Objective To discuss pathogenesis of low back pain induced by chronic compartment syndrome. Method Thirty patients who had definite chronic lumboscaral compartment syndrome without other lumbal diseases were choosed respectively to test muscle force of lumbar and abdomen,intra-sacrospinal muscle pressure,blood routine,ESR,CK,CK-MM,LDH and LDHs.All patients received decompressive operation.Skeletal muscle specimens taken from sacrospinal muscle in each operation were possessed for histological and ultrastructuml observation. Result All of enzyme tests were normal.The author could observe the dissolved degeneration of part of sacrospinal muscle fibers,muscle fiber hypertrophy,and a small quantity of inflammatory cell infiltration with a light microscope.Focal solution of muscle fiber,the aggregation of mitochondria around the nucleus,the increase of lipid droplet and lysosome in cyte,and the proliferation and differentiation of muscle satellite cell could be observed with an electron microscope. Conclusion Pathogenesis of chronic lumboscaral compartment syndrome may be as followed.Intra-compartmental pressures increase,causing metabolism disturbance of the tissues under fascia compartment,damaging skeletal muscle chronically,then inflammatory factors are released,which stimulates posterior branch of spinal nerves,and finally induces low back pain.

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a frequent congenital heart disease .Incidence rate of PDA accounts for 10% ~21% of total incidence rate of congenital heart disease .In recent years ,along with the continuous deepening understanding of anatomical structure and pathology of PDA ,there were a variety of treatment methods ,including drug therapy ,interventional therapy and operation .The present article made a review about indications ,contraindi‐cations ,advantages and disadvantages of above three treatments .

Objective: To study the pharmacodynamic differences between Simiao Pills with crude Atractylodis Rhizoma and bran stir-baked Atractylodis Rhizoma on the treatment of adjuvant arthritis. Methods: Wistar rats were randomly divided into blank control group (normal saline), model control group (normal saline), Tripterygium wilfordii glycosides (TWG) group (9.45 mg/kg), low-and high-dose (1.080 and 4.320 g/kg) Simiao Pills (crude Atractylodis Rhizoma) group, low-and high-dose (1.080 and 4.320 g/kg) Simiao Pills (stir-baked Atractylodis Rhizoma with bran) group. Except the blank control group, the other groups were modeled to adjuvant arthritis with complete Freund's. Paw edema value, spleen and thoracic gland indexes, serum interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and nitric oxide (NO) were observed. Results: Both Simiao Pills with crude Atractylodis Rhizoma and bran stir-baked Atractylodis Rhizoma could inhibit paw edema, decrease spleen index, advance the thoracic gland index, and decrease IL-1β and NO. The Simiao Pills with crude Atractylodis Rhizoma showed better effects. Conclusion: Both Simiao Pills with crude Atractylodis Rhizoma and bran stir-baked Atractylodis Rhizoma show a certain therapeutic effect on adjuvant arthritis, but the crude Atractylodis Rhizoma is in favor of the efficacy of Simiao Pills.

The research of bone tissue engineering provides new thought and method to repair mass bone defect. Neovascularization plays a significant role in bone repair. This article reviews the advancements of the growth factors, seed cells and scaffolds in vascularization of tissue engineering bone, then raise the problems to solve and the prospect of future research.

Objective To compare the safety and efficacy of whole stage and first stage of labor analgesia on puerperas with pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome.Methods From March, 201 5 to November,201 5,1 96 single fetus,aged 22-35 years,term pregnancy,primipara,ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ, diagnosed pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome, were randomly divided into the whole stage of labor analgesia group (group T)and the first stage of labor analgesia group (group F).Patients in group T received labor analgesia after uterine contractions regularly,and continued the labor analgesia to the end of the delivery;patients in group F received labor analgesia after uterine contractions regularly and the uterus cervix was 3 cm,in the end of the first stage of la-bor,using the normal saline instead of the medicine.The MAP and VAS score were recorded before analgesia and 10 minutes,60 minutes after the beginning of analgesia,when the uterine cervix dilated absolutely,the second stage of labor and when the fetal is delivered.The Bromage scores were recor-ded at the second stage of labor.The time for the first stage of labor,the second stage of labor and the third stage of labor were recorded.The mode of delivery,the incidence of eclampsia,postpartum hemorrhage,the use of oxytocin and antihypertensive in the delivery progress were recorded.The ne-onate weight,Apgar score and the cord blood gas analysis were recorded.Results At the uterine cer-vix dilated absolutely and the second stage of labor,the MAP [(106.0±7.0)mm Hg vs.(1 1 5.4± 7.3)mm Hg,(106.2 ± 7.2 )mm Hg vs.(1 1 6.0 ± 7.6 )mm Hg]and VAS score [(2.0 ± 1.1 ) scores vs.(5.1±1.2)scores,(1.9±1.2)scores vs.(5.2±1.3)scores]in group T were lower than those in group F (P <0.05).The patients who received oxytocin in group T were more than that in group F [50(5 1%)vs.35(35%),P <0.05].Conclusion The whole stage labor epidural analgesia is safe and effective for puerperas with pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome.

