Microglia(MG)is recognized as the main immune effector in central nervous system injury and disease.MG can regulate the tumorigenesis and development of brain metastases tumor(BMT)by different ways.Studing the roles and mechanisms of MG in BMT will provide new insights into the prevention and treatment of BMT.

Objective To determine the expressions of transcription factor activator protein-2α (AP-2α), estrogen receptor-β (ER-β) and matrixmetalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in lichen planus (LP) lesions and their significance. Methods Tissue samples were resected from the lesions of 30 patients with LP and normal skin of 30 human controls. An immunohistochemical method using streptavidin-peroxidase (SP) was performed to detect the expression of ER-β and MMP-9, reverse transcription-PCR and Western blot to measure the mRNA and protein expressions of AP-2α, ER-β and MMP-9 in these specimens. Results There was a significant decrease in the mRNA expressions of AP-2α (0.488 ± 0.039 vs. 1.008 ± 0.023, P < 0.01 ) and ER-β (0.365 ± 0.032 vs. 0.998 ± 0.036, P < 0.01), together with an increase in the expression of MMP-9 (1.237 ± 0.027 vs. 0.567 ± 0.015, P< 0.01) in the LP lesions compared with the control specimens; similar results were observed for the protein expressions of AP-2α, ER-β and MMP-9. In LP lesions, the expression of AP-2α was positively correlated with that of ER-β (R = 0.89, P < 0.01), but negatively correlated with that of MMP-9 (r = -0.91, P < 0.01). Conclusions The down-regulation of ER-β expression and up-regulation of MMP-9 expression may be ascribed to the abnormal regulation of upstream target genes mediated by the decreased expression of AP-2α, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of LP.

Objeetive To investigate the relationship between 24-hour blood pressure rhythm and carotid scleratheroma in elderly patients with hypertension.Methods 193 elderly patients with hypertension were enrolled in the study and divided into study group (91 cases with carotid atherosclerosis) and control group (102 cases).All the patients were given 24h blood pressure rhythm examination.The characteristics of 24hour blood pressure rhythm was compared between the two groups.Results The 24h average systolic blood pressure(24h-SBP),24h average diastolic blood pressure (24h-DBP),24h average pulse pressure (24h-MBP) between the study group and the control group had no significant differences(P ＞ 0.05).The daytime average systolic blood pressure(d-SBP),diurnal mean diastolic blood pressure (d-DBP),diurnal average pulse pressure (d-MBP),nocturnal mean systolic blood pressure (n-SBP),nocturnal mean diastolic blood pressure(n-DBP),nocturnal mean pulse pressure(n-MBP) of the study group were significantly higher than those of the control group (t =16.92,24.68,6.16,12.87,11.59,6.35,all P ＜0.05).In study group,d-SBP,d-DBP,d-MBP were higher than n-SBP,n-DBP,n-MBP,the differences were statistically significant(F =73.61,P ＜ 0.01).The circadian blood pressure variability of the study group was more than 10％,the 24h ambulatory blood pressure curve graph of the study group was non-dipper curve.The circadian blood pressure variability of the control group was less than 5％,the 24h ambulatory blood pressure curve was dipper type curve.Conclusion The MBPS is strongly associated with carotid scleratheroma,and clinical treatment and study could derive from ABPM data analysis.

Objective:To evaluate therapeutic effect and safety of rosuvastatin on patients with hyperlipidemia com‐plicated hyperuricemia .Methods :A total of 88 patients with hyperlipidemia complicated hyperuricemia ,who were hospitalized in our hospital ,were selected ,randomly and equally divided into rosuvastatin group (10 mg/d) and atorvastatin group (20 mg/d) ,both groups were treated for eight weeks .Changes of levels of blood lipids and serum uric acid (SUA) were observed and compared between two groups before and after treatment .Results:Compared with before treatment ,after eight -week treatment ,there were significant reductions in levels of blood lipids (ex‐cept high density lipoprotein cholesterol ) and SUA in both groups , P<0.01 all;compared with atorvastatin group after treatment ,there were significant reductions in levels of total cholesterol [ (4.87 ± 0.47) mmol/L vs .(4.48 ± 0.53) mmol/L] in rosuvastatin group (P=0.04) ,and there was no significant difference in SUA level between two groups , P>0.05. There were all no more serious side effects in both groups .Conclusion:While reducing blood lipid levels ,rosuvastatin can also reduce serum uric acid level in patients with hyperlipidemia ,and it possesses good safety and tolerance .

