Objective: There are some cases in which the original drug and generic, or various generic drugs have different flavors.  In prescription substitution, there is concern that difference in the flavor of the drug will influence on medication adherence.  Therefore pharmacists should sufficiently understand information regarding the flavors of drugs.  We investigated the source of information on flavor and an actual flavor.
Methods: The study was limited to antibiotic powders for pediatric patients, 43 original drugs and 68 generic drugs were examined.  We collected information on the flavor by the paper document, such as pharmaceutical reference issued by the pharmaceutical companies, and by telephone.  We investigated the inclusion of the paper document, presence of descriptive information on the flavor listed in the paper document and the concordance between the flavor of the original drug and that of the generic drug.
Results: For both the original drugs and generics, a flavor was added to many drugs (86.0 and 91.2%, respectively).  There were many cases in which the original drug and generic drug had different flavors.  However, information on the flavor was only described on the paper document of 28.6% of original drugs and 45.3% of the generic drugs.  Inquiry to the pharmaceutical companies by telephone was needed to know the flavor of drugs not described.  The inclusion of the paper document varied greatly with each pharmaceutical company.
Conclusion: In the promotion of prescription substitution, it is necessary to promote proper administration of generic drugs by maintaining and collecting information on the flavor, and providing sufficient information to patients.

Objectives: Several studies have reported that the secretory immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) concentration in saliva is an indicator of psychological stress. The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between S-IgA and the stress from academic examinations. Methods: S-IgA levels in 10 medical student volunteers from the second year course between May 4 and July 13, 2000 were examined using the ELISA method. Results: There was a tendency for S-IgA in saliva to be higher on the day before academic examinations and during them, and lower on the days between these examinations. Conclusions: It may be possible to use this measurement to monitor psychological stress in students and workers.
Upper case ess ; Immunoglobulin A measurement ; Saliva ; Stress bismuth subsalicylate ; Daily

Prophylaxis is sometimes offered to inpatients who share a room with, or individuals who have been in close contact with, patients who have contracted influenza. In our hospital, 5-day prophylactic oseltamivir has been used as a standard procedure. Here, we investigated the effectiveness of this post-exposure prophylaxis for inpatients and healthcare professionals, as well as its effect on hospital management. The study period was 5 years from fiscal year 2013 to fiscal year 2017, and the effectiveness outcome was the secondary infection rate. Medication costs for this prophylaxis were compared with those for oseltamivir used according to the package insert. The secondary infection rates were 3.0% and 0.5% in 133 inpatients and 434 healthcare professionals who had received post-exposure oseltamivir, respectively. The medication costs were reduced by 50% compared with the estimated costs for 10-day oseltamivir administration. The effectiveness of 5-day prophylactic oseltamivir was similar to or higher than that reported previously, indicating that this prophylaxis was effective. Moreover, 5-day post-exposure prophylactic oseltamivir is expected to reduce the prolongation of hospital stay and influenza outbreaks and thus contribute to hospital management.