BACKGROUND:Prostaglandin E1(PGE1)has been shown to play a regulatory role in vasodilatation,inflammation,and leukocyte migration and adhesion,but its effects on spinal cord microcirculation after traumatic spinal cord injury(SCI)remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the mechanism underlying the protective effects of PGE1 administered during the acute phase of traumatic SCI in rats on the regulation of vascular-related factors and microcirculatory function. METHODS:Seventy-two female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups(n=24 per group):control group,SCI group,and PGE1 group.An in vivo SCI model was established using Allen's blow method.Rats in the PGE1 group were injected with PGE1(10 μg/kg)via the tail vein immediately after SCI.Spinal cord microcirculatory blood flow and oxygen saturation,spinal cord microvessel diameter and area,spinal cord water content,vascular function regulators(von Willebrand factor,thromboxane A2,prostacyclin,endothelin-1),and inflammatory factors(tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-1β)were measured at 2 and 24 hours after SCI. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At 2 hours after SCI,the diameter and area of spinal cord microvessels,spinal cord microcirculatory blood flow,and oxygen saturation in the PGE1 group were higher than those in the SCI group(P<0.05),the water content of the spinal cord was lower than that in the SCI group(P<0.05),and the level of plasma von Willebrand Factor,the ratio of thromboxane A2/prostacyclin of the spinal cord and the level of endothelin-1 were lower than those in the SCI group(P<0.05).At 24 hours after SCI,the spinal cord microvessel area,blood flow,and oxygen saturation of rats in the PGE1 group were higher than those in the SCI group(P<0.05),the spinal cord water content was lower than that in the SCI group(P<0.05),and the levels of plasma von Willebrand factor,spinal cord tissue thromboxane A2/prostacyclin ratio and the levels of endothelin-1,tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β were lower than those in the SCI group(P<0.05).The diameter and area of spinal cord microvessels,spinal cord microcirculatory blood flow and blood oxygen saturation of rats in the SCI group were higher than those in the SCI group at 24 hours post-injury(P<0.05),and the levels of plasma von Willebrand factor,spinal tissue thromboxane A2/prostacyclin ratio,tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β were higher than those at 2 hours post-injury(P<0.05),but the level of endothelin-1 in spinal cord tissue was lower than that at 2 hours(P<0.05).The blood flow and oxygen saturation of spinal cord microcirculation in the PGE1 group rats at 24 hours post-injury were lower than those at 2 hours post-injury(P<0.05),and the diameter and area of spinal cord microvessels and water content of the spinal cord were higher than those at 2 hours post-injury(P<0.05).The above results indicate that intravenous administration of PGE1 in SCI rats immediately after injury can regulate vascular function regulators,inflammatory factors and improve microcirculation of the spinal cord after SCI,which provides a potential basis for the search of drugs for the treatment of acute SCI.

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is highly heterogeneous with different histopathologic grades. Its biological characteristics and clinical management are different. This study retrospectively analyzed 18F-FDG PET-CT metabolic parameters, clinical features, and their relationship with prognosis in 161 FL patients with different histopathological grades (grade 1-2, grade 3A, grade 3B) at the Shanxi Cancer Hospital. There were 93 cases in the grade 1-2 group, 40 cases in the grade 3A group, and 28 cases in the grade 3B group. The expression of LDH, CD10, EZH2, c-Myc, and CD37 proteins was correlated with histological grade (grade 1-2, grade 3A, and grade 3B) (all P values<0.05) . The SUVmax, TLG, TBR, and TLR for the three groups were different (all P values<0.05) . The optimal thresholds of SUVmax, MTV, TLG, TBR, and TLR for predicting FL disease progression were 8.32, 201.31, 2 342.55, 6.56, and 3.52, respectively, and the rate of disease progression increased in patients with higher thresholds (all P value<0.05) . β 2-MG (>2.3 μg/L) , Follicular lymphoma international prognostic index-1 (FLIPI-1) score (3-5 points) , negative CD37 expression, positive c-Myc expression, and TLG (>2 342.55 g) were all independent risk factors for PFS in the FL patients ( HR=3.609, 2.509, 0.255, 3.506, 13.531, all P value<0.05) . 18F-FDG PET-CT is a powerful complement to FL histopathological grading and the combination of the two may better predict the prognosis of FL patients.

