BACKGROUND: In the advent of coronavirus disease 2019 global crisis, hands-on patient care and inhospital training of fourth year medical students were suspended across the globe and shifted to remote online education. The aim of this study is to assess the perception and attitude of the 4th year medical students about clinical clerkship training during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: An online survey was sent to fourth-year medical students in three medical schools in lloilo City, from July 2021 to October 2021. The survey questionnaire is a combined dichotomous, multiplechoice, and Likert response scale questions. RESULTS: Of the hundred sixty-eight students who completed the online survey, sixty-six percent did not experience hospital rotation. On average, students were very interested in COVID-19 (8.83) and willing to join in patient care if requested by a hospital or university to help during COVID-19 pandemic (8.65), but felt they were not ready (70%) due to a lack of the ability for clinical practice (90%). Most (82%) of the students expressed they wanted to maintain hands-on clinical practice education despite the pandemic. Overall, students who have experienced hospital rotation have a higher level of understanding of how much their life, behavior (9.30), and role as a medical student (9 .74) were affected by the pandemic as compared to the rest of the students. CONCLUSION This present pandemic has affected the medical students as a whole in areas of their role as students, behavior, and life. Their lack of confidence despite willingness to help correlated to their inadequate clinical experience. Specific policy adjustments concerning the curriculum of clinical clerkship during this time of pandemic should be revisited to tailor fit the students" needs for safe education to help them prepare to become a competent medical practitioner.
Attitude

Background: Delivering bad news to patients is one of the most difficult tasks of physicians that play a big role in the process of treatment and cooperation of patients. Patients generally have the right to be informed of their condition, but the debate over the importance of the attitude of telling the truth is still an issue. Objective: This study aimed to understand the attitude and practices toward breaking the bad news among physicians in a National Tertiary Government Hospital for infectious Diseases from October 2020 to October 2021. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the San Lazaro Hospital from October 2020 to October 2021. A self-administered questionnaire was adapted to elicit information on physicians’ knowledge and practices about breaking bad news to patients and their families. Inclusion criteria included all the practicing physicians assigned in the clinical areas either full time or part time medical specialists, residents and fellows and hospitalist in San Lazaro Hospital. Physicians who were assigned in the non-clinical areas and did not see or handle patients and non-employees of the institution and who refused to sign the informed consent were excluded. Total Purposive Sampling was utilized. Data were gathered using a validated 3-part 34 item personally administered questionnaire and was presented in Descriptive Statistics Frequency distribution for the demographics, ANOVA, Linear regression analysis. Results: A total of 100 participants was included and based on socio-demographic characteristics of respondents toward breaking the bad news. Majority of the respondents were aged 35 – 54 years old with 52 or 52%, female with 69 or 69%, were fellows with 41 or 41%, specialty was Family Medicine with 36 or 36%, and majority of the respondent’s qualification was GP with training with 46 or 46%. The study revealed that sex (t = -2.070, p = 0.042) had significant association to the attitude and practices toward breaking the bad news among practicing physicians at 0.05 level of significance. Thus, male respondents has had higher attitude and practices toward breaking the bad news as compare to female respondents. Conclusion According to the findings of this study, clinicians at San Lazaro Hospital demonstrated a good attitude and practice regarding breaking the bad news between October 2020 and October 2021. The researcher believed want to help their patients, and most of them have the necessary knowledge and skills for breaking bad news.
Attitude

