Background: Mental health is one of the indicators of mental health that shows the general attitude and evaluation towards life as a whole. Job satisfaction can affect various aspects of life. The aim of the study was to predict nurses' mental health based on job satisfaction components. Methods: Cross-sectional study was a descriptive correlation type. 160 nurses of three teaching hospitals in Ilam city were selected by stratified random sampling in 2022. Data were collected with the Minnesota MSQ job satisfaction questionnaires and the Diener SWLS (1985) mental health questionnaires. Then, they were analyzed in SPSS-16 software with Spearman, Kruskal-Wallis and step by step regression tests. The significance level was less than 0.05. Result: The average mental health was 20.48 ± 6.80 and the average job satisfaction was 49.34 ± 12.39 and in all three hospitals it was average. The relationship between total job satisfaction score and mental health score was significant (r=0.267, p=0.001). The correlation between the mental health score and the score of each of the components of job satisfaction except "type of job" and "leadership style" was significant (p<0.05). With the increase in the score of payment system, advancement opportunities, organizational atmosphere and physical conditions, the mental health score also increased. According to the regression model, only the organizational climate (p=0.009) and physical conditions (p=0.017) contributed to predicting the mental health of nurses. Conclusions By increasing the scores of job satisfaction components, the mental health of nurses increases. According to the regression model, each unit of nurse’s mental health is equal to the sum of the fixed value of 13.33 plus 0.4 units of organizational climate plus 0.59 units of their physical conditions.