2.A Case of Azithromycin Therapy for Tsutsugamushi Disease During Pregnancy.
Kwang Seok KIM ; Jin Wook CHOI ; Ho Jong SEO ; Ki Hoon KIM ; Sung Ho PARK ; Kwang Seob SEO ; Sung Maan KO ; Soon hye KIM ; Ho Jung KIM
Korean Journal of Infectious Diseases 2001;33(5):380-380
No abstract available.
Azithromycin*
;
Pregnancy*
;
Scrub Typhus*
3.The Effect of Azithromycin on the Cyclosporin- Ainduced Gingival Fibroblast Overgrowth.
Hyuen Soo NOH ; Won Yoon CHUNG ; Seong Ho CHOI ; Kyoo Sung CHO ; Kwang Kyun PARK
The Journal of the Korean Academy of Periodontology 2003;33(4):643-650
No abstract available.
Azithromycin*
;
Fibroblasts*
;
Gingival Hyperplasia
4.Oral Azithromycin Vs Intravenous Ceftriaxone in the treatment of Enteric Fever: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Mark Jensen C. Sy ; Florentina U. Ty
Pediatric Infectious Disease Society of the Philippines Journal 2020;21(2):48-54
Background:
Typhoid fever, also known as enteric fever, is a severe systemic illness characterized by fever and gastrointestinal manifestations that commonly affects children and young adults. It is most prevalent in SouthCentral Asia, Southern Africa, and Southeast Asia. Alternative drugs for the treatment of enteric fever have been studied to decrease toxicity and increase compliance. Oral azithromycin has been proposed and is widely studied as a suitable treatment alternative.
Objective:
The objective of this study is to compare oral azithromycin with intravenous ceftriaxone in the treatment of uncomplicated typhoid fever in terms of cure, duration of fever, relapse, and adverse events.
Methodology:
A systematic review and meta-analysis were done with eligible studies taken from PUBMED, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Clinical Trial Registry. Six studies passed the eligibility criteria and were analyzed using Review Manager 5.3.
Results:
Azithromycin showed comparable results with ceftriaxone in terms of cure, duration of fever and adverse events. However, azithromycin proved superior in decreasing relapse.
Conclusion:
Azithromycin is comparable to ceftriaxone in the treatment of uncomplicated typhoid fever in terms of cure, duration of fever, and occurrence of adverse events. Azithromycin likewise had a lower incidence of relapse.
Recommendations
We recommend conducting local trials in pediatric patients, to compare azithromycin with standard antibiotic regimen for typhoid fever, to help update local recommendations and expand choices for antibiotic use.
Typhoid Fever
;
Azithromycin
;
Ceftriaxone
5.A Randomised Study Comparing the Efficacy of Low-Dose Oral Azithromycin versus Doxycycline in Combination with Topical Benzoyl Peroxide in the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Acne Vulgaris
Darshni Chandrasakaranpillay ; Ting Guan Ng
Malaysian Journal of Dermatology 2021;47(Dec 2021):2-11
Background:
Acne vulgaris is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease. Long term therapy involving antibiotics
warrants for drug with a long half-life to increase compliance of patients.
Methods:
A twelve-week prospective randomized study was performed on 40 subjects with moderate to severe
facial acne to compare the efficacy of oral azithromycin with oral doxycycline. Thirty-six subjects
completed the study. Subjects in azithromycin group received azithromycin 250mg three times
a week plus topical benzoyl peroxide 5% (BPO), whereas subjects in doxycycline group received
doxycycline 100mg daily plus topical BPO 5%. Efficacy evaluation included treatment success rate
(Comprehensive Acne Severity Score /CASS of 0 or 1 or improvement of two grades from baseline)
and lesion counts.
Results:
Treatment was successful in 94.4% of subjects in azithromycin group, compared to 88.9% in
doxycycline group (p=1.000) at week 12.However, percentage of clear or almost clear by CASS was
higher in the doxycycline group ( 83.3% vs 66.7%; p= 0.443).Percentage reduction of inflammatory
lesion counts in azithromycin and doxycycline group following treatment for 12 weeks were 78.3%
and 85.3% (p=0.133) respectively, whereas for non-inflammatory lesion counts were 77.7% and
78.8% (p=0.852) respectively. Nausea was reported in 77.8% at week 6 and 66.7% at week 12 in
doxycycline group, but none in azithromycin group. There were no significant differences in incidence
of diarrhoea and abdominal pain.