Objective To compare the osseo-induction and biodegradation performances of three types of injectable and degradable calcium phosphate cement (CPC) so as to find out a better bone substitute. Methods Three types of injectable and degradable CPC were respectively implanted into the bilateral tibias of 24 New Zealand rabbits: pure CPC (Group A), CPC added with Zinc and Strontiumions (Group B), and CPC with composite rhBMP-2 (Group C) . Their systematic and local reactions in implanted region were closely observed. The degra- dation and osseo-induction performances were compared macroscopically, microscopically and by CT scan to find out the one that could best meet clinical needs. Tissue slices were sampled and photographed four, eight and 16 weeks after operation. Five photographs were selected in each group and at each time points for computer software (Image Pro Plus 5.1) processing to calculate the percentages of bone in the images of postoperative slices. Results In Groups A and B, new bone was found to form slowly and little by little, and the ossification was not synchronous with the material degradation. In Group C, however, new bone was observed to form early and massively, and the os- sification was almost synchronous with the material degradation. In Groups A, B and C, the percentage of bone in the images of postoperative slices was (41.7?16.6)%, (31. 2?12.2)% and (71.7?21.0)% respectively. The bone percentage in CPC with composite rhBMP-2 was significantly higher than that in the other two types of CPC (P＜0.01 ). Conclusion The injectable and degradable CPC with composite rhBMP-2 is more suitable for clinical use, because it can induce early new bone formation and synchronous biodegradation.

Objective Background Predicting risk factors for valve replacements is important both for informed consent of patients and objective review of surgical outcomes. Development of reliable prediction rules requires large data sets with ap-propriate risk factors that are available before surgery. Methods Data were from Belling Anzhen Institute of heart, pulmonary and vascular diseases in the period of January 1993 to December 2004. 4482 heart valve replacement patients were analyzed.There. were 848 aortic valve replacements, 2202 mitral valve replacements and 1387 double valve replacements. Logistic regres-sion was used to examine the relationship between risk factors and in-hospital mortality. Results In the multivariable analysis,5 variables in the aortic model (older age, body area, NYHA class IV, creatin, CPB time) , 8 variables in the mitral model ( NYHA class Ⅳ, congestive heart failure, cardiac/thoracic ratio, FS, etiology, LVESD, CPB time, use of IABP) and 7 var-iables in the double valve model (older age, NYHA class Ⅳ, previous myocarditis, diabetes, CPB time, weight index, previ-ous percutaneous mitral balloon valvotomy ) remained independent predictors of the outcome. The mathematical models were highly significant predictors of the in-hospital mortality, and the results were in general agreement with those of others. The area uoder the receiver operating characteristic curve for the aortic model was 0. 921 [ 95% confidence interval ( CI ), 0. 874 to 0. 967 ], for the mitral model was 0. 859 ( 95% CI, 0. 813 to 0. 905 ) aod for dnuhle model was 0. 868 ( 95% CI, 0. 827 to 0.908). The goodness-of-fit statistic for the aortic model was χ~2 = 1.463, P=0.993, for the mitral model was χ~2 = 8.720,P = 0. 366 and for the double valve model was χ~2 = 8 . 134, P = 0. 420. Conclusion We print results and methods for use in day-to-day practice to calculate patient-specific in-hospital mortality after aortic and mitral valve surgery, by the logistic e-quation for each model or a simple scoring system with a look-up table for mortality rate.

Cerebral ischemic postconditioning (IPO) refers to a series of rapid intermittent interruptions of blood flow in the early phase of reperfusion. It protects brain tissue against ischemia-reperfusion injury. IPO decreases infarct volume and neuron loss by activating protein kinases,blocking apoptosis pathways,inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress. IPO can be applied after cerebral ischemia,and it has better application prospects in clinical practice. This article reviews IPO and its neuroprotective mechanisms.

Humans ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; Neurosurgery ; methods

Objective To observe the effects of bisphosphonate on the inhibit proliferation and the apoptosis effect in osteo‐sarcoma MG‐63 cells in vitro ,explore the phosphonic acid salt of bone sarcoma cells ,induce apoptosis and its possible mechanism . Methods Sixty three osteosarcoma MG‐63 cells were cultured in vitro .After treated with bisphosphonate 400 μg/mL ,without bi‐sphosphonate but normal saline ,they were incubated 72 h after the application of the two group cell immunofluorescence test ;then observe the expression of apoptosis factors Caspase 3 and Fas ;Flow cytometry detection line was used to detect the osteosarcoma cell line MG‐63 cells apoptosis rate of each group .Results 72 h after treatment with bisphosphonate ,the expression of apoptosis factor of Caspase‐3 and Fas in osteosarcoma MG‐63 cells were strongly expressed ,and it was observed by immunofluorescent assay , while in blank control group ,we could barely see the expression of apoptosis factors Caspase‐3 and Fas ;Flow cytometry test results showed that two phosphonic acid salt 400 μg/mL intervention group cell apoptosis rate was 54 .00% ,far more than normal saline blank control group ,of which the apoptosis rate was 3 .10% ,the difference was statistically significant (P<0 .05) ,there is an obvi‐ous phenomenon of induced apoptosis .Conclusion Bisphosphonate has a strong apoptotic effects of bisphosphonate in osteosarcoma MG‐63 cells in vitro .Bisphosphonate can inhibit osteolysis of osteosarcoma MG‐63 cells via regulating the expression of Caspase‐3 , Fas in osteosarcoma MG‐63 cells .Bisphosphonate may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for treatment of osteosarcoma .