96 under 6-year-old children in Tu Liem and Gia Lam districts Hanoi were diagnosed as tracheal V.A. V.A children with pathogene bacteria make up a high rate, especially in the age 4-6. The common pathogene microorganisms in V.A children are H.influenzae, S. pneumoniae, S.pyogenes and S.aureus, among them the most common are H. influenza and S. pneumonia. A high rate of bacterial strains was sensitive experimentally to antibiotics, especially to norfloxacin. Antibiotic resistance to ampicillin, bactrim, chloramphenicol and erthromycine was reported. Most VA children are living in the house holds using charcoal, petroleum for cooking, and living with smoker parents
Child ; Bacteria ; Bacteriology

No abstract available.
Bacteriology* ; Biliary Tract*

From 128 young men who had no subjective symptoms during recent six months, prostatic secretions were collected on two slide glasses it each. Both slide glasses were examined microscopically for cytology. One of them was stained with Sternheimer and Malbin method for cytology and the other was stained with Gramts method for bacteriology. But no cultures were done, The results were as follows: Microscopic findings : Of 128 prostatic secretions examined microscopically, 73.4 per cent showed less than 10 W.B.C. per H.P.F. (normal); 12.5 per cent 11~20 W.B.C. per H.P.F. (grade 1); 7. 8 per cent 21~30 W.B.C per H.P.F.(grade 2); 3. 9 per cent 31~50 W.B.C. per H.P.F.(grade 3) and 2. 4 per cent more than 51 W.B,C. per H.P.F.(grade 4). Bacteriology: Regardless of microscopic findings microorganisms were found in 61.7 per cent of 128 prostatic secretions. Among the found microorganisms, Gram negative rod was the most common, and Gram positive coccus, Gram positive rod and Gram negative coccus followed in that order. There appeared no relation between the microscopic findings and the present of microorganisms.
Bacteriology ; Eyeglasses ; Glass ; Humans ; Male ; Prostatitis*

This is the report of 75 cases of chronic prostatitis, confirmed by microscopic examination of the 3 glass test of urine and the prostatic secretion and bacterial culture of the prostatic secretion, who visited Department of Urology, St. Mary's Hospital from 1 December 1980 to 30 June 1981. The results were as follows: 1. The result of microscopic examination of the 3 glass test of urine revealed that the first and second glass urine were within normal limit (over 90%), but on the third glass urine, 69 cases (92.0%)showed WBC more than 10/HPF. 2. Microscopic examination of the prostatic secretion showed WBC more than 10/HPF in 69 cases (92.0%)and second glass in 6 cases (8.0%)showed normal findings, but many bacteria were isolated on bacterial culture of the prostatic secretion. The positive findings of prostatic secretion culture were noticed in 63 cases (84.0%). Microorganism was not grown in culture of 12 cases (16.0%), which was shown over WBC 10/HPF on microscopic examination of the prostatic secretion. Therefore, if chronic prostatitis is suspected, both methods should be used in combination because many bacteria could be detected in bacterial culture even when no inflammatory findings were shown in the microscopic examination of the prostatic secretion. In diagnosis of chronic prostatitis, the combined use of the microscopic examination and bacterial culture of the prostatic secretion were more significant than urinalysis alone.
Bacteria ; Bacteriology ; Diagnosis ; Glass ; Prostatitis* ; Urinalysis ; Urology

Introduction: Foot infections are one of the major complications of diabetes mellitus and a significant risk factor for lower extremity amputation. Providing effective antimicrobial therapy is an important component in treating these infections. This study assesses the microbial isolates of patients with diabetic foot infections and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of 75 patients with diabetic foot infections admitted to RIPAS hospital between June 2008 and June 2010 was undertaken. Bacteriological specimens were obtained and processed using standard hospital procedure for microbiological culture and sensitivity testing. Results: Overall, 40 (54%) patients had subcutaneous infections, 22 (29%) had infected superficial ulcers, seven (9%) had infected deep ulcers involving muscle tissues and six (8%) had osteomyelitis. A total of 98 pathogens were isolated. Forty percent of the patients had polymicrobial infection, 39 (52%) had single organism and 6(8%) had no growth. Gram-negative bacteria (67%) were more commonly isolated than gram-positive bacteria (30%). The three most frequently found gram-negative organisms were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (19.4%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (15.3%), and Acinetobacter spp. (10.2%) and gram-positive organisms were Staphylococcus aureus (10.2%), Streptococcus pyogenes (7.1%) and Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus [MRSA] (7.1%). Vancomycin was found to be the most effective against gram-positive bacteria while amikacin was the most effective against gram-negative bacteria based on antibiotic testing. Conclusion: In 40% of diabetic feet infection was polymicrobial. Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most common gram-positive and gram-negative organisms respectively. This study helps us to choose the empirical antibiotics for cases of diabetic foot infections.
Diabetic Complications ; Diabetic Foot ; Microbiology ; Bacteriology

