1.Dietary Trans Fatty Acids Intake and its Relation to Dyslipidemia in a Sample of Adults in Depok City, West Java, Indonesia
Malaysian Journal of Nutrition 2011;17(3):337-346
Introduction: The Basic Health Research of the Ministry of Health Indonesia in
2008 reported that the single most important cause of death was stroke, in both
urban and rural populations. The risk factors underlying the cause of death are
associated with hypertension, obesity and dyslipidemia. The purpose of thi s
study was to determine the mean intake of trans fatty acids and its relation to
dyslipidemia in a sample of Indonesian adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study
was conducted on a total of 180 adult male and female respondents aged 35-60
years living in rural and urban areas of Depok city, West Java. Dietary intake
was assessed by means of 24-hour recall and semi-quantitative FFQ. Results: The
mean intake of trans fatty acids was 0.48% of total calories (urban 0.40% and rural
0.55%). The prevalence of dyslipidemia in the rural and urban subjects were
61.1% and 66.7%, respectively. There was a statistically significant relationship
between trans fatty acids intake and hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia.
Conclusion: The intake of trans fatty acid among the Indonesian
adults studied was half the recommended level. The high prevalence of
dyslipidemia found indicates the need for intervention to reduce the rising
incidence of cardiovascular diseases in Indonesia
2.Risk Factors And Changes In Successful Aging Among Older Individuals In Indonesia
Laila Ulfa ; Ratu Ayu Dewi Sartika
Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine 2019;19(1):126-133
Successful aging is a universal goal, but it is a challenge owing to declining physical, psychological, and social conditions that occur with increasing age. The aim of this study was to analyze risk factors and changes in successful aging among older individuals (≥ 60) in Indonesia. This longitudinal study (2000 to 2014) used data from the Indonesia Life Survey (IFLS). Successful aging was defined with physical, mental and social health based on the available questionnaire. The univariate analysis and chi-square- test was used in this study. Of the 801 individuals followed up, 588 (93.2%) were found to have unsuccessful aging and 43 (6.8%) older person showed a change from unsuccessful to successful aging. The proportion of older persons mental and social unhealthy were higher than physical. Factors significantly relating to unsuccessful aging included female sex (p < 0.001), living in rural areas (p < 0.05) or movement from rural to urban areas (p < 0.05), unemployed (p < 0.001), movement from employed to unemployed (p < 0.001), unmarried (p < 0.001) and underweight (p < 0.05). Older individuals who are not categorized as successful aging at the age of ≥ 60 years can still change for better success in aging at ≥ 74 years of age. Maintaining mental and social health of older individuals can be achieved through their empowerment by providing opportunities for social activity and work productivity in the community.
4.Psychological Asssessment and Management of Trauma Survivors
Geshina Ayu Mat Saat ; Nadiah Syariani Md Shariff
Malaysian Journal of Health Sciences 2015;13(2):19-35
This article describes the psychological assessment and management for trauma survivors. An appropriate assessment is essential to ensure that psychotherapy, behavioural treatment and support networks are sufficient for the trauma survivor’s long-term needs or until the individual is capable of functioning normally. In line with the mission of the American Psychological Association (APA) Division 56 (Trauma Psychology), this article suggests practical guidelines for psychologists, counselors and social health workers. Issues discussed include definition of trauma, post-incident symptoms and trauma recovery. Among the types of trauma examined were cancer, sudden death, sexual abuse and AIDS. A working model to initiate assessment was presented together with projected treatment modalities. Additionally, this article also incorporates knowledge on profesional and public education about dissociation, trauma and trauma related disorders besides strengthening knowledge about trauma, dissociation and disorders related to chronic trauma. This article also supports communication and cooperation among clinicians and other profesionals in the field of dissociation and trauma as well as stimulating national and international research projects. Different individuals react differently to a similar event. A person may experience trauma as a reaction to the event while another person may not. Not all individuals who experience a potentially traumatic event will be psychologically traumatised.
