Objective To study the impact of psychological care and health education on patients with digestive tract cancer and abnormal emotion receiving chemotherapy. Methods A retrospective analysis was carried outin 245 patients with malignant digestive tract cancer from July 2005 to July 2009 treated in our hospital, 147 cases of these patients received psychological care and health education besides conventional therapy were set as the intervention group, 98 cases given only basic nursing care were set as the control group. The clinical efficacy was analyzed in the two groups before and after chemotherapy using anxiety and depression indexes as indicators. Results After chemotherapy, SAS and SDS scores were significantly lower, while the survival time was significantly higher in the intervention group than those of the control group. Conclusions Psychological care and health education can reduce abnormal emotion in patients with malignant digestive tract cancer receiving chemotherapy and prolonged their survival time.