[Objective] To understand Chinese scholars in different periods on the different understanding of tongue, for further development of research and provide a theoretical basis. [Method] Access to a large number of ancient books and literature, selection and tongue of related articles, extract and summa-rize the main points. [Result] The ancient understanding of TCM tongue is very knowledgeable, and by the subjective leading generation, does not have the scientific rigour;modern research of Chinese medicine tongue is mainly from the tongue and tongue color, tongue shape and other aspects, the objec-tive diagnosis and analysis system, the research methods of modern TCM tongue with scientific rigor modern Chinese Medicine; from the point of view, different degrees of col aterals and the width of the color purple tongue, sublingual y reflect the progress of the blood stasis degree and disease conditions, different diseases have different characteristics of the tongue. [Conclusion] Research on the development of modern tongue made certain contribution to TCM development.

With the rapid development and wide application of forensic DNA technology, strict management and guidance are required. Conclusion could be gained the public and judge recognition, would be more scientiifc, accurate and convincing by using the standard operation. In recent years, forensic DNA standard technology has been rapid development, but there are still insuffcient. This paper will summarize the present situation and the existing problems of forensic DNA technology standards and prospects.

The main acupoints were Shuigou (GV 26), Jiquan (HT 1) and Weizhong (BL 40). According to the diseased area, corresponding points were selected. Warmed needling, pushing, grasping, kneading,flicking and shaking of diseased joints were performed. Among 48 patients with rheumatoid arthritis,6 cases were clinically recovered; 14 cases were remarkablely effective; 24 cases were improved; and 4 cases were ineffective.

Objective To investigate the status of community type 2 diabetic patients with peripheral arterial disease,analyze the influencing factors and put forward nursing countermeasures.Methods 210 type 2 diabetic patients living in a community in Shanghai were enrolled in the investigation.ABI and arterial peak velocity were measured using Doppler blood flow detector,symptoms and signs of foot were assessed and related laboratory examinations,including HbA1c,HDL-C,LDL-C were tested.Results There were 49 cases of ABI ＜ 0.9.The proportion of abnormal color of foot skin,edema,abnormal pulsation of dorsal artery of foot and sense of coldness in group of ABI ＜ 0.9 were larger than group of ABI≥0.9.There was no statistical significance between the two groups in the pain at rest and intermittent claudication.Logistic stepwise regression analysis showed that age and LDL-C not up to the standard were risk factors of PAD and the peak of foot dorsal artery flow was a protective factor of PAD.Conclusions It's important to early screen for PAD and to adopt corresponding nursing measures on the basis of treatment.We hope to further prevent the development of PAD and effectively prevent diabetic foot.

Objective:To investigate the three-dimensional accuracy of four impression materials for fixed denture:silicone(OX),hydrocolloid(HT) and two kinds of alginate impression(FC and ZS).Methods:Ten plaster replication models for each impression materials were made on the same metal master cast respectively, vertical and horizontal dimensions between landmarks on the masters and plaster casts were measured with an optical microscope. ANOVA was used to compare the measurements among the materials.Results:The difference between the masters and casts in horizontal distances measured on ZS produced models was bigger than that on other impression material produced ones (P<0.01) and beyond clinical requirment.The difference between the masters and casts in all measured dimensions on OX produced models was the smallest.Conclusion:Alginate paste is not accurate enough for denture model,while silicone is.The hydrocolloid material is relatively accurate.

[Objective]To investigate the feasibility of the fabrication of tissue-engineered anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)in vitro by studying biocompatibility and mechanical property of the braided polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)materials.[Method]Firstly,human ACL cells and NIH3T3 cells were isolated,expanded in vitro and seeded onto the surface of the braided PVA scaffold materials,the adhesion,proliferation and three-dimensional growth of cells on the scaffold were observed by SEM.Secondly,the biomechanical properties of the braided PVA scaffold materials were measured with electro-biomechanical machine.[Result]The braided PVA scaffold materials had no cytotoxicity,ACL and NIH3T3 cells adhered,grew and proliferated well both on the surface and in the holes of the braided PVA scaffold materials.The maximum load,the maximum strain and ultimate tensile stress of the braided PVA scaffold materials respectively were 169.78?9.18N,11.67?1.38% and 52.21?2.88MPa.[Conclusion]The braided PVA scaffold materials possess good biomechanical properties and biocompatibility,it may become an ideal biomaterial for fabricating tissue-engineering ACL if the biomechanical properties can be improved.

