To enhance the quality of life for cancer patients, it is required that choice and useage of appropriate medications for their symptoms, as well as providing education for patients and their family members be provided. The purpose of this article was to examine the effectiveness of cancer pain management education through a literature review. From a search of key medical databases, potential articles regarding cancer pain management were retrieved. From a thorough literatures review, we found six important trends: (1) discordance of cancer patients and their families pain reports; (2) family perception regarding cancer pain; (3) family's concerns about cancer pain management; (4) family member's role in cancer pain management; (5) helpful resources about cancer pain management and (6) educational programs for cancer patient's family. Further research regarding educational programs for family members is required for improving cancer pain management.

First and 2nd-year medical students participated as standardized patients in practice for the medical interview. This practice was effective both for students playing doctors for learning medical communication skill and for students playing as a patients for allowing them to understand the patient's situation.

Practice in medical interviewing was held for 5th-and 6th-year medical students during their clinical clerkships. The purpose of the program was to acquire interviewing skills, to communicate with patients by considering the patient's point of view, and to obtain proper medical information. Communication skills and patients' medical problems were discussed after the interview. Students had difficulty obtaining appropriate medical information considering the patients' point of view. They professed an interest in communication skills and relationships between patients and doctors, but their concern after interview practice apparently shifted to collecting medical information and to their lack of knowledge essential for diagnosis. Students were satisfied with this training program and believed it was useful. Practice in medical interviewing in the last years of medical school is effective for teaching communication skills and for obtaining appropriate medical information.

Although cardiac rehabilitation (CR) has been shown to improve exercise tolerance and prognosis in patients with cardiovascular diseases, there remains low participation in outpatient CR. This may be attributed to the patients’ busy schedules and difficulty in visiting the hospital due to distance, cost, avoidance of exercise, and severity of coronary disease. To overcome these challenges, many countries are exploring the possibility of remote CR. Specifically, there is increasing attention on the development of remote CR devices, which allow transmission of vital information to the hospital via a remote CR application linked to a wearable device for telemonitoring by dedicated hospital staff. In addition, remote CR programs can support return to work after hospitalization. Previous studies have demonstrated the effects of remote CR on exercise tolerance. However, the preventive effects of remote CR on cardiac events and mortality remain controversial. Thus, safe and effective remote CR requires exercise risk stratification for each patient, telenursing by skilled staff, and multidisciplinary interventions. Therefore, quality assurance of telenursing and multi-disciplinary interventions will be essential for remote CR. Remote CR may become an important part of cardiac management in the future. However, issues such as costeffectiveness and insurance coverage still persist.