No abstract available.
Appetite* ; Ghrelin* ; Growth Hormone*

No abstract available.
Appetite* ; Ghrelin* ; Growth Hormone*

Fenfluramine is an amphetamine-derived substance first developed in the late 1960s for appetite control. Because of its known side effects at therapeutic doses, it is now controlled by the government and has been withdrawn from the market, but the underground market is still big. When over-dosed, it can produce a wide range of neurologic and cardiovascular symptoms, and even death, when a large amount is ingested. We report two cases of acute fenfluramine overdose: a fatal case with generalized seizure and pulseless electrical activity, and a case of relatively mild intoxication.
Appetite ; Fenfluramine* ; Seizures

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Cholecystokinin (CCK), a hormone or neuropeptide, is secreted in response to intraluminal nutrients by enteroendocrine I-cells of the intestine and has important physiological actions related to appetite regulation and satiety. The stimulation on CCK secretion from the intestine is of potential relevance for body weight management. Naringenin (4',5,7-trihydroxyflavanone) and its glycoside naringin (naringenin 7-rhamnoglucoside) have been reported to have many biological functions. In the current study, we investigated the question of whether naringenin and naringin could stimulate CCK secretion and then examined the mechanisms involved in CCK release. MATERIALS/METHODS: STC-1 cells were used as a model of enteroendocrine cells. CCK release and changes in intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) were measured after incubation of cells with naringenin and naringin for 1 h. RESULTS: Naringenin caused significant (P < 0.05) stimulation of CCK secretion, but naringin did not. In addition, regarding the secretory mechanisms, naringenin-induced CCK secretion involved increases in [Ca2+]i, influx of extracellular Ca2+, at least in part, and activation of TRP channels, including TRPA1. CONCLUSION: Findings of this study suggest that naringenin could have a role in appetite regulation and satiety.
Appetite ; Appetite Regulation ; Body Weight ; Cholecystokinin* ; Enteroendocrine Cells ; Intestines ; Neuropeptides

We present a case report indicating that the administration of phentermine, an appetite suppressant with sympathomimetic activity, can provoke an intracerebral hemorrhage. A 48-year-old woman with no previously established cerebrovascular risk fa ctors and who had taken phentermine for 30 days developed sudden-onset left hemiparesis. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed an acute intracerebral hemorrhage involving the right thalamus. This case indicates that physicians should be aware of the relevant cause of medication history including appetite suppressants in young patients with an acute intracerebral hemorrhage.
Appetite Depressants ; Appetite* ; Brain ; Cerebral Hemorrhage* ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged ; Paresis ; Phentermine* ; Thalamus

BACKGROUNDS: Many Korean epidemiologic studies reported lower prevalence rates of depression than those of Western countries. For the low prevalence, it is explained that there's something wrong in the direct application of diagnostic criteria of depression to Korean culture, i.e. categorical fallacy, or it may be truly low-prevalent. We will analyze diagnostic criteria for depression defined by Western. METHODS: Six thousand and two hundred seventy-five community dwelling subjects, aged 18-64 years were interviewed by using Korean version of Composite International Diagnostic Interview (K-CIDI). Diagnostic criteria for depression defined by DSM-IV were analyzed using the item response theory. RESULTS: We could not find any fallacies of diagnostic criteria for depression defined by DSM-IV when assessing depre-ssion among Koreans. Fatigue, concentration difficulties, and sleep disturbance appeared more frequently in mild depression, while psychomotor change, death/suicide, and worthlessness/guilt did not appear until severe depression. CONCLUSION: The diagnostic criteria for depression defined by DSM-IV are appropriate for the Koreans. There are different responding levels, i.e. threshold, of depressive criteria according to severities of depression. Koreans with depression are more likely to complain of appetite change, but less of worthless or guilty feelings than Western people.
Appetite ; Depression* ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Fatigue ; Korea* ; Prevalence

We review the effect of methylphenidate, focusing on Osmotic-controlled Release Oral delivery System (OROS) methylphenidate, on cardiovascular system, appetite and growth, sleep, tic, epilepsy, psychiatric and rare adverse events. Although OROS methylphenidate has side effects including increased heart rate or blood pressure, decreased appetite, delayed sleep onset, emergence or aggravation of tics, withdrawal or changes in mood, these effects appeared to be minimal in impact or difficult to distinguish from risk to untreated population and tended to be improved by dose adjustment or drug discontinuation. However, in subjects with underlying cardiac problems, uncontrolled epilepsy, previous psychotic episode, clinicians should pay attention and balance the risk and benefit.
Appetite ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiovascular System ; Epilepsy ; Heart Rate ; Methylphenidate ; Tics

We review the effect of methylphenidate, focusing on Osmotic-controlled Release Oral delivery System (OROS) methylphenidate, on cardiovascular system, appetite and growth, sleep, tic, epilepsy, psychiatric and rare adverse events. Although OROS methylphenidate has side effects including increased heart rate or blood pressure, decreased appetite, delayed sleep onset, emergence or aggravation of tics, withdrawal or changes in mood, these effects appeared to be minimal in impact or difficult to distinguish from risk to untreated population and tended to be improved by dose adjustment or drug discontinuation. However, in subjects with underlying cardiac problems, uncontrolled epilepsy, previous psychotic episode, clinicians should pay attention and balance the risk and benefit.
Appetite ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiovascular System ; Epilepsy ; Heart Rate ; Methylphenidate ; Tics

This study was conducted to evaluate health consequences of phenol resin workers for 6 weeks from February 21, to March 28, 1986. The subject population was 26 in a factory with phenol resin and control group was 30 non-exposed workers who were working in the other factory. The biological parameters chosen for this study were phenol concentration in working room-air, total phenol level in urine and BUN of phenol resin workers. The phenol concentration in working room-air and total phenol in urine were significantly correlated (r=0.791, p<0.01). The frequency of symptom and sign in phenol resin workers were higher than control group. The frequent symptom and sign were coughing, weight loss, poor appetite, headache, dyspnea, eye irritation and tinnitus, in order. Total phenol in urine was not reversed to normal range in spite of interruption of exposure for 4 days. The BUN value in blood and total phenol in urine were not correlated.
Appetite ; Cough ; Dyspnea ; Headache ; Phenol* ; Reference Values ; Tinnitus ; Weight Loss

Hesperetin (3',5,7-trihydroxy 4'-methoxyflavanone) and its glycoside hesperidin (hesperetin 7-rhamnoglucoside) in oranges have been reported to possess pharmacological effects related to anti-obesity. However, hesperetin and hesperidin have not been studied on suppressive effects on appetite. This study examined that hesperetin and hesperidin can stimulate the release of cholecystokinin (CCK), one of appetite-regulating hormones, from the enteroendocrine STC-1 cells, and then examined the mechanisms involved in the CCK release. Hesperetin significantly and dose-dependently stimulated CCK secretion with an EC50 of 0.050 mM and increased the intracellular Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i) compared to the untreated control. The stimulatory effect by hesperetin was mediated via the entry of extracellular Ca2+ and the activation of TRP channels including TRPA1. These results suggest that hesperetin can be a candidate biomolecule for the suppression of appetite and eventually for the therapeutics of obesity.
Appetite ; Cholecystokinin* ; Citrus sinensis ; Enteroendocrine Cells ; Hesperidin ; Obesity