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of miR-218-5p regulating the glycolytic process in human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells by targeting phosphodiesterase 7A(PDE7A).Methods:A549 cells were routinely cultured,and miR-218-5p mimic,mimic-NC,PDE7A overexpression plasmid(PDE7A-oe)and PDE7A control plasmid(PDE7A-NC)were transfected into A549 cells using Lipo3000,and recorded as the miR-218-5p mimic group,the mimic-NC group,the PDE7A-oe group and the PDE7A-NC group.The transfection efficiency was verified by qPCR assay;the expressions of glycolysis key enzyme proteins were detected by WB assay;the 2-deoxyglucose and lactate contents in A549 cells of each transfection group were detected by glucose assay and lactate production assay;the target binding relationship between miR-218-5p and PDE7A was verified by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay,and the data from the TCGA database were used to analyze the expression level of PDE7A mRNA in lung cancer tissues.Results:miR-218-5p was successfully overexpressed in A549 cells(P<0.01).Overexpression of miR-218-5p significantly inhibited the expressions of PDE7A,HK2,PKM2 proteins(all P<0.01),glucose uptake and lactate production(both P<0.01)in A549 cells.Overexpression of PDE7A significantly promoted the expressions of PDE7A,HK2,and PKM2 proteins(all P<0.01),as well as glucose uptake and lactate production(both P<0.01)in A549 cells.miR-218-5p in A549 cells could directly bind to the 3′-UTR of PDE7A mRNA.Database data analysis showed that PDE7A mRNA was highly expressed in lung squamous cell carcinoma tissues(P<0.01).Conclusion:miR-218-5p targets PDE7A to regulate the expression levels of HK2 and PKM2 in A549 cells,which in turn inhibits the glycolytic process.miR-218-5p/PDE7A may be a potential target for clinical diagnosis and treatment of NSCLC.

With the escalation of plastic bans and restrictions, bio-based plastics, represented by polylactic acid (PLA), have become a major alternative to traditional plastics in the current market and are unanimously regarded as having potential for development. However, there are still several misconceptions about bio-based plastics, whose complete degradation requires specific composting conditions. Bio-based plastics might be slow to degrade when it is released into the natural environment. They might also be harmful to humans, biodiversity and ecosystem function as traditional petroleum-based plastics do. In recent years, with the increasing production capacity and market size of PLA plastics in China, there is an urgent need to investigate and further strengthen the management of the life cycle of PLA and other bio-based plastics. In particular, the in-situ biodegradability and recycling of hard-to-recycle bio-based plastics in the ecological environment should be focused. This review introduces the characteristics, synthesis and commercialization of PLA plastics, summarizes the current research progress of microbial and enzymatic degradation of PLA plastics, and discusses their biodegradation mechanisms. Moreover, two bio-disposal methods against PLA plastic waste, including microbial in-situ treatment and enzymatic closed-loop recycling, are proposed. At last, the prospects and trends for the development of PLA plastics are presented.
Humans ; Ecosystem ; Biodegradable Plastics ; Polyesters ; Biodegradation, Environmental

Objective: To explore the relationship between the muscle mass index (MMI) and the aggregation of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) in children and adolescents, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases in children and adolescents. Methods: The current situation study design was adopted, and 1 622 children and adolescents aged 12-17 years old in Yinchuan City were selected by a cluster random sampling method. All subjects were subjected to questionnaire survey, physical examination, body composition determination and laboratory index testing. Results: When other variables were not adjusted, MMI was a risk factor for the aggregation of cardiovascular risk factors ( P <0.01). After adjusting for age, gender and BMI, MMI became a protective factor for CVRFs≥1 ( OR =0.74, 95% CI =0.62-0.89), compared with insufficient MMI, the risk of developing CVRFs≥1 with good MMI and sufficient MMI was 0.60(95% CI =0.46-0.79), 0.56(95% CI =0.37- 0.85 ) times. The risk of CVRFs≥2 was 0.54(95% CI =0.37-0.79), 0.51(95% CI =0.30-0.87) times, and similar results were found in boys ( P <0.05). Conclusion Under the same BMI level, muscle mass index is a protective factor for cardiovascular risk factor aggregation in children and adolescents. Physical exercise of children and adolescents should be emphasized to maintain the best muscle mass and weight.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between hypertriglyceridemic waist (HTW) phenotype and abnormal blood pressure in children and adolescents in Yinchuan City, Ningxia, and to provide scientific basis for early identification and prevention of hypertension. Methods: A cluster sampling method was adopted to select 1 566 children and adolescents in Yinchuan. All participants completed questionnaire survey, physical measurement and biochemical examination. Results: In general, after adjusting for age, smoking, drinking, and family history of hypertension, compared with the normal triglyceride normal waist (NWNT) phenotype, the enlarged waist (EW) and HTW phenotypes both increased the risk of abnormal blood pressure ( OR EW =2.62, 95% CI =1.87-3.67; OR HTW =3.97, 95% CI =2.30-6.86); the risk of abnormal blood pressure in boys with EW and HTW phenotypes was that of boys with NTNW phenotype, respectively 3.80 times (95% CI =2.35-6.15) and 3.32 times (95% CI =1.59-6.92) of girls EW and HTW phenotypes. The risk of abnormal blood pressure in girls with EW and HTW phenotypes was that of girls with NTNW phenotype, respectively 1.72 times (95% CI =1.06-2.82) and 4.62 times(95% CI =1.97-10.85). Conclusion The hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotypes among children and adolescents in Yinchuan is significantly correlated with increased risk of abnormal blood pressure. More attention should be paid to triglyceride level and waist circumference among children and adolescents.