Objective To investigate the effect of intranasal instillation of insulin with different doses on cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD).Methods Sixty-three AD patients were collectcd.According to the order of doctor's office visiting,they were divided into insulin 1 group (21 cases,intranasal instillation of insulin 20 U,2 times per day),insulin 2 group (21 cases,intranasal instillation of insulin 40 U,2 times per day) and placebo group (21 cases,intranasal instillation of physiological saline,2 times per day).Mini-mental state examination scale (MMSE) and Rivermead behavioural memory test second edition (RBMT Ⅱ) were used to evaluate the improvement of cognitive function after 3 months and 6 months.Results Before treatment,the scores of MMSE and RBMT Ⅱ in insulin 1 group were (20.2 ± 2.3) and (17.2 ± 1.9) scores,in insulin 2 group were (20.7 ± 2.8) and (16.5 ± 1.9) scores.After treatment for 3 months,the scores of MMSE and RBMT Ⅱ in insulin 1 group were (21.8 ± 3.2) and (19.2 ± 2.0) scores,in insulin 2 group were (21.6 ± 3.5) and (18.1 ± 2.0) scores.The scores of MMSE and RBMT Ⅱ in insulin 1 group and insulin 2 group significantly improved compared with those before treatment (P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01).But the scores of MMSE and RBMT Ⅱ in placebo group were significantly aggravated,(18.9 ± 3.8) scores vs.(20.9 ± 2.5) scores,(15.2 ± 2.1) scores vs.(16.1 ± 2.0) scores,P ＜ 0.05.After treatment for 6 months,the scores of MMSE and RBMT Ⅱ in insulin 1 group were (22.5 ± 3.3) and (20.5 ± 2.0) scores,in insulin 2 group were (22.7 ± 3.1) and(19.8 ± 1.9) scores,and in placebo group were (17.9 ± 4.5) and(14.7 ± 2.0) scores.The scores of MMSE and RBMT Ⅱ in insulin 1 group and insulin 2 group were significantly better than those in placebo group (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Intranasal instillation of insulin can improve cognitive disorders in patients with AD.

The centrosome plays a crucial role in the maintaining of cell conformation,mitosis and chromosome seg-regation.It responds to the DNA damage and keeps the genome stability via cross-talking with the intranuclear DNA damage repair system.The apoptosis of tumor cells can be induced through inhibition of the duplication of centro-some.So the inhibitors of centrosomal proteins will be a potential anti-tumor therapy.

Objective:To explore the therapeutic effect of the use of budesonide for externally-used budesonide in the surgical cavities following endoscopic sinuous surgery(ESS).Method:122 cases with chronic sinusitis were randomly divided into two groups treated by the routine procedures after endoscopic sinuous surgery but the treatment group with 61 cases were treated by the addition of budesonide suspension for inhalation in the surgical cavities.The process of the epithelization in the surgical cavities by endoscopy was investigated.Result:The process of cleaning in 15 days in the surgical cavities was better in the budesonide-using group than in the controlled group.A significant difference was found(P

Shenghua decoction made by FU Qing-zhu is a famous formula aimed at syndrome of coagulation cold due to blood deficiency,static blood obstruction.The mechanism of disease is definite when this formula is applied.But the extensive use of Shenghua decoction,especially some potent preparation of it following childbirth without according to TCM principle based on differentiation of syndromes is a manifestation of highlighting formula and underestimating theory,which is useless and harmful.It should be emphasized.So the Shenghua decoction should be used under the direction of basic theory of TCM,through precise syndrome differentiation,according to the principle of "looking to and not being besieged by postpartum ".We should not follow blindly the method of treatment of "warming and resolving stasis" on the postpartum disease.It is important that Shenghua decoction should be used on the basis of syndrome differentiation.