Conclusion
Azithromycin 250mg three times a week plus topical BPO 5% is as effective as doxycycline 100mg
daily plus topical BPO 5%.
Azithromycin
;
Doxycycline
;
Acne Vulgaris--therapy
6.Detection of Clarithromycin-resistant Strains from Clinical Isolates of Mycobacterium abscessus.
Seung Heon LEE ; Young Kil PARK ; Sung Weon RYO ; Myung Sup SHIM ; Woo Jin LEW ; Hee Jin KIM
Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases 2008;64(6):422-426
BACKGROUND: Mycobacterium abscessus is the most pathogenic and drug-resistant rapid-growing mycobacterium. Clarithromycin or azithromycin are the only regular oral antimycobacterial agents that have an effect on M. abscessus. We tried to detect the clarithromycin-resistant strains from the clinical isolates of M. abscessus. METHODS: We tried to isolate the clarithromycin-resistant strains from 220 clinical isolates of M. abscessus by performing using reverse hybridization assay (RHA) and the broth microdilution test (BMT). RESULTS: Seven resistant strains (3.2%) from all the tested clinical isolates were detected by BMT. Three of these resistant strains were also detected by RHA and it was confirmed that they had point mutants. CONCLUSION: These results showed that clarithromycin resistance in M. abscessus clinical isolates is related to a point mutation and other unknown mechanisms.
Anti-Bacterial Agents
;
Azithromycin
;
Chimera
;
Clarithromycin
;
Mycobacterium
;
Point Mutation
7.Prevalence of Bordetella pertussis infection in children with chronic cough and its clinical features.
Dan-Xia WU ; Qiang CHEN ; Lan LI ; Kun-Ling SHEN ; Kai-Hu YAO
Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 2019;21(1):18-23
OBJECTIVE:
To investigate the prevalence of Bordetella pertussis infection in children with chronic cough and its clinical features.
METHODS:
A total of 106 children who were treated at the outpatient service or hospitalized from January 1, 2016 to May 31, 2017 were enrolled. Their nasopharyngeal swabs and venous blood samples were collected for Bordetella pertussis culture, multiple PCR and serum anti-pertussis toxin antibody detection. According to these results, the children were divided into pertussis group with 26 children and control group with 80 children, and clinical features were analyzed for both groups. E-test stripes were used to determine the sensitivity of Bordetella pertussis strains to erythromycin, azithromycin, doxycycline, levofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and amoxicillin.
RESULTS:
Of the 106 children with chronic cough, 26 (24.5%) were found to have Bordetella pertussis infection. There were no significant differences in the incidence rates of typical symptoms of pertussis between the pertussis and control groups (P>0.05). E-test showed that erythromycin and azithromycin had a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of >256 mg/L against five Bordetella pertussis strains, while amoxicillin had an MIC of 0.5-1 mg/L.
CONCLUSIONS
The presence of Bordetella pertussis infection in children with chronic cough should be taken seriously by clinicians, and children with chronic cough and Bordetella pertussis infection may not have the typical symptoms of pertussis and are mainly manifested as chronic cough. Amoxicillin may be an alternative drug for macrolide-resistant Bordetella pertussis infection.
Azithromycin
;
Bordetella pertussis
;
Child
;
Humans
;
Prevalence
;
Whooping Cough
;
epidemiology
8.Meta-analysis of Xiaoer Xiaoji Zhike Oral Liqud combined with azithromycin in treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia in children.