Botulinum toxin type A (BTX A) has gain widespread use in various neurological conditions, characterized by safe injection and less side-effect. This review will examine the current research of BTX A in the following aspects: mechanism, location, dose and outcome, which manifests the safety and efficacy data of BTX A injection treatment to the symptoms of Parkinson disease, including refractory tremor, focal dystonia, loss of postural reflexes, sialorrhea, gastrointestinal symptoms and depressive disorder.

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics and genetics of a pedigree with Stargardt disease, and investigate the pathogenicity of ABCA4 (ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 4) gene mutations in Stargardt disease.Methods:The proband was admitted to the Second People′s Hospital of Jinan in May 2021 due to diminution of vision. The proband was diagnosed with Stargardt disease according to the clinical diagnostic criteria of Stargardt disease. Detailed ophthalmological examinations was also performed on family members of the proband. Genomic DNA were extracted from the proband and the family members, and the whole exon sequencing was performed to find pathogenic gene mutations. The hazard of mutations was analyzed by polyphen-2, SIFT and MutationTaster websites. Sanger sequencing was used to verify the mutations. Conserved analysis of homologous species and 3-dimensional (3D) molecular model of the protein were used to analyze the pathogenicity.Results:Ophthalmological examinations showed reduced binocular vision, macular atrophy and "bull′s eye sign" in the proband and there was no abnormal signs and symptoms among the family members. Through whole exon sequencing analysis and Sanger sequencing verification, the compound heterozygous mutations (c.215G>A and c.6563T>C) of ABCA4 gene were co-segregated with this disease in this family. SIFT, Polyphen-2 and MutationTaster predicted that these two mutations were pathogenic. Conservative analysis and 3D molecular model of protein showed that mutations could cause changes in protein structure and affect protein function.Conclusion:The compound heterozygous mutations (C.215G>A and C.6563T>C) of ABCA4 gene are the pathogenic mutations of Stargardt disease in this pedigree.

Objective: To analyze the interaction of fat mass (FM) and fat free mass (FFM) on the aggregation of cardiovascular disease risk factors (CVRFs) among children and adolescents in Yinchuan City, China, so as to provide scientific basis for the prevention of CVRFs and cardiovascular disease in children and adolescents. Methods: A total of 1 822 children and adolescents aged 12 to 18 years in Yinchuan City were randomly selected for questionnaire survey, physical examination, body composition assessment and laboratory tests, through a cluster sampling method from 2017 to 2020. Binary Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between FM, FFM and the aggregation of CVRFs, and their interaction was analyzed. Results: After adjusting for sex and age, the risk of having CVRFs aggregation ≥1 in high FM and low FFM group and high FM and high FFM group was 2.01(95% CI =1.46-2.77) and 3.64(95% CI =2.66-4.98) times higher than that in low FM and low FFM group, and the risk of having CVRFs aggregation ≥2 was 1.67(95% CI =1.06-2.63) and 4.20 (95% CI =2.76-6.38) times, respectively( P <0.05). There was a multiplicative interaction between FM and FFM, which increased the risk of CVRFs aggregration ≥1 and ≥2. The adjusted OR and 95% CI were 1.58(1.04-2.40) and 1.95(1.12-3.42), respectively( P <0.05). Conclusion The results indicated the additive and multiplicative interactions between high levels of fat mass and fat free mass on the aggregation of cardiovascular risk factors, which increased the risk of aggregation of cardiovascular risk factors.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and prognostic factors in core binding factor (CBF) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) under current therapy modalities, therefore optimizing the treatment strategies. Methods: Standard cytological and immune methods including next generation sequencing (NGS) were used for risk stratification. Complete remission (CR) rate, disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed by multivariate Logistic and Cox regression models in a total of 206 adults (aged 16-65 years) with CBF-AML, including 152 AML patients with t(8;21) and 54 with inv(16). Results: The CR rate of inv(16) patients after first course was 54/54(100%), significantly higher than that of t(8;21) patients [127/147(86.4%), P=0.005]. The fusion transcript level and KIT mutation were independent factors related to CR rate in t(8;21) patients (P=0.044 and 0.027; respectively). DFS and OS in inv(16) patients tended to be more superior than that in t(8;21) patients (P=0.066 for DFS; P=0.306 for OS; respectively). Multivariate Cox identified negative expression of CD₁₉ and female gender the independent predictors of inferior DFS in t(8;21) patients (P=0.000 for CD₁₉; P=0.006 for sex; respectively). Analysis of combining CD₁₉ with gender indicated that females/CD₁^9-subpopulation had significantly poor DFS than did males/CD₁₉⁺ ones (Bonferroni-P<0.000 01). The number of mutations in each patient, FLT3-ITD and additional karyotype abnormalities did not affect CR rate and DFS (all P>0.05). Conclusions Patients with inv(16) have better induction response than those with t(8;21). High level of fusion transcripts and positive KIT mutation are associated with low CR rate in t(8;21) patients. Negative CD₁₉ expression and female gender are independent predictors of inferior DFS in t(8;21) patients.