Introduction Irish surgeon Abraham Coll bone lower forearm Call an end in 1814 reports about the location extension breaks, fractures, called colles fractures. It is common fractures account for 10-20% of the total respectively fracture, the bottom end 75% of bone fracture forearm. Number of elderly patients in developed countries has increased, an increasing number of these refractive growth. In 2001, in the cases of 640,000 fracture United States forearm bone bottom colles. Purpose Study for the influence of risk factors in bone setting treatment Colles fracture Objectives: 1. Forearm bone assessment bottom Colles displaced, some of the causes which affect nondisplaced fractures, depending upon risk factors 2. Forearm bone to assess what the lower end Colles healing some of the risk factors that may affect the fracture Materials and Methods Trauma and Orthopedic research studies involving the term “Emergency Department” at the forearms of 80 people age 5-76 bone treatment in patients who received the peace at the lower end Colles fracture the national center. Respondents grooming, nongrooming divided into 2 groups, which may not be received and confirmed by refractive index difference in X-ray. To analyze the data elements of descriptive statistics was used (mean, standard deviation, percentage distribution). As a result of calculating the difference between the data expressed as a percentage Use Pearson’s chi-squares method. If using T-test method to calculate the difference between the data and the P value less than 0.05 considered statistically accurate. Calculating the relationship between the power of the data evaluated the relationship using spearman correlation coefficient. Result Some of the causes and risk factors are compared between groups, Colles difference nondisplaced fracture purity (r=0.18, p=0.21) or a weak relationship, Colles difference, compared to the nondisplaced fracture the use of calcium supplementation (r=0.21, p=0.06) associations, Colles difference, gender nondisplaced fracture compared (r=0.28, p=0.01) weaknesses related were statistically significant. Conclusion 1. Colles difference nondisplaced fractures when used in alcohol risk factors affect the injury took place, and menopause are diagnosed with osteoporosis, previous calcium intake is associated with weak damage. 2. Colles difference refraction healing has 24-hour loss of time covered detonations often bear physical therapy show his hand and damaged a hospital that affect healing.

Background In recent years, Mongolian cardiac surgery, which included many people who have contributed to the history of development? One of them is an academician T.Shagdarsuren, whose historic feat is exceptional. He spent the great times of scientifi c, hospital, surgical fi eld. The coursework is continuing to learn and study from the experienced person. It is an essential example for our younger generations. Objective To study the history of cardiac surgery of the world and an academician Tundev Shagdarsuren’s contributions to the development of the Mongolian cardiac surgery Materials and Methods Major methodological principles have been made by anthropology and history, text sources, analytical methods, that to analyze T.Shagdarsuren’s biographies and works related to the archives, to fi nd some materials scientists at the Institute of Medicine, researchers and memories of his disciples’ talk and texts. As well as research work and time were done in to the correct order due to enrich other works of the additional information in according to rules of conducting medical research discipline. Results T.Shagdarsuren established thoracic surgical department of the fi rst surgical hospital in Mongolia in 1954. Furthermore, he did the fi rst thoracic surgery and cardiac surgery in this department. Cardiac surgical treatment is resolved some of the priority issues. As a result, with the advent of thoracic surgery of medical care for sick people closer, improved surgery techniques. Therefore, Cardiovascular research for improving the quality of medical diagnosis, which is achieved a new approach to medical practice by introducing. Conclusion: Academician T.Shagdarsuren is a famous doctor and good organizer, who initially established a team for providing cardiovascular medical services including a number of surgeries. He introduced new technologies which contributed to the development of chest cavity and cardiovascular diagnosis and surgeries and allowed us to be on the same path of other countries around the world.

Introduction: In 1814 Irish surgeon Abraham Coll first introduced distal radial bone fracture in clinical practice as a colles fracture. It is one of the most common fractures account for 10-20% of the total respectively fracture. Case of Colles fracture has being increased in the developed country year by year besides the increasing number of elderly patients. Depending on severity displaced of the fracture, management includes closed reduction or surgical procedure. The aim of study was to study result of risk factors that influence the closed reduction management of the Colles fracture. Materials and Methods: From hospital based population 80 patients aged between 5-76 years (mean age 47.31 years, male 61.25%, female 38.7%) were recruited by cross sectional and randomized method. Participants were divided into displaced and non-displaced groups which confirmed by refractive index difference on X-ray. Results: The risk factors that influence the colles fracture closed reduction management was osteoporosis (p=0.38), menopause (r=0.18, p=0.27), calcium supplement intake (r=0.21, p=0.05), received hospital care in 24 hour (p=0.39), apply plaster (p=0.64), hand sling immobilizer brace (p=0.5) and physical therapy (p=0.5). Conclusion: Osteoporosis and menopause were the risk factors that influenced the closed reduction management of Colles fracture. The patient cases that not receiving emergency medical care in first 24 hours, not applying plaster, not using the hand sling immobilizer brace and not receiving physical therapy was risk factors for extending the closed reduction management of the Colles fracture.

