Objective To study absorption characteristic of dioscin from Dioscorea nipponica Makino extract in rat intestine.Methods Single-pass intestinal perfusion (SPIP) model was used for rat in situ and HPLC was used to determine the concentrations of dioscin.The effects of different intestinal segments,drug concentration and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor on intestinal absorption were investigated.Results Dioscin could be absorbed in the whole intestine,the absorption rate constant (Ka) and the apparent coefficient (Papp) of dioscin decreased following the sequence of ileum > duodenum =jejunum > colon.Absorption parameters of dioscin had no significant difference at different concentrations (40,80,120 mg·L-1).There were significant differences in Ka and Papp values between P-gp inhibitor group and no P-gp inhibitor group(P<0.05).Conclusion The saturate phenomena was not observed under the test range of drug concentration,and the absorption mechanism may be passive diffusion transport.Dioscin in Dioscorea nipponica Makino extract may be the substrate of P-gp.

BACKGROUND: Research has showed that the abnormal expression of some proteins closely relates to the occurrence and development of cerebral glioma. However, the relationship between the abnormal expression of CyelinD1protein and the occurrence, development and prognosis of glioma is still uncertain which needs further study.OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of CyclinD1 protein in cerebral glioma and relationship between it and the impact of tumor DESIGN: Control study based on pathological specimens.SETTING: Neurosurgery department of a university hospital.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 48 glioma specimens of different malignaut degree were collected from the patients who accepted surgery treatment in Neurosurgery Department of Second Hospital of Xi' an Jiaotong University during January 1990 and December 1995. Twelve normal cerebral specimens were from the non-tumor patients who were conducted intracranial pressure reducing in Neurosurgery Department of Second Hospital of Xi' an Jiaotong University during January 1990 and December 1995.METHODS: S-P immunohistochemical technique was used to detect the abnormal expression of Cyclin D1 protein. Simultaneously, the dyeing results and clinical characters of patients were associated in order to conduct comparison.RESULTS: The positive expression rate of CyclinD1 protein in human cerebral glioma was 54. 12% while in normal cerebral tissue it was about 8.33%. There was significant difference between them(x2 =8. 148 1,P = 0. 004 3 ) . And the positive expression rate in cerebral glioma of low malignancy was 37.04% while in specimens of high malignancy it was 76.19%, there was significant difference (x2 = 7. 294 0, P = 0. 006 9). The positive expression rate of CyclinD1 protein in specimens of patients with long survival period and short survival period after surgery was 70. 37% and 33.33% respectively with significant difference between them (x2 = 6. 5268,P =0.010 6).CONCLUSION: CyclinD1 is closely related to the occurrence and development of human cerebral glioma. It has provided experimental evidence for the prevention to the occurrence of glioma and the estimation of its prognosis by studying the abnormal proliferation of glioma cells targeted on CyclinD1.

AIM: To observe the effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge.f.alba. (Sal) on the mitochondrial ultra-structure, oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by ischemia injury in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion.METHODS: The middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) rat model was established by a modified Longa occlusion method. Adult male SD rats were randomly divided into control group, simple ischemia reperfusion group, Sal with ischemia reperfusion group and butylphthalide with ischemia reperfusion group. To study the protective effects of Sal and its mechanism, the intervention of Sal was given and the ultra-structure of mitochondria, functions of mitochondria under oxidative stress and the incidence of apoptosis of brain cells were determined.RESULTS: Many electron dense toxic granulation and vacuolus in mitochondria were observed in the rat brain of focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. Under the condition of ischemia and reperfusion, the mitochondria membrane was disaggregative, and the tubular cristae of mitochondrion disappeared. MDA content was obviously increased and the activity of glutathione peroxidase decreased significantly. The apoptosis of brain cells were observed in a great quantity. The changes of ultra-structure of mitochondria and the activity of GSH-Pxase were significantly improved by the treatment of Sal. Furthermore, treatment with Sal delayed the decrease of GSH-Pxase activity, and inhibited the increase in MDA content in brain tissue after ischemia and reperfusion. The incidence of apoptosis of brain cells was also decreased.CONCLUSION: Sal protects the brain tissue from ischemia injury.

Air Pollutants, Occupational ; analysis ; Chromatography, Gas ; methods ; Fluorocarbon Polymers ; analysis ; Workplace

Objective To explore diagnosis value of spiral CT on intracranial dermoid cyst based on retrospective analysis.Methods 10 cases of intracranial dermoid cyst were enrolled in and confirmed by surgery and pathology.The retrospective analysis was based on the CT manifestations,causes,pathological and clinical features.Results Among the 10 cases,5 lesions were located in the posterior cranial fossa,3 in besides saddle,1 in up saddle and 1 in the temporal fossa.The morphology of nidus was round or round like with clear boundary.There was no edema around the nidus.Fat was found in 7 cases appeared hypodensity with insufficiency uniformity on CT,and the density was lower than that of cerebrospinal fluid with CT value ranged from-6 HU to 80 HU.There was a few calcification on the edge in 1 case.Hyperdensity irregular and lumpy hair-liked shadow was found in 2 hypodensity cases.1 lesion closed to the cranial plate was compressed thin and buckled.Conclusions Intracranial dermoid cyst has typical CT manifestations.It will be an accurate diagnosis based on clinical analysis and CT manifestations.

