BACKGROUND: This is a rare case of two large urinary bladder stones causing severe infection of the urinary tract affecting the bone marrow due to chronic immune stimulation in a patient with recurrent anemia. Urinary bladder calculi are hard masses of minerals. They develop when the minerals in concentrated urine crystallize. This often happens when the bladder cannot be emptied. Signs and symptoms can vary from severe abdominal pain to blood in the urine. Sometimes, bladder stones don't cause any symptoms. If left untreated, bladder stones may lead to infections and other complications such as hepatic abscess via a hematogenous route. CASE: This is a case of a seventy-eight-year-old man with a history of multiple blood transfusions secondary to anemia of unknown cause. He came into our institution for a second opinion. We worked up the patient, which showed hepatic abscess and two large urinary bladder calculi. Further investigation of the anemia later led to a diagnosis of primary myelofibrosis. DIAGNOSTICS: Ultrasound showed a complex mass on the left hepatic lobe measuring 7.5 cm x 6.0 cm x 2.1 cm consistent with a hepatic abscess. The culture of the abscess was positive for E. coli. Computed Tomography (CT) scan of the lower abdomen showed heterogeneous mass measuring 8.6 cm x 8.7 cm x 9.2 cm within the urinary bladder (see Figure 2). Urinalysis was consistent with a urinary tract infection. Urine culture showed E. coli. Video-assisted cystoscopy showed two urinary bladder calculi, measuring 1.5 cm x 3.2 cm x 4.2 cm weighing 30 grams each (see Figure 3). The calculi were composed of 100% Calcium Oxalate. He underwent a series of diagnostic examinations for anemia including gastroscopy to rule out a bleeding ulcer. Complete blood count showed hemoglobin of 77 g/L and a hematocrit of 0.23. Finally, bone marrow core biopsy was done which is consistent with primary myelofibrosis. CONCLUSION: Urinary bladder stones can be asymptomatic and may present only with vague abdominal pain. It should be one of the considerations in asymptomatic patients with long-standing prostatitis or benign prostatic hyperplasia. Detailed history, thorough physical examinations, and cautious diagnostic tests are mandatory to confirm the diagnosis. A hepatic abscess may arise from infections in the urinary tract such as prostatitis through hematogenous extension. Therefore, it is important to address the origin of the infection to prevent such complications. This is a rare case of an elderly man who presented with chronic anemia and later found out to have large urinary bladder stones that caused severe infection leading to immune stimulation of the bone marrow, hence the diagnosis of primary myelofibrosis by bone marrow biopsy. Such a rare case must be thought of holistically and analytically.
Male ; Prostatitis ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Urinary Bladder Calculi ; Liver Abscess ; Anemia

Background: ANCA-associated vasculitis and its subtypes have been associated with pulmonary manifestations, with bronchiectasis being a unique clinical presentation. Case Summary We report the case of a 26-year-old Filipino male who presented with progressive dyspnea, neuropathic pain, and purpuric rash. Diagnostic evaluation revealed upper lobe bronchiectasis and lower lobe pneumonia, as well as hematuria and proteinuria. ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) and tuberculosis were considered. There was improvement of dyspnea, cough and rashes with antibiotics, glucocorticoids (GC), and anti-TB coverage. However, neuropathic pain progressed to the upper and lower extremities with development of weakness. Anti-myeloperoxidase (MPO) Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody (ANCA) was positive, Electromyography-Nerve Conduction Velocity (EMG-NCV) revealed diffuse sensorimotor axonal polyradiculopathy of both upper and lower extremities. Cyclophosphamide was then given. The patient gradually regained his motor strength while sensory deficits persisted. He was referred to rehabilitation medicine for physical therapy and eventually discharged. This case highlights vasculitis as an associated extrapulmonary manifestation of bronchiectasis, and the possible role of bronchiectasis in the immune-mediated pathogenesis of ANCA- associated vasculitides.
Bronchiectasis ; Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis