End-stage ankle arthritis represents an “unmet medical
need”, awaiting an appropriate time for joint arthroplasty or
arthrodesis. We report three cases of end-stage ankle arthritis
treated along the principles developed for chondrogenesis of
the knee joint with autologous peripheral blood stem cells,
resulting in reversal of the ankle arthritis. The improvement
in clinical outcome measure scores (Ankle Osteoarthritis
Scale total score) with a minimum two-year follow-up were
comparable to total ankle replacement (TAR), arthroscopic
ankle arthrodesis (AAA) and open ankle arthrodesis (OAA).
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