Behavioral Medicine
5.Sociodemographic Profile, Contraceptive Practice and Awareness of HIV Infection among Unmarried Postpartum Women in a Tertiary Centre in Malaysia
Mustafa KB ; Noraziana AW ; Ayu AS ; Suhaiza A ; Awang M
The International Medical Journal Malaysia 2014;13(2):41-47
To describe the sociodemographic profile, contraceptive practice, and awareness of HIV infection
among unmarried post partum women in the biggest government hospital in Pahang. Methods: A cross sectional
questionnaire-proforma-based study was conducted for one year duration from August 2010 until July 2011
by identifying and recruiting all the unmarried women upon admission for delivery. Basic information were
obtained from the use of patients’ case notes, and further related and necessary information were obtained
from a direct face-to-face interview based on a proforma. Results: A total of 121 unmarried women were
identified and recruited. The age ranged from 13 to 36 years with a mean age of 21.6 years. 31.4% were
teenagers. Only 16% of patients have tertiary education, and 2.5% never had any formal education. About one
third of the women were smokers or ex-smokers, 7.5% had consumed alcohol, but none denied ever use of any
recreational drugs. Almost 9% has prior history of being sexually assaulted. About three quarter of the women
never used any contraceptive method. Majority of the patients (85.1%) were aware of HIV transmission risk;
75% never had any antenatal checkup or booked at late gestation (> 20 weeks); and 45.8% were not aware of
any support groups for single mothers. Conclusion: Single unmarried women are associated with disadvantaged
sociodemographic profile. Contraceptive practice was also very low despite significant awareness towards risk
of HIV infection. Further follow up, support and care should be offered to these women.
6.Effects of Carbohydrate Mouth Rinsing on Salivary Lysozyme, Mood States and Running Performance Among Recreational Runners
Ayu Suzailiana Muhamad ; Nurul Fatin Raihan Mohd Puad ; Garry Kuan
Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences 2020;27(1):87-96
Introduction: Carbohydrate (CHO) mouth rinsing can enhance sports performance
through a central action mediated by receptors in the mouth. This study examined the effect of a
CHO mouth rinse on salivary lysozyme concentrations, mood states and running performances.
Methods: Ten males recreational runners were randomised to three running trials with a
1 week recovery period between the trials. Each trial involved running at 75% maximum heart rate
(HRmax) for 1 h, followed by a 15 min time trial. The participants used a CHO mouth rinse, placebo
(PLA) solution or control (CON, no solution) every 15 min during the exercise. Heart rate (HR),
rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and mood states were recorded pre-, during and post-exercise.
Saliva samples were collected pre-, post- and 1 h post-exercise.
Results: There was no significant interaction and time effect (P > 0.05) on the salivary
lysozyme concentration and running performance, but it was significant (P < 0.05) for HR and RPE
(increase in all trials). However, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in salivary lysozyme
concentrations, running performances, HR values or RPE between the trials. Mood states were
not significantly different (P > 0.05) between the trials, but one of the mood sub-scales showed a
significant (P < 0.001) time effect (increase fatigue in all trials).
Conclusion: CHO mouth rinsing did not affect physiological parameters, salivary lysozyme
concentrations, mood states or running performance among recreational runners.
7.Associations Between Personality Traits And Aggression Among Malay Adult Male Inmates In Malaysia
Mohammad Rahim Kamaluddin ; Nadiah Syariani Md Shariff ; Azizah Othman ; Khaidzir Hj Ismail ; Geshina Ayu Mat Saat
ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry 2014;15(2):176-185
Objective: A sizable body of criminology literature has suggested that personality
factors are critical to the development of aggressive behaviour. While research
on personality focusing on aggression often revolves on "Eynseck Three Factor
Model" and "Big Five Model", research on "Alternative Five Factor Model"
(AFFM) is rather inadequate. Objective: The present study aimed to examine the
association between five types of personality traits and subscales of aggression.
Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was conducted in two prisons
in Peninsular Malaysia among 198 Malay adult male inmates. The participants
were selected based on the purposive sampling method from those who were
convicted for various types of crime. Two psychometric instruments adapted to
the Malaysian context were used: Malay version of Zuckerman-Kuhlman
Personality Questionnaire-40-Cross Culture (ZKPQ-M-40-CC) and Aggression
Questionnaire (AQ-M). Pearson correlation coefficient test was conducted to
determine the association between five types of personality traits and subscales
of aggression. Results: The results showed that there was a significant association
between certain types of personality traits and subscales of aggression. The
results were discussed in relation to theory and the context of crime. Conclusion:
There is evidence that personality traits are linked to aggressive behaviour which
may lead a person to commit offenses.
