No abstract available.
Antibiotic Prophylaxis

Anti-Bacterial Agents ; therapeutic use ; Antibiotic Prophylaxis ; Humans ; Intraoperative Care

Background and Objective: Antibiotic prophylaxis is used to prevent bacterial infections and rebleeding in cirrhosis patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB). However, the effects of various antibiotics on patients with UGIB are still being considered. This study aims to evaluate the effect of antibiotic prophylaxis on cirrhosis patients with UGIB. Methods: The studies were searched through databases of PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, and CENTRAL from 2013 to 2023. We used Revman 5.4 to perform a meta-analysis. I2 statistics measured the heterogeneity test. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to assess the effect of antibiotic prophylaxis. Results: Twelve studies involving 14,825 cirrhosis patients were included in this study. Based on the meta-analysis, antibiotic prophylaxis significantly lowered the bacterial infection rate (OR: 0.29, 95%CI: 0.10 to 0.84, P = 0.02), and the incidence of serious adverse events (SAE) (OR: 0.50, 95%CI: 0.28 to 0.88, P = 0.02) in cirrhosis patients with UGIB. Conclusions Administration of antibiotics demonstrated a significant reduction in bacterial infection rates and SAEs. Broad-spectrum non-absorbable antibiotics can be used in cirrhosis patients with UGIB. The appropriate use of antibiotics is important to prevent resistance.
Antibiotic ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; prophylaxis ; prevention & ; control ; Cirrhosis ; Fibrosis

The jejunum is the longest part of the small intestine and its lumen is mainly involved in the absorption of the nutrients. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of metronidazole, ceftriaxoine sodium and their combination on the stenotic index of the end to end jujunal anastomotic site. To accomplish this, 20 healthy stray dogs were subjected to end to end jejunal ansastmosis. Dogs in Group A (control) underwent jejunal anstomosis with no antibiotic prophylaxis, while those in Group B received surgery and metronidazole alone at 50 mg/kg, those in Group C received ceftriaxone sodium intravenously at 30 mg/kg body weight prior to surgery and dogs in Group D were given metronidazole in combination with ceftriaxone sodium at 50 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg, respectively, 2 h before surgical intervention. No significant difference (p > 0.05) in the stenotic index was observed at 14 days after jejunal anastomosis. These findings indicate that prophylactic administration of metronidazole and ceftriaxone sodium alone or in combination had no significant effect on the stenotic index of the jejunum.
Absorption ; Animals ; Antibiotic Prophylaxis ; Body Weight ; Ceftriaxone* ; Dogs* ; Intestine, Small ; Jejunum ; Metronidazole* ; Sodium

Endoscopic treatment is a minimally invasive treatment for managing patients with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). Although several bulking agents have been used for endoscopic treatment, dextranomer/hyaluronic acid is the only bulking agent currently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for treating VUR. Endoscopic treatment of VUR has gained great popularity owing to several obvious benefits, including short operative time, short hospital stay, minimal invasiveness, high efficacy, low complication rate, and reduced cost. Initially, the success rates of endoscopic treatment have been lower than that of open antireflux surgery. However, because injection techniques have been developed, a recent study showed higher success rates of endoscopic treatment than open surgery in the treatment of patients with intermediate- and high-grade VUR. Despite the controversy surrounding its effectiveness, endoscopic treatment is considered a valuable treatment option and viable alternative to long-term antibiotic prophylaxis.
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ; Endoscopy ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Operative Time ; United States Food and Drug Administration ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux

OBJECTIVE: Surgical site infection (SSI) is a problem constantly uppermost in the minds of all surgeons, although the actual rate of occurrence is only 1-5% in general surgery. In neurosurgical fields, there have been a few papers published about efficacy of post-operative antimicrobial prophylaxis (PAMP) to prevent SSI, compared to well known effectiveness of pre-operative antibiotics. Thus, infection rates of short-term PAMP groups and those of long-term PAMP groups were investigated to evaluate the effectiveness of PAMP and the efficacy of short-term PAMP compared to long-term PAMP for prevention of SSI. METHODS: Between April 2010 and April 2012, we retrospectively analyzed the data of 35 patients in the aneurysmal neck clipping groups (short-term PAMP group: PAMP for 3 days and fewer, long-term PAMP group: PAMP for 10 days and more) and 79 patients in the microdiscectomy groups (short-term PAMP group: 3 days and fewer, long-term PAMP group: PAMP for 6 days and more). RESULTS: In aneurysmal neck clipping groups, SSI occurred 23.1% of short-term PAMP group and 9.1% of long-term PAMP group (p=0.3370). And in microdiscectomy groups, SSI occurred 6.7% of short-term PAMP group and 4.1% of long-term PAMP group (p=0.9840). CONCLUSION: There is no significant difference between the short-term PAMP group and the long-term PAMP group in terms of SSI, regardless of operation type. We therefore suggest that short-term PAMP usage could be an appropriate therapy for preventing SSI in clean neurosurgical operations.
Aneurysm ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Antibiotic Prophylaxis ; Humans ; Neck ; Neurosurgical Procedures ; Retrospective Studies ; Surgical Wound Infection

