain stem ,frontal lobe and basal ganglia injury .

Objective To explore the abnormal changeof the polysomnography(PSG) in the patientwith traumatifrontal lobe injury .MethodTotally 16 patientwith traumatifrontal lobe injury accompanying sleep disorde(brain traumgroup) and 20 individualof physical examination (control group) were performed the whole nighPSG .ResultCompared with the control group ,the incubative stage of sleep in the brain traumgroup waprolonged ,while the sleep time and slow wave sleep time were shortened .The rapid eye movemen(REM) time and the periodicity of REM had statistical differencebetween the two group,buthe REM incubative stage ,density and intensity of REM had no statistical differencebetween the two goup.Conclusion The changeof PSG in the patientwith traumatifrontal lobe injury are dominated by the extension of the REM time and the shorten-ing of REM periodicity .

Objective : To investigate the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and syphilis among drug users (DUs) in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Methods : DUs' epidemiological data were collected from 5 national AIDS surveillance sentinels in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 2021 through the National HIV/AIDS Sentinel Surveillance Data Management System, and sexual behaviors, DU behaviors, HIV testing and behavioral interventions were descriptively analyzed. The factors affecting the HCV and syphilis infections were identified among DUs using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results : A total of 2 019 DUs were enrolled, with a mean age of (43.32±9.88) years. Among the participants, there were 1 958 males (96.98%), 1 830 with local registered residence (90.64%), 1 038 with marriage/cohabitation (51.41%), 1 410 with an educational level of junior high school and above (69.84%), and 1 884 with Han Ethnicity (93.36%). There were 1 605 DUs with use of conventional drugs (79.49%), 283 with use of new drugs (14.02%) and 131 with use of mixed drugs (6.49%), and there were 340 DUs with injection drug use (16.84%), including 41 that shared the needles (12.06%). There were 460 DUs with commercial sexual behaviors in the past year (22.78%). The percentage of HCV and syphilis positive was 23.63% and 3.81%, respectively, while no HIV positive case was detected. In addition, multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that age (40 years- , OR=3.747, 95%CI: 2.161-6.497; 50 years and older, OR=5.302, 95%CI: 3.064-9.177), local registered residence (OR=3.409, 95%CI: 1.935-6.008), use of conventional drugs (OR=1.477, 95%CI: 1.035-2.108), and injection drugs (OR=2.700, 95%CI: 2.067-3.527) caused an increased risk of HCV infections among DUs, and divorced/widowed (OR=3.413, 95%CI: 1.463-7.962) and non-local registered DUs (OR=2.404, 95%CI: 1.304-4.433) had an increased risk of syphilis infections. Conclusions Middle-aged men are predominant DUs in national AIDS surveillance sentinels in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and the prevalence of HCV and syphilis infections correlates with age, household registration, marital status, type of drugs used and route of drug use.

Objective: To explore incidence trend of hepatitis C in Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2008 to 2022, so as to provide the basis for formulating prevention and control measures for hepatitis C. Methods: Data of reported hepatitis C cases in Chifeng City from 2008 to 2022 was collected through the Infectious Disease Information Reporting Management System. Trends in incidence of hepatitis C were analyzed using annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC). Impact of age, period and birth cohort on the risk of developing hepatitis C were analyzed by an age-period-cohort model. Results: The annual average reported incidence rate of hepatitis C in Chifeng City was 59.13/105 from 2008 to 2022. The incidence showed an upward trend from 2008 to 2018 (APC=9.405%, P<0.05) and a downward trend from 2018 to 2022 (APC=-17.475%, P<0.05), but the overall trend was not statistically significant (AAPC=0.937%, P>0.05). The age-period-cohort model analysis showed that the incidence risks of hepatitis C in the residents aged 0 to 4 years and 45 to 84 years were higher than those in the residents aged 40 to 44 years (the control group). The incidence risk of hepatitis C increased with age from 40 to 79 years. Compared with 2008-2012, the incidence risk of hepatitis C showed an increasing trend followed by a decline in 2008-2022. The incidence risk was higher in 2013-2017 and lower in 2018-2022 than in 2008-2012. The incidence risk of hepatitis C showed an increasing trend followed by a decreasing trend by using the birth cohort from 1968 to 1972 as the control. The birth cohort from 1953 to 1977 had a higher incidence risk of hepatitis C than other birth cohorts. Conclusions The overall incidence of hepatitis C in Chifeng City from 2008 to 2022 appeared a tendency towards a decline, and the incidence risk increased with age. Screening and health education for the elderly and high-risk birth cohorts should be strengthened.

Objective To investigate the clinical epidemiological features of femoral neck frac-tures. Methods The clinical data of patients with femoral neck fractures admitted to Third Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University from 2003 to 2007 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were divided into children group (age < 16 years) , adult group (age ranged from 16 to 60 years) and older group (>60 years). The types of the femoral neck fractures included 31-B1, 31-B2 and 31-B3 according to AO classification. The gender, age, fracture type and injury causes were analyzed. Results A total of 2 064 patients (971 males and 1 093 females) with femoral neck fractures were involved in the study.There were 356, 381, 397, 454 and 476 patients respectively in 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 and 2007.There were 74 patients (3.59%) in the children group, 979 (47.43%) in the adult group and 1 011 (48.98%) in the older group. There were 960 patients (46. 51%) with type 31-B1 fractures, 860 (41. 67%) with type 31-B2 fractures and 244 (11. 82%) with 31-B3 fractures. Conclusions Form 2003 to 2007, the incidence of femoral neck fracture shows a trend of increase, with the highest incidence in the old persons. The male patients with femoral neck fractures are more than female patients in adult group, while the female patients with femoral neck fractures are less than male patients in older group.The dominant fractures type according to AO classification are type 31-B2 fractures in children and adult groups, but type 31-B1 fractures in older group.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of GJB2 ,SLC26A4 and mitochondrial DNA 12S rRNA m .1555A>G(mtDNA 1555A>G) mutations in Hui ethic group patients with nonsyndromic hearing loss (NSHL) from Northwest China .Methods A total of 420 peripheral blood samples were collected from unrelated Hui ethic group probands with NSHL in Northwest China .Amplified the target gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) af-ter extracting genomic DNA from whole blood .The mtDNA 1555A>G mutation was detected by PCR -Alw26I di-gestion ,then direct sequencing was used to the positive samples of mtDNA 1555A> G ,the coding region of GJB2 gene ,exon 8 and 19 of SLC26A4 gene .Results There were 11(2 .62% ) cases caused by mtDNA 1555A>G homo-zygous mutation in 420 patients with NSHL .There were 41(9 .76% ) cases including homozygote and compound het-erozygote ,caused by GJB2 gene mutation ,which was the most frequent deafness -related gene .The allel frequency of c .235delC accounted for 6 .90% ,as well as the most frequent(51 .33% ) mutational pattern in GJB2 gene .There were 20 patients(4 .76% ) were found carring two allel mutations in SLC26A4 gene .The allel frequency of c .919 -2A>G was 5 .0% ,accounting for a total of 68 .85% in all base alterations of SLC26A4 gene ,which was the major mutant form of SLC26A4 gene .Conclusion GJB2 gene is the most common deafness -gene in Hui ethnic group pa-tients with NSHL from Northwest China ,while c .235delC is the main mutant form ,and c .919-2A>G is the hot-spot mutation of SLC26A4 gene .Through this study we can provide the molecular epidemiology basis for Hui ethnic group patients with NSHL from Northwest China in genetic diagnosis ,genetic counseling and therapy by associated testing of three frequent hearing loss genes .