8.Linking Psychological Traits With Criminal Behaviour: A Review
Mohammad Rahim Kamaluddin ; Nadiah Syariani Md Shariff ; Azizah Othman ; Khaidzir Hj Ismail ; Geshina Ayu Mat Saat
ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry 2015;16(2):1-13
Objective: Apart from environmental and social factors, psychological traits is largely linked with criminal and delinquent behaviour. The purpose of this article is to review four critical psychological traits of individuals that may lead to criminal behaviour in a nutshell.
Methods: An archival research methodology was employed in this study where relevant search for literatures on these four psychological traits was made across search engines such as Google Scholar with relevant articles selected for this review. The literatures were microscopically reviewed in order to demonstrate the linkage between psychological traits and criminal behaviour.
Results: Four psychological traits: personality trait, low self-control, aggression behaviour, and cognitive distortion were chosen to address such linkages. All these four traits were discussed thoroughly in relation to crime and criminality contexts.
Conclusion: It is crucial to understand the role of these traits and in-depth understanding of each psychological trait with relation of criminal behaviour offers and opportunity to the public at large to expand their knowledge on the importance of practicing and equipping oneself with healthy psychological traits to hinder criminal and delinquent acts.
9.Blood pressure profile for children aged 5 to 6 years and its associated factors – a crosssectional study in Kuching district, Sarawak
Cheah Whye Lian ; Edmund Shin Chin Vui ; Ayu Akida Abdul Rashid
Malaysian Family Physician 2019;14(1):2-9
Introduction: This study aimed to determine the blood pressure profile for preschool children in
Kuching Sarawak and its relationship with sociodemographic characteristics, nutritional status and
parental hypertension.
Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted in a government preschool in Kuching district
from January to June 2017. Data were collected using questionnaire as well as anthropometric and
blood pressure measurements. Data were entered into and analyzed using SPSS Version 22.
Results: A total of 229 preschool children participated in this study (response rate of 81%). About
9.7% of the respondents were at risk for hypertension. The mean systolic blood pressure was 95.6
mmHg (SD=8.36), and the mean diastolic blood pressure was 59.9 mmHg (SD=6.09). Ten
percent of the children were overweight and 7.4% were obese. Binary logistics regression analysis
indicated that gender (Male: OR = 3.085, p< 0.05), parent’s education level (comparing primary
education and below with secondary education: OR = 4.88, p<0.05; comparing primary education
and below tertiary education: OR = 7.63, p<0.05) and ethnicity (comparing Malay with Chinese:
OR = 0.10, p< 0.01) were significantly associated with being at risk for hypertension.
Conclusion: The study showed that 9.7% of the children were at risk for hypertension and that
17.4% had abnormal body weights. Identifying and tackling the factors leading to these issues
will help to improve and ensure a better quality of non-communicable disease programs offered in
primary health clinics and school health programs.
10.Obesity-associated Hypertension among Primary School Children in Sarawak: A Cross-sectional Study
CHEAH WL ; HELMY H ; ROSLINDA K ; MOHD TAHA A ; AYU AKIDA AR
Medicine and Health 2019;14(2):121-131
Hypertension has been recognised as an important public health issue, affecting paediatric population. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of hypertension and its relationship with obesity among different ethnic, gender primary school children in Kuching division, Sarawak. It was a cross-sectional study using multistage sampling. Data was collected using anthropometric equipment and digital blood pressure monitor. Data was analysed using SPSS version 20. A total of 1314 respondents participated. 36.9% of the respondents were overweight and obese, 31% were overfat and obese, 29% had abnormal waist circumference and 32.8% had abnormal waist-height ratio (WHtR). About 22.1% of the respondents were found to be in pre-hypertension and hypertension stage. There were significant differences in overweight and obese, overfat and obese, WHtR between males and females. Indigenous Sarawak reported to have the highest number of hypertensive at risk, overweight and obese, overfat and obese, abnormal waist circumference and WHtR. Those respondents who were hypertensive were found to be overweight and obese, overfat and obese, with abnormal waist circumference and WHtR. Screening of potential risk factors at a young age would help to reduce the incidents of chronic disease in the adulthood. Blood pressure measurement should be included in the routine physical examination, to identify high risk children for further investigation.