Introduction: According to the World Health Organization, 251 vaccines against coronavirus infection are under development. Although vaccination has been introduced nationwide to prevent coronavirus infection, vaccine activity varies (50-95%), and the risk of infection and complications may vary depending on the individual’s physical condition and immune activity. In addition, due to the prevalence of variant of concern, which reduces the activity of some vaccines and increases the risk of complications and mortality of COVID-19, each country and region needs to improve the knowledge and attitudes of citizens about the vaccine. there is a need to study. Goal: To study the knowledge and attitudes of people who have been vaccinated against COVID-19 among the target population of Uvs province. Materials and methods: The study was conducted using a descriptive method of observational research. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used to collect the survey data, and the data were collected in April 2021 through a questionnaire. A random sample of 4,212 people from 11 organizations involved in the Covid-19 vaccine was randomly selected from 24 organizations, and a total of 264 people were surveyed using 12 types of Covid-19 vaccine and analyzed using SPSS software. Result: According to the results of the survey, 4212 people from 11 organizations and 24 people from each organization were randomly selected from a total of 264 people. Mostly female participants (57.5%) have been included in this study. 67.4% of the respondents reported that they do not feel fear associated with vaccination and it means that most of the participants did not show any signs of panic. 91.2% participants did not have any symptoms after the vaccination. 30.4% from total participants was used anti-inflammatory or pain relief pills after vaccination at home. 45.8% of the respondents self reported that they have moderate knowledge about Covid-19 vaccine. Conclusion Overall knowledge of people from Uvs province was insufficient. However, attitude was good enough.

Introduction: Quality of pharmaceutical products is very important because drugs must be marketed as safe and therapeutically active formulations whose performance is consistent and predictable. The evaluation of the physical characteristics of the pharmaceutical products can ensure their quality as well as bioavailability and impart optimum therapeutic activity. Metronidazole was chosen for this comparative study because this drug is widely used worldwide in the treatment of amoebiasis and other microbial diseases. Method: The quality control parameters of five different brands of metronidazole 500 mg tablets were determined weight variation, friability, hardness, and disintegration, dissolution and assay tests. All the tablets were evaluated for conformity with British Pharmacopoeia (BP) and Mongolian Pharmacopoeia-National Formulary (MP-NF) standards. Results: Among five brands of tablets Brand М3 had lower mean weight variation of 0.8% and Brand М1 had highest mean weight variation of 3.42%. For friability test Brand М2 had the lowest mean friability (0.57) and Brand М1 had highest mean friability (1.51). The disintegration time for five brands of ciprofloxacin tablet obtained were in the subsequent order: Brand М1 (2.82 min) < Brand М3 (8.8 min) < Brand М4 (12.32 min) < Brand М5 (13.82 min) < Brand М1 (39.22 min). Conclusion The present study revealed that all of the leading brands (M1, M2, M3, M4, M5) of this tablet met the quality control parameters as per pharmacopoeial specifications.

Background : Diabetic ketoacidosis, an early and common complication at the initial diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes Mel litus (T1DM), remains a significant clinical concern. The high prevalence of this complication in the pediatric population provided the rationale for conducting the present study. Aim: Our study aims to compare the incidence, clinical features, and physical measurements associated with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at the time of initial diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM), and to classify the severity of DKA based on selected laboratory findings. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study of newly diagnosed T1DM with DKA in children aged less than 18 years old at National Center for Maternal and Child Health during the period 2017-2022. The study compared the analysis of medical and laboratory records from patients medical charts. The severity of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) was classified based on laboratory criteria according to the 2022 guidelines of the International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD). The study data were analyzed using STATA-16.0. Results: During the period from 2017 to 2022, a total of 124 children under 18 years of age (mean age: 9.11±3.84 years) were newly diagnosed with T1DM and included in the study, of whom 67.7% (n=84) presented with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Of the children with DKA, 57.2% (n=48) had severe, 17.8% (n=15) had moderate, and 25.0% (n=21) had mild severity. Girls were more frequently affected (67.1%, n=47; p=0.871). Having a viral infection before the first diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (51.2%, n=43, p=0.011) and having high blood glucose levels at that time (25.8±9.32 mmol/l, p=0.012) were statistically significantly associated with diabetic ketoacidosis. The blood gas analysis of children with ketoacidosis showed pH 7.05±0.15, HCO3 8.68±4.27 mEq/l, and the group with severe ketoacidosis had higher blood potassium levels (4.08±0.8 mEq/l, 3.6±0.56 mEq/l, p=0.049) and blood glucose levels (28.37±9.23 mmol/L, 21.96±9.18 mmol/L, p=0.012) compared to the group with mild ketoacidosis. Conclusions 1. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) was identified in 67.7% (n=84) of the children included in the study. 2. At the initial diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM), vomiting and fatigue were the predominant clinical manifestations of DKA. 3. Severe DKA was observed in 57.1% (n=48) of the participants, with elevated serum potassium and glucose levels noted as contributing factors to the severity of ketoacidosis.

Introduction: Ciprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that acts against a number of bacterial infections. The study was carried out to examine the in vitro quality control tests for five leading brands of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride 500 mg tablet formulation, registered in Mongolia. The quality control parameters of five different brands of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride 500 mg tablets were determined weight variation, friability, hardness, and disintegration, dissolution and assay tests. In addition, 0 and first order kinetic models were applied for each sample. Method: All the tablets were evaluated for conformity with British Pharmacopoeia (BP) and Mongolian Pharmacopoeia-National Formulary (MP-NF) standards. Results: Among five brands of tablets Brand C had lower mean weight variation of 0.8% and Brand A had highest mean weight variation of 3.42%. For friability test Brand B had the lowest mean friability (0.57) and Brand A had highest mean friability (1.51). The percentages of the drug content of five brands of ciprofloxacin tablet were obtained in the following sequence: Brand E (98.4 %) < Brand C (100.3%) < Brand D (115.1%) < Brand A (138.5%) < Brand B (183.8%). E and C brands met the BP and MP-NF specifications for assay Conclusion The present study revealed that Brand A, B and D the leading brands of this tablet not met the quality control parameters as per pharmacopoeia specifications expect dissolution test for some brands (Brand A, Brand B).