Tian-Li LI ; Feng-Lan PU ; Yang WU ; Guo-Zhen ZHAO ; Hong-Zheng LI ; Qiu-Xiao MA ; Bo LI
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 2020;45(9):2193-2202
Systematic evaluation of the effectiveness and safety of Xiaoer Xiaoji Zhike Oral Liqud combined with azithromycin in the treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia in children. Clinical literatures were retrieved from PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMbase, VIP, CNKI, SinoMed, WanFang from inception to September 2019. Two reviewers independently screened out the literatures, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. Then, Meta-analysis was performed by RevMan 5.3 software. A total of 17 RCT were included, involving 1 712 patients. In this study, there were two subgroups by the application approach of azithromycin: oral azithromycin subgroup and intravenous azithromycin subgroup. According to Meta-analysis results, in terms of the alleviation of clinical symptoms and signs, such as shortening of antifebrile time, cough disappeared time, rales disappearance time, and lung X-ray infiltrating shadow disappearance time, Xiaoer Xiaoji Zhike Oral Liquid combined with oral azithromycin or intravenous azithromycin were better than single-dose azithromycin; in the aspect of the improvement of the overall effective rate, the two combination subgroups were better than the single-use azithromycin; In terms of the decline of IgM, the combination subgroups were also more efficient than the single-use azithromycin, with statistically significant differences. In terms of the incidence of adverse reactions, there was no significant difference between the two combination subgroups and the single-use azithromycin in children, and no serious adverse reactions were found. In inclusion, Xiaoer Xiaoji Zhike Oral Liquid combined with azithromycin can improve the clinical efficacy in treating pediatric mycoplasma pneumonia, with a high safety. Due to the limited quantity and quality of the included studies, more high-quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.
Azithromycin
;
Child
;
Cough
;
Drugs, Chinese Herbal
;
Humans
;
Pneumonia, Mycoplasma
9.Detection of ermAM Gene and mefA Gene in Erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus Pyogenes.
Yun Jeong KIM ; Hye Soo LEE ; Sam Im CHOI ; Seon Ju KIM
Korean Journal of Infectious Diseases 1999;31(6):494-499
BACKGROUND: The mechanism of erythromycin resistance of Streptococcus pyogenes results from target modification or active efflux. The purpose of this study was to determine the positive rate of ermAM gene modifying 23S rRNA and that of mefA gene related with efflux for erythromycin-resistant S. pyogenes. METHODS: The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, and clindamycin against S. pyogenes were tested by agar dilution method. ermAM and mefA genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for 32 strains of erythromycin-resistant S. pyogenes. RESULTS: Among the 32 erythromycin-resistant S. pyogenes strains, 20 (62.5%) strains were positive for ermAM gene and 10 (31.1%) for mefA gene. Eighteen (90.0%) out of 20 strains with ermAM gene showed high-level erythromycin resistance (MIC> OR =64 microgram/mL), while all ten strains with mefA gene had low-level erythromycin resistance (MIC< OR =16 microgram/mL). CONCLUSION: Two-thirds of the S. pyogenes strains acquired erythromycin resistance by modification of target site, while the others by active efflux. Each mechanism of resistance is closely associated with range of MICs of erythromycin.
Agar
;
Azithromycin
;
Clarithromycin
;
Clindamycin
;
Erythromycin
;
Polymerase Chain Reaction
;
Streptococcus pyogenes*
;
Streptococcus*
10.Tsutsugamushi Disease in a Pregnant Woman.
Man Chul PARK ; Ji Eun KIM ; Song Eun HO ; Il Whan PARK ; Jin Wan PARK
Korean Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2004;47(10):2025-2028
Tsutsugamushi disease (scrub typhus) is a rickettsian febrile disease which is seldom found in pregnancy. A 28-year-old woman was infected with scrub typhus at the 22th week of gestation which was diagnosed on the basis of clinical features. A serology for Tsutsugamushi was negative at that time. Therapy with tetracycline (doxycycline) or chloramphenicol is currently recommended for the treatment. However these drugs which are class D drugs according to the USA FDA, and Fetal Risk Summary, should not be used to treat pregnant women. Recently azithromycin, a new macrolide antibiotic, has been proven to be more effective than doxycycline. Moreover, there is no evidence that azithromycin causes harm to the developing fetus or to children. Here we describe a pregnant patient with Tsutsugamushi disease who was treated successfully with azithromycin without complications.
Adult
;
Azithromycin
;
Child
;
Chloramphenicol
;
Doxycycline
;
Female
;
Fetus
;
Humans
;
Pregnancy
;
Pregnant Women*
;
Scrub Typhus*
;
Tetracycline