Background: According to statistics from National Center of Public Health Development of Mongolia morbidity rate of cardiovascular diseases was 501.84 cases per 10000 population in 2006, which demonstrates increase of 2 times compare to 1996 and 50% increase compare to 2000. Goal: To study bio-ecological factors influencing on mortality and morbidity rate of prevalent cardiovascular diseases among Mongolians.Materials and Methods: We have chosen arterial hypertension, acute myocardial infarction, and chronic rheumatoid fever according 10th classification of WHO. Indices of morbidity, mortality of diseases were calculated per 1000 population.Result: Average atmospheric temperature t0С (χф2=1494); atmospheric pressure (χф 2=36.07); precipitation (χф 2=704); and mineralization of rivers (χф 2=532) have statistically significant effect on morbidity rate of arterial hypertension among the population of Uvurkhangai, Gobi-Altai, Darkhan-Uul, Gobisumber aimags and UB city. Average atmospheric temperature t0С (χф 2=241); atmospheric pressure (χф2=88.62); precipitation (χф 2=62.18); and mineralization of rivers (χф2=86.28) have statistically significant effect on morbidity rate of chronic rheumatoid fever among the population of Arkhangai, Bayankhongor, Umnugobi, Gobisumber aimags.Conclusions:1. Geographical distribution of arterial hypertension is prevailed in Uvur-Khangai, Gobi-Altai, Darhan-Uul, Gobi-Sumber aimags and UB city, distribution of acute myocardial infarction is prevailed in Hovd, Hubsgul, Arkhangai, Selenge, Gobi-Sumberaimags and geographical distribution of chronic rheumatoid fever is prevailed in Bayankhongor, Arkhangai, Umnugobi, Gobisumber aimags. 2. Ecological factors have statistically significant (χF 2=23.1-161.1) influence on the distribution of morbidity and mortality of arterial hypertension, acute myocardial infarction and chronic rheumatoid fever. Influencing ecological factors in regions covered with this study, such as temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind speed and mineralization of water sources have weaker and reverse correlations each separately (r=-0.1-0.2) but in combination they have medium and reverse correlations (r =-0.45- 0.52).3. The result of the research study established that morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases (arterial hypertension, acute myocardial infarction and chronic rheumatoid fever) distributed in 3 regions on the territory of Mongolia depending on ecological factors.

Introduction: The paper presents lateresults of surgical correction of the patientswith acquired heart disease.Materials and method: Two hundredfifty one patients had surgical defectcorrection from 2000 to 2016 years. Lateresults were observed in 134 patients. It wasrevealed that subgroup with aortic, mitral andmitral-aortic stenosis and in the subgroupwith aortic insufficiency, systolic functionof the left ventricular was significantlyincreased and heart cavities were positivelyremodeled.Results: Five-year survival rate in subgroupwith initial aortic stenosis and insufficiencywas 100% , in subgroup with initial mitralstenosis - 78.4%, with mitral insufficiency- 75.0%, with mitral-aortic stenosis - 94.1%and with mitral-aortic insufficiency - 49.1%.Conclusion: Risk factors of late mortalityof the patients with valve pathology andsystolic dysfunction of left ventricular aftersurgical correction are: IV NYHA, chronicheart failure, the heart-lung coefficientmore than 65%, high lung hypertension(systolic pressure in pulmonary artery morethan 60 mm.Hg), size of the left ventricularmore than 60 mm and index of end-diastolicvolume of left ventricular more than 110 ml/m2.

Intruduction: Since 1990, joint surgery techniques and implants have changed dramatically and results have improved. Today knee implants and surgical treatment of knee injuries are commonplace at the National Center for Trauma and Orthopedics.
Rehabilitation after knee surgery can help maintain joint range of motion, muscle strength, and daily function. However, inadequate rehabilitation can lead to increased pain, reduced mobility and, in some cases, reoperation. Material and Methods: The study included 90 patients who responded to an AM-34 form using a random sampling method for pain assessment using VAS, daily activity ability using the Barthel index, gait analysis using gait analysis, and muscle strength rating of joint amplitude using by ICF 10. Result A study was conducted on 90 patients who had postoperative physical surgery in 2016-2019 in the Arthritis Surgery Department of the National Center for Trauma and Orthopedics. The study included patients aged 19 to 45 years with a mean age of 28.98 ± 5.47 years, 58 years for men (64%) and 32 years for women (36%).
Rehabilitation and postoperative treatment after knee surgery can help maintain freedom of movement, muscle strength, and daily joint function, while inadequate rehabilitation can lead to increased pain, reduced mobility and, in some cases, reoperation. confirmed by research.
Studies have shown that endoscopic surgery is 30 to 40% more effective than open surgery in normalizing joint function in postoperative knee surgery.
The sooner you start mobile surgery after knee surgery, the sooner your joint function will be normal. It was effective to do the 6 movement exercises that we used together.

