OBJECTIVES: This study aims to determine the maternal reactions and emotions towards an initial "refer" result in the newborn hearing screening test and to determine the proportion of mothers who fully comprehended the test results of the newborn hearing screening test.
METHODS: In this study, mothers of newborns with a "refer" result in the Universal Newborn Hearing Screening (UNHS) are given questionnaires which cover their understanding of the hearing screening test, the emotions they felt and attitude towards the results.
RESULTS: Our findings showed that the UNHS program protocol was properly understood by almost all the respondent mothers. Of the emotions listed from the questionnaire, being "worried" was the most persistently felt emotion.
CONCLUSION: It is important that the results of the newborn hearing screening test be properly understood by the mothers. Mothers who experienced negative emotions brought about by the hearing screening test still believed that the newborn hearing screening test was important, were glad that their child underwent the newborn hearing screening test and will request it for their future offspring.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study to examine if the levels of anxiety(emotional, cognitive, and behavioral measures) during performance are influenced by interaction of both achievement related self discrepancy(=psychological vulnerability variable) and evaluative threat stress(=stressor) based on vulnerabilitystress model in order to identify the mechanism of development of performance anxiety and furthermore to suggest psychological intervention strategies to reduce and prevent it effectively. METHOD: High and low self discrepancy subjects consisted of students from the upper(n=40) and lower 15%(n=40) on achievement related self discrepancy scale, respectively. They were randomly assigned to either evaluative threat condition or neutral condition, and then all subjects took intellective task(verbal reasoning test and digit symbol test). RESULTS: The results were as follows; 1) High self discrepancy subjects under evaluative threat reported significantly higher level of state anxiety during performance than low self discrepancy subjects under any condition and also experienced higher degreee of state anxiety with marginal significance than high self discrepancy subjects under neutral condition, whereas there were no significant effects on the anxiety level of group variable under neutral condition or of stress variable in low self discrepancy subjects. 2) High self discrepancy subjects reported more cognitive interference during performance than low self discrepancy subjects regardless of the level of stress. 3) High self discrepancy subjects performed marginally significantly more poorly in digit symbol test than low self discrepancy subjects regardless of the level of stress, whereas there were no significant effects on verbal reasoning test. CONCLUSION: The hypothesis that performance anxiety could be affected by achievement related self discrepancy and stress, and specially by interaction between self discrepancy and stress was relatively strongly supported by the results on emotional measure of performance anxiety. In addition, this hypothesis received partial support by the results on cognitive and behavioral measures. We might conclude that it is important to consider achievement-related self discrepancy and evaluative threat stress together to understand the mechanism of development of performance anxiety and to reduce or prevent this anxiety effectively.
Anxiety ; Humans ; Performance Anxiety*

No abstract available.
Anxiety Disorders* ; Anxiety*

No abstract available.
Anxiety* ; Arachnoid*

No abstract available.
Anxiety* ; Depression*

No abstract available.
Anxiety* ; Hypochondriasis*

Background: The 21-item English version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) has been proposed as a method for assessing self-perceived depression, anxiety and stress over the past week in various clinical and nonclinical populations. Several Malay versions of the DASS-21 have been validated in various populations with varying success. One particular Malay version has been validated in various occupational groups (such as nurses and automotive workers) but not among male clinic outpatient attendees in Malaysia. Objective: To validate the Malay version of the DASS-21 (Malay-DASS-21) among male outpatient clinic attendees in Johor. Methods: A validation study with a random sample of 402 male respondents attending the outpatient clinic of a major public outpatient clinic in Johor Bahru and Segamat was carried out from January to March 2016. Construct validity of the Malay-DASS-21 was examined using Exploratory Factor Analysis (KMO = 0.947; Bartlett’s test of sphericity is significant, p<0.001) through Principal Component Analysis and orthogonal (varimax) rotation with Kaiser Normalization to confirm the psychometric properties of the Malay-DASS21 and the internal consistency reliability using Cronbach’s alpha. Results: Construct validity of the Malay-DASS-21 based on eigenvalues and factor loadings to confirm the three factor structure (depression, anxiety, and stress) was acceptable. The internal consistency reliability of the factor construct was very impressive with Cronbach’s alpha values in the range of 0.837 to 0.863. Conclusions: The present study showed that the MalayDASS-21 has acceptable psychometric construct and high internal consistency reliability to measure self-perceived depression, anxiety and stress over the past week in male outpatient clinic attendees in Johor. Further studies are necessary to revalidate the Malay-DASS-21 across different populations and cultures, and using confirmatory factor analyses.
Anxiety ; Depression