Objective To evaluate the effect of tranilast on chronic cyclosporin A(CsA)nephrotoxicity rats and the possible mechanisms of protective effect of it.Methods Rats were on low salt diet and CsA was administered by gastric gavage at a dose of 20 mg/(kg?d)for 28 days,and tranilast was gave to these rats in a dose of 400 mg/(kg?d).The renal function and renal morphology were observed at1,2 and 4 weeks after administration of tranilast.Results CsA induced the corruption of normal condition and weight lost were markedly delayed after administration of tranilast.On histopathology tranilast attenuated tubular cells vacuolations as well as interstitial damage including interstitial ED1+ macrophages infiltration and focal interstitial fibrosis.Meanwhile,tranilast down-regulated the protein of OPN in kidney.Conclusion Tranilast can attenuate the structural changes of kidney in chronic CsA nephrotoxicity rats.Decreased CsA-related ED1+ macrophages,OPN up-regulation expression in the kidney may be related to mechanisms of protective effect of tranilast in the treatment of CsA induced chronic nephrotoxicity.

Objective To provide anatomical basis for the clinical application of neurocutaneous vascular flaps with supraclavicular nerves.Methods The diameter, length and position perforating deep fascia of supraclavicular nerves and its nutrient vessels were observed on 36 adult cadaver specimens perfused with red latex.Results The nutrient vessels of supraclavicular nerves mainly originate from musculocutaneous branches of ascending cervical artery, cutaneous branches of cervical segment of transverse cervical artery, perforating branches of internal thoracic artery and cutaneous arteriesofpectoralbranchandacromialbranchofthoracoaromialartery ,andtheirdiamaterswere 0 75? 0 2 2mm ,1 12? 0 18mm ,1 3 6? 0 15mm ,0 70 ? 0 15mmand 0 79? 0 14mmrespectively ;Theyperforateddeepfasciaatconstantposition ,distributingalongsupraclavicularnerves ,andsupplied nutrimentforthewholecutaneousnerves .Conclusion Usedtheabovethesegmentalarteriesasaflap ,theneurocutaneousvascularflapwithsupraclav icularnervescouldbedesigned .

Objective To find out about rural doctors' knowledge on the basic facts about AIDS and the spread of HIV via illegal blood collection and supply and explore viable intervention methods in AIDS prevention and treatment in rural areas. Methods All the rural doctors in a certain township where the epidemic of HTV being spread via blood collection and supply was pretty serious were selected for the survey and data were collected by combining qualitative and quantitative studies. Results The survey of 33 doctors was effective( 100% ) ; above 95% had a correct understanding of the spread of AIDS through sex and blood as well as its contagiousness; 50% did not possess the knowledge that HIV could be spread to the baby by the mother but could not be spread through saliva, sweat, mosquito bites or sharing of bathtubs or toilets; above 80% knew about the objective of the blood organizers in their villages, the peak time of blood selling by the villagers, and the risks of diseases being spread via blood, and were opposed to blood selling; 27.3% once in a while used disposable syringes, and 15.2% discarded or sold used disposable syringes. Conclusion There are severe lurking perils of iatrogenic cross infection in rural areas. Rural doctors are in dire need of formal training in AIDS prevention and treatment knowledge and could be expected to become the key force in AIDS prevention and treatment in rural areas.

Objective To investigate the environmental factors affecting neonatal neurobehavioral development and its sensitivities.Methods Neonatal behavioral neurological assessment (NBNA)and lead levels in umbilical cord blood and meconium were determined for103randomly selected neonates delivered at the section of Obstetrics and Gynecology,First Metallurgical Construction Company Hospital,from January to October1999,and the other relevant factors were investigated by questionnaire at the same time.The NBNB total score was described as a dependent variable and24relevant factors such as umbilical cord blood lead and meconium lead level,etc,as independent variables.Logistic regression analysis was used to ana-lyze the associated factors at P=0.10level.Results The factors selected in the Logistic regression model included:gestational age,month of taking medicine in gestational period,hemoglobin concentration,pregnant womans psychology,meconium lead level and taking medicine during gestational period.Conclusion Neonatal neurobehavioral development could be affected by many factors.Good nutrition,longer gestational age and maintaining good psychological status during pregnancy might be benefi-cial to neonatal neurobehavioral development.However,taking medicine during the gestational period and a high meconium lead level could be harmful to neonatal neurobehavioral development.