Endovascular repair of descending thoracic aortic aneurysm is an attractive approach. Candidates for endovascular repair should have an inner aortic diameter of 23-37 mm adjacent to the aneurysm without signifi cant thrombus or calcifi cation in these so called landing zones. They should have at least 2 cm of normal aorta both proximal and distal to the aneurysm to ensure adequate fi xationof the divece. Endografting of the descending thoracic aorta requires preoperative measurements of the diameter of the proximal and distal necks of the aneurysm, tratment length, and proximal and distal angulation. This information can be obtained from CT-ic angiography using three dimensional reconstruction.

Introduction: In 1814 Irish surgeonAbraham Coll first introduced distal radialbone fracture in clinical practice as a collesfracture. It is one of the most commonfractures account for 10-20% of the totalrespectively fracture. Case of Colles fracturehas being increased in the developed countryyear by year besides the increasing numberof elderly patients. Depending on severitydisplaced of the fracture, managementincludes closed reduction or surgicalprocedure. The aim of study was to studyresult of risk factors that influence theclosed reduction management of the Collesfracture.Materials and Methods: From hospitalbased population 80 patients aged between5-76 years (mean age 47.31 years, male61.25%, female 38.7%) were recruited bycross sectional and randomized method.Participants were divided into displaced andnon-displaced groups which confirmed byrefractive index difference on X-ray.Results: The risk factors that influence thecolles fracture closed reduction managementwas osteoporosis (p=0.38), menopause(r=0.18, p=0.27), calcium supplement intake(r=0.21, p=0.05), received hospital care in24 hour (p=0.39), apply plaster (p=0.64),hand sling immobilizer brace (p=0.5) andphysical therapy (p=0.5).Conclusion: Osteoporosis and menopausewere the risk factors that influenced theclosed reduction management of Collesfracture. The patient cases that not receivingemergency medical care in first 24 hours,not applying plaster, not using the hand slingimmobilizer brace and not receiving physicaltherapy was risk factors for extending theclosed reduction management of the Collesfracture.

BackgroundSurgery correction is necessarily required for complete cure of congenital and acquired heart diseases. Introduction of extracorporeal circulation method into practice has allowed to correct small sized atrial septal defects, as well as to compensate large atrial septal defects with synthetic organ or pericardium. The study on acid-base balance during the cardiac correction with extracorporeal circulation to treat heart disorders will allow to control and stabilize acid-base balance, and ensure the normal functioning of organism during the operation. Subsequently, it may serve as basic information for prevention from complications during and after surgery.Materials and MethodsTotally 75 patients who are subjected to cardiac correction of atrial septals defects were involved in the survey. Blood samples were taken in 3 stages (at the beginning, in the process of surgery and at the end) since extracorporeal circulation was established, and subsequently it was determined blood acid-base (ðÍ), blood carbon partial pressure (ÐÑÎ2), blood oxygen partial pressure (ÐÎ2), base excess (ÂÅ) and blood base bicarbonate (ÍÑÎ3).ResultsThe amount of pH and pCO2 contained in blood during the extracorporeal circulation are most likely (p<0.001) differed statistically at the beginning, in the process, and at the ending part. At the beginning and during the process of correction there were revealed sub-compensated alkalosis whereas at the end of procedure there was sub-compensated acidosis. Also under influence of body temperature, the pH and pCO2 are statistically changed.Conclusions:1. Even pH was achieving in normal range before stopping the extracorporeal circulation, there has demand to rearranging system because of there has acidosis and alkalosis are coming out. 2. The buffer system such as pCO2 and BE are working for repairing the repiratory and metabolic alkalosis and acidosis by holding pH in normal range while at the beginning, in the process and at the end in stages of extracorporeal circulation.

History of surgical services in Mongolian medicine began at least from New Stone Ages (Neolithic Era). However, we decided to study usage of surgical instruments in Mongolian medicine from 1578 to the XIX century. Because, the third transmission of Buddhism into Mongolia occurred during the time of the Altan Khan of the Southern branch of Central Mongols, a descendent of Kublai Khan, tried to revive Mongol strength and unification. After that Undur Gegeen Zanabazar was also holding a religious service around his residence. Furthermore, in 1651 he established 7 parts of the Monastery including Financial, Lamasery, Food service, and Personal physician’s divisions based on his attendants, people, and lamas. The Personal physician’s division was one of the basis for the sect of “Four Medical Tantras”. Since that time the sect of “Four Medical Tantras,” had been spread effectively and many medical schools were established near the Buddhist temples in Mongolia. They respected “Four Medical Tantras,” and “Shun,” as the main scripts and focused to base it on their theory and practice.
During the research we identified that from the XVII century, Mongolian doctors and scientists wrote many commentary books on “Four Medical Tantras” and renewed some of the content of “Four Medical Tantras.” Especially, Agvanluvsandanbijaltsan and Jambaldorj wrote a medical and medicinal books including surgical instruments. Also Ishbaljir wrote practical book about internal medicine, surgical methods, and services.
The major conclusion to this study was that Mongolian nation established their own medical art, comprehensive knowledge, and surgical methods as well as updated surgical instruments during the XVII and XIX Century. Particularly, they could renewed surgical methods and surgical instruments, which came from Indian Ayurveda and Tibetan medicine.