The utility of anticoagulants is a significant content of total quality management(TQA)of clinical laboratory.The accurate results of laboratory investigations are closely correlated witll appropriate application of blood anticoagulants.The paper reviews the utility field and effects on investigation result of different anticoagulants,and it also raises the current problems of using anticoagulants and Dut forward corresponding solutions.

Objective To calculate the measurement uncertainty of clinical chemical analytes according to the internal quality control (IQC)and external quality assessment (EQA)data in clinical laboratory.Methods Collected the IQC data from January to June 2013 and EQA data between 2012~2014 of clinical chemistry in clinical laboratory.Calculated the measure-ment uncertainty and extended uncertainty according to the Nordtest criteria.Results It was effective to evaluate the uncer-tainty using IQC and EQA data.ALP ranked the highest extended uncertainty and Na+ ranked the lowest uncertainty.The range of uncertainty varies greatly,electrolyte 4.27~18.16,enzyme 8.12~24.88,small molecular 4.88~12.44,protein and lipids 4.78~13.1.Conclusion The evaluation of clinical chemistry uncertainty by IQC and EQA data is simple and practi-cal,which is beneficial for assurancing the measurement accuracy.

Objective To evaluate the value of detection of interleukin 28B (IL28B) rs12979860 by allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR) for the prediction of antiviral treatment hepatitis C patients.Methods One hundred seventy-four blood samples were random collected from hospitalized patients with hepatitis C,who came from department of infectious diseases,Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from May 2011 to May 2012.Two pairs of specific primers were designed for rs12979860 gene polymorphisms,and one mutated base was introduced to the second or third site of the end of 3' with the reverse primer.rs12979860 gene polymorphism of 30 cases with hepatitis C was detected by AS-PCR,and gene sequencing was further used to verify the consistency of the two methods in parallel.Then,the frequency distribution of different rs12979860 genotypes with 174 cases were analyzed by the AS-PCR method in the population.Results The genotype CC,CT or TT of rs12979860 with 30 cases could be well identified by both AS-PCR and gene sequencing,and the coincidence rate was 100％ (x2 =60.0,P ＜ 0.01).Compared to gene sequencing,both of the sensitivity and specificity of AS-PCR were 100％.Compared to the control (CC genotype),TT genotype detection sensitivity by AS-PCR was 10-5,while sequencing sensitivity was 2 × 10-1.rs12979860 polymorphism in the TT,CC and CT genotype distribution in the Chinese population frequencies were 3.45％ (6/174),13.2％ (23/174) and 83.3％ (145/174),respectively.Conclusion AS-PCR can quickly,accurate,reliable,economic and efficiently detect IL28B rs12979860 gene polymorphism of hepatitis C in patients,which could predict the effect of antiviral therapy on patients with hepatitis C.

Objective To explore the possibility and reliability of mutual recognition of renal indexs among 20 clinical labora-tories entitled with state key clinical laboratory,and to supply reference for future national mutual recognition of laboratory examination results.Methods Determined the concentrations of TP,ALB,TC,TG and Roche multiple calibrators and sub-mitted the results.The results were analyzed for robust Z score,percentage difference after calibration,bias at medical deci-sion level to observe the possibility and reliability.Results The bias of TG was out of the least allowable bias,thus they were not appropriate to mutual recognition.Conclusion It remains immature in the mutual recognition of lipids’determina-tions and much work needs to be done in field of internal quality control of the laboratory.

Objective To evaluate and analyze the clinical application value of detection of Warfarin-related gene polymorphisms,cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 (VKORC1) polymorphisms.Methods From July of 2011 to July of 2012,the blood samples were randomly collected from 140 lung cancer patients from Department of Oncology in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University.These lung cancer patients were diagnosed through imaging examination and pathological examination.CYP2C9 and VKORC1 polymorphisms were detected in 70 patients (studied group) but not detected in the other 70 patients (control group) before they used warfarin.According to known gene sequences of CYP2C9 and VKORC1,specific primers were designed to genotype the CYP2C9 *2 and CYP2C9 * 3 alleles as well as the VKORC1-1639G ＞ A polymorphism through PCR amplification and DNA sequencing.Meanwhile,the distribution of these alleles in the studied group was analyzed.The clinical significance of detection of these polymorphisms was evaluated by comparing the proportion of patients within the therapeutic INR (International Normalized Ratio) range between control and genotype-guided dosing groups using Chi square test after 2 and 4 weeks of Warfarin therapy.Results Based on the results of agarose gel electrophoresis of PCR products and DNA sequencing,the primers for CYP2C9 and VKORC1 polymorphisms were indeed specific to these SNPs (CYP2C9 * 1,CYP2C9 * 2 and CYP2C9 * 3 ;VKORC1-1639GG,VKORC1-1639AG and VKORC1-1639AA) and both of the specificity and sensitivity of these primers are 100％,thus contributiug for genotyping these alleles.The distribution of CYP2C9 * 1/* 1 was 100％,CYP2C9 * 1/* 2,CYP2C * 1/* 3,CYP2C9 * 2/* 2,CYP2C9 * 3/* 3 and CYP2C9 * 2/* 3 were 0％.The distribution of VKORC1-1639AG,VKORC1-1639AA and VKORC1-1639 GG were 10％,90％ and 0％ respectively.2 weeks after the treatment of Warfarin,85.7％ patients in the genotype-guided dosing group reached the stable therapeutic INR range,which was significantly higher than that in the control group (48.6％,x2 =21.9,P ＜ 0.01); 4 weeks later,all patients (100％) were inside the stable therapeutic INR range whereas only 65 patients (92.9％) in the control group reached the therapeutic INR range.No haemorrhage or thromboembolic events occurred in both groups.Conclusions CYP2C9 and VKORC1 polymorphisms can be accurately detected by PCR reaction with the designed primers and the subsequent DNA sequencing in patients with lung cancer.This method is validated to be reliable.The genotyping of the Warfarin-related genes detective method can effectively guide Warfarin-dosing.