This study analyzed the incidence of wound infection after the operation of mandibular third molar extraction in relation with antibiotic prophylaxis with the object of young and healthy patients. The study object was 1,177 mandibular third molars of 850 men of 20 to 25 years old without any specific systemic disease. Three methods of preventive antibiotic medication were selected according to the preventive antibiotic medication previously reported; three experimental groups were selected based on them, and the antibiotic used was amoxicillin((R)Kymoxin, Yuhanyanghaeng, Seoul). The group 1 includes the patients that took the antibiotic orally before the operation(one hour earlier, 500mg) and for three days after the operation(250mg per time, three times/day), the group 2 is the ones that took the same antibiotic orally only once about one hour before the operation(500mg), and the group 3 did not take any antibiotics before and after the operation. And to compare the difficulties and the degrees of extraction during operations which can be possibly related to the wound infection after the operations, the mandibular third molars' impacted depths and extraction methods were investigated as well. To check if the wound was infected, observations with an internal of one week were performed twice after the operation, and the meaningfulness of the infection incidence was verified through Chi-square test using SPSS program(SPSS Inc., IL, USA). There was no statistically significant difference between the antibiotic medication methods and the wound infection incidence after the operation among the experimental groups. As examining the relations between the mandibular third molar operation methods and the wound infection incidence after the operation, there existed a statistically meaningful difference in the infection incidence according to the operation methods(p=0.020). And there was no statistically significant difference in the wound infection incidence according to the impacted depth of the mandibular third molar. Therefore, it is thought that there exists little necessity of prophylatic antibiotics medication when extracting the mandibular third molar of young and healthy men without any systemic disease in general; however, in case when it is expected that the possibility of infection will be high or the wound on the tissue will be severe, it is sure that the prophylactic antibiotics medication will be necessary.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Antibiotic Prophylaxis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Molar, Third ; Wound Infection

STUDY DESIGN: Prospective randomized study of antibiotic prophylaxis in elective spine surgery. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare the rate of postoperative surgical site infection for a single dose of two different generations of cephalosporin with different dosage and timing of the antibiotics. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: Current recommendation for prophylaxis in elective spine surgery is up to 60 minutes prior to incision. No study has investigated between different generation of cephalosporin for prophylaxis in elective spine surgery with respect to choice, dosage and timing. METHODS: This study was a prospective randomized study of 90 patients, assessed for the occurrence of surgical site infection (defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria) and other infections for up to 6 months after surgery. Demographic, surgical and further data were collected on subsequent operations, including hardware removal. RESULTS: Mean age in our group was 47 years (range, 19-71 years). The male to female ratio was 49:41 and the average timing of administration of antibiotics was 77 minutes (range, 30-120 minutes). The average blood loss was 626 mL (range, 150-3,000 mL) with a mean duration of surgery for 3.2 hours (range, 1.5-6 hours). One case of superficial infection and one case of deep infection met the exclusion criteria. CONCLUSIONS: Our results support the use of a single preoperative dose of antibiotics in instrumented and non-instrumented elective spine surgery up to one hour prior to incision. There was no difference in terms of occurrence of surgical site infection with respect to dosage, choice and timing of antibiotics.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Antibiotic Prophylaxis ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Prospective Studies ; Spine

The present study has been performed to evaluate 20 cardiopathy children and 20 healthy children's oral micorbes at the point of antimicrobial susceptibilities for antimicrobial prophylaxis to prevent bacterial endocarditis. The results were as follows: 1. Both groups had similar oral microbes. 2. The antimicrobial susceptibility of S. viridans were: Penicillin< Oxacillin< Ampicillin< Cephalothin< Erythromycin< Clindamycin< Gentamicin< Ciprofloxacin< Vancomycin=Imipenem. The cardiopathy group was slightly lower antimicrobial susceptibility rates than healthy group. 3. The antimicrobial susceptibility of Neisseriaceae were: Clindamycin< Erythromycin< Vancomycin< Penicillin< Gentamicin< Cephalothin< Ciprofloxacin< Imipenem. The antibiotics of bacterial endocarditis antibiotic prophylaxis regimens for dental procedures according to the American Heart Association were generally lower antimicrobial susceptibilities, so they were considered inadequate for the first selective antibiotics and Imipemem was best suitable antimicrobials. Conclusively, when choose antimicrobials for treatment or antimicrobial prophylaxsis for bacterial endocarditis, surveillant culture must be performed to evaluated personal antimicrobial susceptibilities of intraoral microbes for proper antimicrobial choice for dental procedures.
American Heart Association ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Antibiotic Prophylaxis ; Child* ; Endocarditis* ; Endocarditis, Bacterial ; Humans ; Imipenem ; Neisseriaceae

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Prophylactic antibiotics are used in an attempt to avoid the septic complications of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). But, there is individual tendency to choose prophylactic antibiotics due to a lack of definite guidelines for prophylactic antibiotics. Therefore, the effectiveness of ciprofloxacin to prevent post ERCP infectious complications was evaluated. METHODS: One hundred patients underwent 75 diagnostic ERCPs and 25, therapeutic ERCPs. They were classified randomly into a group of 51 prophylaxis (ciprofloxacin 200 mg i.v. 30 min before the procedure) and 49 controls. Pre- and post-ERCP blood cultures were prospectively performed and surveyed for infectious complications. RESULTS: Sepsis was detected in 4 patients in each group (p>0.05). Two cases were related to diagnostic ERCP and the remaining six cases, therapeutic ERCP (p<0.01). Bacteremia was found in 6 cases, but only two cases (Escherichia coli, Citrobacter freundii) were clinically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of sepsis following ERCP was not significantly reduced by antibiotic prophylaxis (7.8% vs. 8.2%).
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Antibiotic Prophylaxis* ; Bacteremia ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde* ; Ciprofloxacin ; Citrobacter ; Humans ; Prospective Studies ; Sepsis