1.Tissue Window versus Time Window? A Review of Patients Receiving Extended Hours Thrombolysis Guided By DWI-FLAIR Mismatch : Case Series
Anna Misya&rsquo ; il Abdul Rashid ; Mohamad Syafeeq Faeez Md Noh ; Abdul Hanif Khan Yusof Khan ; Wei Chao Loh ; Janudin Baharin ; Azliza Ibrahim ; Liyana Najwa Inche Mat ; Wan Aliaa Wan Sulaiman ; Fan Kee Hoo ; Hamidon Basri
Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences 2022;18(No.3):182-187
Introduction: Intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) is the gold standard for the treatment of patients with acute ischemic
stroke (AIS) presenting within four and a half hours of onset. However, development of new thrombolytic agents and
advanced imaging has led to extended time for thrombolysis based on advanced imaging. Here we describe four
patients who presented in the extended hours; that benefitted from thrombolysis. Case series: We advocate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for AIS, that includes diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), apparent diffusion coefficient
(ADC), fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI), and magnetic resonance
angiography (MRA). We included four patients who were more than 18 years old, with National Institute of Health
Stroke Scale (NIHSS) of six or more, presenting between four and a half to nine hours after stroke onset with no contraindications for intravenous thrombolysis. The imaging criteria used to determine eligibility for IVT is evidence of
DWI-FLAIR mismatch on MRI. If FLAIR detects no signal change in the area of stroke on DWI, it is then termed DWIFLAIR mismatch, or FLAIR-negative – indicating high probability that the brain tissue is still viable, and that patients
are good candidates for IVT. Conclusion: For patients with AIS who present within nine hours, DWI-FLAIR mismatch
serves as an excellent surrogate marker of salvageable brain tissue, allowing a greater proportion of patients benefiting from this life-saving therapy. Our experience also shows that with careful patient selection, treatment with IVT
can safely be given without an increased risk of bleeding or mortality.