Objective To investigate the effect of chronic infection of Toxoplasma gondii on the spatial learning and memory capability in mice.Methods Toxoplasma tachyzoites(RH strain)were reanimated at 37 ℃ after 15 days' storage at-20 ℃,and injected intraperitoneally to mice of the experimental group each with 7.7?105.Normal saline was given to the control group,0.5 ml per mouse.Two months later,all mice were tested in the Morris Water Maze.Smears of the mice brain homogenate and pathological sections were examined.Results ① The density of cysts in the brain homogenate was 15/HP,and there was no evident pathological change in the hippocampus and adjacent areas of mice in the brain in the experimental mice.② Latency to platform,cumulative distance to the platform,total distance traveled in both experimental and control groups decreased significantly with the increase of training days(P

Objective:To establish a clinical laboratory diagnostic pathway for hepatitis C covering diagnosis, differential diagnosis, drug toxicity monitoring, and therapeutic and prognostic evaluation, and to explore a new teaching model for laboratory diagnostics based on the clinical laboratory diagnostic pathway.Methods:According to the clinical diagnosis and treatment guidelines for hepatitis C, laboratory testing strategies for different stages of diagnosis and treatment of the disease were formulated to establish a clinical laboratory diagnostic pathway for hepatitis C. The pathway was applied in the teaching for undergraduate medical students of the seven-year program of grade 2019 of The First Clinical College of Wuhan University, with those of grade 2018 as the control to receive traditional teaching. The teaching effect was compared through questionnaires and quizzes in class. The data were analyzed through the t test with the use of SPSS 19.0. Results:A clinical laboratory diagnostic pathway for hepatitis C recognized by clinicians was established, covering the entire process of clinical diagnosis, differential diagnosis, monitoring of drug side effects, and therapeutic and prognostic evaluation. The students of grade 2019 receiving the pathway-based teaching model had significant improvements in teaching quality evaluation indicators ( P<0.05), with the most marked improvement in "having mastered the key and difficult points of this lesson", with a score of (60.90±2.15) points for grade 2018 and (84.80±3.44) points for grade 2019. The total score for teaching evaluation was significantly higher in students of grade 2019 than in those of grade 2018 [(94.02±4.29) vs. (79.21±3.68)] points, P<0.05). Grade 2019 also had a significantly higher classroom quiz score than grade 2018 (94.60±5.63) vs. (78.10±4.92), P<0.01]. Conclusions:We established and applied a clinical laboratory diagnostic pathway of hepatitis C in the teaching model of laboratory diagnostics, which organically integrates laboratory diagnostics and clinical medicine, and significantly improves the quality of teaching.

Objective:To analyze the risk factors of fatal outcome in patients with severe COVID-19.Methods:The clinical characteristics of 107 patients with severe COVID-19 admitted in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from February 12 to March 12, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. During the hospitalization 49 patients died (fatal group) and 58 patients survived (survival group). The clinical characteristics, baseline laboratory findings were analyzed using R and Python statistical software. The risk factors of fatal outcome in patients with severe COVID-19 were analyzed with multivariate logistic regression.Results:Univariate analysis showed that the two groups had statistically significant differences in age, clinical classification, dry cough, dyspnea and laboratory test indicators ( P<0.05 or <0.01). The random forest model was used to rank the significance of the statistically significant variables in the univariate analysis, and the selected variables were included in the binary logistic regression model. After stepwise regression analysis, the patient’s clinical type, age, neutrophil count, and the proportion of CD3 cells are independent risk factors for death in severe COVID-19 patients. Dry cough is an independent protective factor for the death of severe COVID-19 patients. Conclusion:COVID-19 patients with fatal outcome are more likely to have suppressed immune function, secondary infection and inflammatory factor storm. These factors may work together in severe patients, leading to intractable hypoxemia and multiple organ dysfunction and resulting in fatal outcome of patients. The study indicates that timely intervention and treatment measures against above factors may be effective to save the lives of patients with severe COVID-19.