Background: Negative attitudes towards disability must be addressed to promote better quality of life for Filipino persons with disability, but measures to identify these attitudes are not available in the local context. The World Health Organization (WHO) Quality of Life Disability Group's Attitude to Disability Scale (ADS) was identified to be a promising tool for this due to the participatory and cross-cultural approach used for its development and its good psychometric properties. Objectives: This study aimed to culturally adapt the ADS – Physical Disability forms to Filipino. The study also aimed to determine the test-retest reliability and internal consistency of the translated forms. Methodology: The translation process followed recommendations from literature and WHO. The translated forms were pre-tested on 12 Filipino participants with similar profiles to target users to refine the translated forms. Data collection on 362 participants in Metro Manila and surrounding provinces was conducted to evaluate internal consistency of the forms using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Ninety-seven participants underwent retesting to evaluate the test-retest reliability of the translated forms using Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). Results: The translation process ensured semantic and conceptual equivalence with the original form and experiential appropriateness for Filipino use. Both translated forms demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.67 to 0.82). ICC estimates suggest poor to moderate test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.220 to 0.705). Conclusion The ADS - Physical Disability forms were culturally adapted to Filipino and were found to reliably measure attitudes towards disability of Filipinos, save for some improvements for test-retest reliability. Further studies are also recommended to ascertain the forms' validity.
Attitude

The obesity is growing in the Western Pacific Region. Currently, is have been not the major health problem in viet nam; however, the experts anticipated a rapid rise in prevalence in viet Nam during coming years, with high prevalence will be found in youngsters. The prevalence of obesity is highest in people aged 20 - 50 years. Women are more susceptible than men. The prevalence is increasing with the growth of the socioeconomic and different according to geographic, race and ethnic characteristics. Studies demonstrated that the criteria for obese classification applied for Europeans and Americans could not be used for Asians, especially for people from ASEAN countries. WHO introduced new criteria for this condition that can apply to this region since year 2000. To prevent effectively this condition, Viet Nam must implement active and appropriate measures right now.
Obesity ; Attitude

The use of health services was an important factor to reflect knowledge, behavior and level of "health culture" of parent when their children were ill. Only 28.3% of children were received consultation and treatment under indication of physicians. The rest patients were diagnosed and treated according to habit, experiences. More than 83% of interviewees answered the poor people did not come to see a doctor because high hospital bursar compared with their income. That was main cause of increase of morbidity and mortality rate in children, especially in the mountain and remote areas.
Attitude ; Child

Introduction: Specialists constitute a major ‘driving force’ and catalyst for growth of research in their speciality. A clearer understanding is required as to what motivates their participation in research as well as the barriers they faced. This research aims to study the attitudes, barriers and facilitators faced by specialists and to identify strategies to promote and sustain research activities in their hospitals. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey using selfadministered questionnaires was conducted among all specialists working in government specialist hospitals in the northern states of Malaysia. Results: Out of 733 questionnaires distributed, 467 were returned giving a response rate of 63.7%. Ninety-nine percent of the respondents believed that research benefits patients while 93.3% think research helps in their professional development. However, 34.8% think that under their present working conditions, it is unlikely they will participate in research. The major barriers identified were lack of funds for research (81%); lack access to expertise, software or statistical analysis (78.4%); interference with daily work schedule (75.1%) and inconsistent manpower in their department (74.2%). There are three barriers with statistically significant difference between hospitals with CRC compared to hospitals without CRC; lack of funds, mentors and access to expertise, software or statistical analysis. The demographic factors, attitudes and barriers contributing to involvement in research also investigated. The main facilitators for the conduct of research are potential to benefit patients and potential for professional development. Conclusion: Taking note of the findings, the Ministry of Health can implement appropriate strategies to improve specialist participation in research.
Specialization ; Attitude