Introduction: Colonoscopy is an investigation for the evaluation of lower gastrointestinal symptoms. Just like any other conditions, it is important to be aware of the spectrum of findings so that appropriate referral and decisions can be made. Materials and Methods: Patients (mean age 52.3 ± 15.3 years old with almost equal proportion of genders) referred for colonoscopy in RIPAS Hospital over a five year period (January 2003 to December 2007) were retrospectively identified and studied. Results: The most common indication for colonoscopy was bleeding per rectum (22.9%), followed by evaluation of abdominal pain (18.6%), anaemia (11.7%), colorectal cancer screening (11.7%), evaluation of constipation (5.9%) and altered bowel habits (3.8%). A large proportion (58.4%) colonoscopy was normal. The most common positive finding was haemorrhoids (30.3%), majority of which were categorised as grade I. This was followed by colonic polyps (17.6%), diverticular disease (12.1%), non-specific colitis (4.0%), colorectal cancers (4.0%) and ulcers (3.6%), melanosis coli (0.4%) and telangiectasia (0.1%). Colorectal cancer was most common among the Malays (4.4%), followed by the Chinese (4.0%), the indigenous (2.8%) and the others (1.2%). Conclusions: Our study showed that the most common indication was for the evaluation of bleeding per rectum. Majority had normal colonoscopy and the most common positive finding was haemorrhoids. Importantly colorectal neoplasms accounted for one fifth of procedures with colorectal cancers accounting for four percent.
Diabetic Complications ; Diabetic Foot ; Microbiology ; Bacteriology

With the establishment of rapid sequence analysis of 16S rRNA and the recognition of its patential to determine the phylogenetic position of any prokaryotic organism, the role of 16S rRNA similarities in the present species definition in bacteriology need to be clarified. Comparative studies clearly reveal the limitations of the sequence analysis of this conserved gene and gene product in the determination of relationship at the pathogenic strain level for which DNA-DNA reassociation exprements still constitute the superior method. Since today the primary structure of 16S rRNA is easier to determine than hybridization between DNA strands, the strength of the sequence analysis is to recognize the level at which DNA pairing studies need to be performed, which certainly applies to similarities of 97% and higher.
Bacteriology ; DNA ; Genome, Microbial* ; Sequence Analysis

With the establishment of rapid sequence analysis of 16S rRNA and the recognition of its patential to determine the phylogenetic position of any prokaryotic organism, the role of 16S rRNA similarities in the present species definition in bacteriology need to be clarified. Comparative studies clearly reveal the limitations of the sequence analysis of this conserved gene and gene product in the determination of relationship at the pathogenic strain level for which DNA-DNA reassociation exprements still constitute the superior method. Since today the primary structure of 16S rRNA is easier to determine than hybridization between DNA strands, the strength of the sequence analysis is to recognize the level at which DNA pairing studies need to be performed, which certainly applies to similarities of 97% and higher.
Bacteriology ; DNA ; Genome, Microbial* ; Sequence Analysis

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The identification of specific pathogens for chronic sinusitis is important for antibiotic treatment. By comparing endoscope-guided middle meatal cultures to intraoperative maxillary sinus cultures, we tried to determine whether middle meatal cultures can replace maxillary sinus cultures as a noninvasive alternative. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Twenty-two patients with chronic sinusitis, who didn't respond to medical therapy and recieved endoscopic sinus surgery were selected. We collected preoperative middle meatal samples and intraoperative maxillary sinus samples from twenty two patients under end-oscopic visualization using strile cotton swabs. RESULTS: In 18 of the 22 samples (82%), endoscope-guided middle meatal cultures correlated well with the intraoperative maxillary sinus cultures. In both middle meatus and maxillary sinus samples, most frequently encountered microorganism was Staphylococcus aureus. CONCLUSION: Noninvasive middle meatal cultures correlate well with maxillary sinus cultures, and can be confidently used as an alternative.
Bacteriology ; Humans ; Maxillary Sinus* ; Sinusitis* ; Staphylococcus aureus

Surgery-related infections have not been irradicated until now. To solve this problem, it is important to know the relationship between bacterial anatomy and bacterial behavior in the tug-of-war between host and pathogen. In this article, bacterial anatomy and functional behavior, host phagocytic activity, immune system, nutrition and antibiotics are reviewed to win the war against the tiny invaders and leave the host unharmed. My suggestion is that scientists should direct their studies not only to developing potent new antibiotics that will never give rise to drug-resistant mutants, but also to developing a very competitive immune system that can suppress or control infection without the aid of antibiotics.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacteria ; Bacteriology ; Immune System