Background: Anxiety and depression, two of the most common affective disorders in cancer patients can affect one’s compliance to treatment leading to poorer outcomes. Therefore, means of determining the psychological wellness of cancer patients through screening tools for anxiety and depression are an integral part of their management. Objectives: 1) To measure the prevalence of anxiety and depression among cancer patients seen in an outpatient clinic of a tertiary hospital using the HADS-P. 2) To assess the impact of the following variables on symptoms of anxiety and depression: demographic, socio-economic, biological and health/clinical parameters. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional analytic study involving 381 cancer patients seen in the outpatient clinic. Symptoms of anxiety and depression were measured using the HADS-P with an 11+ cut-off to identify possible cases of anxiety and depression. Univariate analysis, using STATA Version 13, was performed to identify correlates of anxiety and depression. Results: The prevalence of anxiety, depression and mixed diagnosis (anxiety and depression) amongst this study population were 9.45%,4.72% & 2.89%, respectively. The multivariate analysis described non-college graduates (OR=1.82, CI 0.80-4.14), poor performance status (ECOG 2-3) (OR=5.34, CI 2.44-11.71) and the newly diagnosed and with ongoing treatment patients (OR= 12.02, CI 2.67-54.04 and OR=4.04, CI 0.88-18.58, respectively) as possible correlates of anxiety. Patients with poor performance status and have moderate-severe pain were likely to experience depression (OR= 6.14, CI 2.14-17.62; OR= 2.78, CI 0.92-8.46, respectively). Conclusions There are several factors that can affect one’s predisposition to having affective disorders. Clearly, there is a necessity to allocate resources for screening and treating affective disorders among cancer patients to improve their compliance, to achieve a more holistic approach in their management and ultimately, to improve their quality of life.
Anxiety ; Depression

OBJECTIVES: The study aims to determine and compare the anxiety of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and their well siblings based on Child drawing: Hospital manual and to identify factors associated with the level of anxiety. METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional study was done in tertiary pediatric hospitals which included children aged five to eleven years old diagnosed with ALL and their well siblings. RESULTS: A total of forty dyads of participants were studied. ALL patients presented higher anxiety scores than their siblings, but this was not statistically significant. There is a weak direct correlation between overall anxiety scores of ALL patients and their siblings (p = 0.017). There is insufficient evidence for an association between select clinical factors with anxiety scores. The linear regression model explained 49.77% in the variation of the anxiety scores but was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: There is a direct correlation between overall anxiety scores of ALL patients and their siblings. There is also a positive association with larger family size and child‘s response to sibling‘s illness. Larger families are likelier to have a healthier environment. The study also showed low to average anxiety levels among participants which may be related to quality of care and support given by the institution and inherent resiliency of the family. RECOMMENDATIONS Future research should aim to develop programs in partnership with families and other social support groups and explore the effectiveness of these interventions. Further studies should examine other possible cultural and psychodynamic factors prevalent in Filipino Family.
Anxiety ; Siblings

BACKGROUND: A student enrolled in Allied Health Sciences has a curriculum and academic standards that are different compared to a student enrolled in a medical programme. Nevertheless, little is known about the psychological distress of this population. Our objective was to determine whether psychological distress is prevalent in students enrolled in an Allied Health Sciences programme, as well as factors that contribute to it. METHODS: Three hundred and thirty-three (333) undergraduates studying Allied Health Sciences, ages 18-30, were included in this cross-sectional study. A representative sample of students from nursing, physiotherapy, medical laboratory science, medical radiography, and optometry programmes were selected through a stratified sampling technique. A 21-item Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21  10) was used to collect data on psychological distress indicated by depression, anxiety, and stress. We fitted a multivariate logistic regression to identify factors associated with psychological distress among the participants. RESULTS: As a result of the study, 58.9% reported depression, 66.1% reported anxiety, and 45.1% reported stress. Depression (AOR= 3.23; 95% CI: 1.33- 7.81), anxiety (AOR= 3.33;95% CI:1.34- 8.26) and stress (AOR= 2.58;95% CI: 1.14- 5.85) were associated with family history of mental illness. Poor academic performance was associated with anxiety (OR=2.75; 95% CI: 1.35- 5.61) and stress (OR=2.00; 95% CI: 1.05-3.81). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of psychological distress among allied health sciences students is high, especially among students with poor academic performance and those with a family history of mental illness. Psychological distress can be prevented with early detection and awareness programmes.
Depression ; Anxiety