Objective To explore application value of blood flow ratio indexes in the diagnosis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis(HT) with different thyroid functions.Methods One hundred and four patients who were diagnosed clinically as HT were enrolled in the study.The patients were classified into three groups according to thyroid functions:the hyperthyroidism group,the hypothyroidism group and the euthyroidism group.Thirty-two volunteers with normal thyroid functions were enrolled as control group.All the cases were examined with ultrasound and five blood flow ratio indexes were calculated automatically.Their differences in the four groups were compared.Results ①Among the five blood flow ratio indexes,three indexes(mean ratio,maxratio and minratio) had significant differences between each two groups(P ＜ 0.001),the other two indexes didn't have any differences among the four groups.②Two receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves on meanratio were drew:a)HT with hyperthyroidism and HT with euthyroidism;b) HT with euthyroidism and HT with hypothyroidism.The cutoff value as a result of the ROC analysis of HT with hyperthyroidism and HT with euthyroidism was 0.235 with the maxim of specificity and sensitivity.The cutoff value of HT with euthyroidism and HT with hypothyroidism was 0.113 with the maxim of specificity and sensitivity.Both Bland-Altamn scatter diagrams and high intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC) showed that blood flow ratio indexes have high repeatability.Conclusions Blood flow ratio indexes are promising quantitative indexes in reflecting the vascularity of thyroid parenchyma,and they are helpful in the differential diagnosis of HT with different thyroid functions.

Type 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s) are recently identified members of the innate lymphoid cell ( ILC) family. These cells are capable of producing Th2-type cytokines such as IL-5 and IL-13 in response to epithelial cell-derived cytokines IL-25 and IL-33 and play critical roles in allergic diseases such as bronchial asthma. Further investigations on ILC2s will enhance the better understanding of type 2 immune responses and may provide new strategies for the treatment of allergic asthma. In this review, we fo-cus on the origin, location and biological function of ILC2s as well as their possible roles in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma.

Objective To study changes and effects of transforming growth factor-?1(TGF- ?1) and its receptorIII (TGF-?1 R III) in children with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Methods Bone marrow were respectively collected from 28 children with acute idiopathic thrombocytopenic pupura(AITP),16 children with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(CITP) and 20 comparably normal children; Percoll density gradient and immunomagnetic beads methods were used to purify megakaryocytes from bone marrow; ABC- ELISA was used to detect TGF - ?1 in bone marrow; in situ hybridization was used to detect TGF-?1 RIIImR-NA expression on megakaryocytes.Results In AITP and CITP group, the levels of TGF-?1 and TGF-?1 RIIImRNA were significant higher than those in control group(P

·AIM: To evaluate the function of primary human corneal endothelial cells(HCEC) serving as immunological cells. ·METHODS: Expression of HLA-DP, -DQ, -DR, CD40, CD80, and CD86 was determined by immunohistochemical methods. Meanwhile, purified peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC) were cocultured with primary HCEC which were pre-treated with and without γ-IFN respectively; activation of lymphocytes was determined by FACS analysis.·RESULTS: In coculture system, T lymphocyte was activated by primary HCEC, HLA-DP, -DQ, -DR and CD40 expression were increased by γ-IFN induction. Costimulatory molecular CD80 was shown on the endothelial cells. ·CONCLUSION: Primary HCEC were assumed to be involved in the corneal transplantation rejection process as potential antigen presenting cells(APC).

Objective To prepare a redox-responsive doxorubicin-loaded nanoparticle,and to study its in vitro realease behavior and targeting effect on heptoma cells.Methods Cystamine was grafted on the side chains of hyaluronic acid with 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride/N-hydroxysuccinimide catalyst,and then β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was conjugated on the amine groups of the cystamine by Schiff's base reaction to prepare β-CD modified hyaluronic acid (HACD).The HACD/DOX nanoparticles were prepared by encapsulating DOX into HACD using dialysis method.The drug loading,encapsulation efficiency,particle size and distribution,zeta potential and other physical and chemical properties,as well as in vitro drug release behavior of the HACD/DOX nanoparticles were characterized.The cytotoxicity of HACD/DOX nanoparticles to HepG2 cells was studied by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) method.The targeting effect of HACD/DOX nanoparticles on HepG2 cells was studied using flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).Results HACD were successfully synthesized,which could carry DOX to form uniform homogeneous nanoparticles.The drug loading of DOX in the nanoparticles was (16.1±0.2)％ and the encapsulation efficiency was (64.2±0.9)％.The transmission electron microscope images indicated that the shape of the HACD/DOX nanoparticles was homogeneous sphere.The results of granularity analysis showed that the average size of the HACD/DOX nanoparticles was (203.1 ±2.5) nm with a narrow size distribution (PDI =0.202).The zeta potential of the HACD/DOX nanoparticles was (-29.1±0.8) mV.The in vitro release behavior of the nanoparticles exhibited obvious redox-sensitivity.The results of in vitro cytotoxicity showed that the blank carrier material HACD had no obvious toxicity to hepatoma cells,and the HACD/DOX nanoparticles could effectively kill hepatoma cells with the 0.38 μg/ml half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value at 48 h.Flow cytometry and CLSM results demonstrated that the HACD/DOX nanoparticles could target hepatoma cells through the mediating effect of hyaluronic acid.Conclusions The prepared HACD/DOX nanoparticles have suitable particle size,high drug loading and encapsulation efficiency,and can release DOX under the stimulation of reducing agent.These nanoparticles have obvious targeting effect on hepatoma cells,which is expected to be applied as the drug delivery system of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) therapy.