Background: Hereditary diseases are considered one of the most common causes of death and morbidity in infants and children. It significantly burdens the health system, family, and society. Pre-marital testing is one of the most proactive and effective ways to prevent hereditary diseases, infectious diseases, and congenital abnormalities. Purpose: To examine the level of knowledge and attitudes regarding pre-marital testing and the intention to practice pre-marital testing; and, To identify the correlation between knowledge, attitudes, and intention to practice pre-marital testing among midwifery students. Methods: Adescriptive correlational study was conducted from May to July 2020 among 150 midwifery students at the University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The research consists of a questionnaire with four main parts: demographic characteristics, knowledge about pre-marital testing, attitudes toward pre-marital testing, and intention to practice pre-marital testing. Descriptive statistics and univariate analysis were used for data analysis. The significance level of the statistical test was set up at α = .05. Results: The average age of students was 21.73 years old, most of them were unmarried (98%). More than three-quarters (80.7%) of them had good knowledge about pre-marital testing and (88.7%) of them had a positive attitude towards pre-marital testing. Most students (94.7%) have an intention to use a pre-marital test and believe in its benefits. Knowledge was positively correlated with intention to practice pre-marital testing (X2 = 5.10, p = 0.02). Likewise, attitude toward pre-marital testing was positively correlated with the intention to practice pre-marital testing (X2 = 12.57, p < 0.001). Conclusions The findings emphasized the important role of health education which is a keystone in improving pre-marital knowledge, attitudes, and the practice of pre-marital testing to prevent hereditary diseases and improve people's health.
Knowledge ; Attitude ;

Background: Hepatic trauma is the second injury of closed abdominal injury, but it is the leading cause of death. The most of hepatic trauma due to closed abdominal injury caused by traffic accident. Objectives: To assess determinants to treatment attitude of hepatic trauma patients treated in Viet Duc hospital. Subjects and method: A cross-section descriptive study was conducted on 157 patients with closed abdominal injury (118 male, 39 female), was diagnosed with hepatic trauma, treated in Viet Duc hospital from January, 2004 to April, 2006. Results: The average age of patients were 28.9\xb113 for male, 28.8\xb112 for female. The common occupations were farmers (35.7%), workers (14.6%), no professional 14.6% and other jobs (35.1%). Combined injuries included: cranial trauma (9.6%), facial trauma (10.2%), chest trauma (17.2%), major bone trauma (7.6%). 19.7% patients with combined injuries were operated. 130 patients with hepatic trauma (82.2%) was detected by ultrasound, 1 patient with splenic trauma combined hepatic repture. The differences between shock of admission, level of hepatic trauma and the amount of blood in abdominal CT scans to treatment attitude were having a statistically significant with p<0.001, p<0.001 and p=0.005, respective. Conclusion: Recently, the treatment attitudes with hepatic trauma patients have more changed. Hemodynamic stability, clinical close monitoring, excluding combined injuries required surgery and assessing injuries by CT scans are important factors to indicate conservation therapy for hepatic trauma. Conservation therapy is safe and effective in the treatment of hepatic trauma in Viet Duc hospital.
Liver/ injuries ; Attitude ;

Study on KAP of environmental hygiene of 400 households at two mountainous communes belonging to Donghy district of Thainguyen province was conducted. The results showed that: the knowledge level and attitude of people about environmental hygiene weren't high (65% and 95.8%, respectively). And people haven't done practicing it well enough (0%). Some factors such as ethnic factors, education level and communication are closely related to knowledge, attitude of people about environmental hygiene
Hygiene ; Environment ; knowledge ; attitude

Research on farmers’ knowledge, attitude and practice of safety vegetable production process showed that: the incident of farmers had knowledge of safety vegetable production was 50.98%, in which 37.19% was aware of IPM, 57.10% was aware of safety vegetable criterion. 83.74% of the farmer used dried and powdered night soil, 100% used nitrogen fertilizer and 2.95% applied fertilizer-water for vegetables. The incident of farmers using covered fertilizer was rather high (97.06%). However, the time for covering the fertilizer from 3 to 6 months was 95.17% in Van Xuan, and 63.14% in Vu Phuc. 85.0% of the farmers used dried and powdered night soil for leaf-eating vegetables, 61.17% used this kind of fertilizer for tuber-eating vegetables. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer was at normal level < 100 kg/ha/crop. Many poisonous chemicals were forbidden such as Moniter, Wofatox are still being used by Vu Phuc farmers. The time isolating the chemical was 10 days in Van Xuan (100%), in Vu Phuc (58.86%)
Vegetables ; Safety ; Knowledge ; Attitude