Introduction: There is a growing concern in using zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) for medical devices as alternative options in reducing hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). The commensal HAIs; Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) infect patients and lead to increased rates of morbidity and mortality. This study aims to investigate the antibacterial action of ZnO NPs in three different shapes; nanorod, nanoflakes and nanospheres impregnated in low-density polyethylene (LDPE) against S.aureus ATCC 25923. Methods: The antibacterial efficiency of ZnO NPs was studied through two standard test methods included were based on Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines MO2-A11 under light conditions of 5.70 w/m2 and American standard test method (ASTM) E-2149. Results: Preliminary screening did show a significant growth inhibition against S.aureus with ZnO NPs nanorod and nanoflakes, approximately in 7 to 8 mm zones of inhibition. Further analysis using ASTM E-2149 in dynamic conditions revealed variable activity depending on incubation treatment periods. It demonstrated the ZnO NPs in nanoflakes and nanosphere shape showed better inhibition against S.aureus with maximum reduction (100%). The FESEM results strongly suggest that the structure of ZnO nanoflakes and nanosphere played an importance role in nanomaterial-bacteria interaction which consequently cause cell membrane damage. Additionally, the irradiation under light treatment also enhance the generation of ROS and free radicals which helps the bactericidal activity against S.aureus. Conclusion: This study provides new insights for the antibacterial action of ZnO NPs/LDPE thin films in future biomedical appliances to reduce HAIs risks.
Antibacterial nanoparticle

By the condensation of 5-fluoroisatin with various p-X-C6H4NH2 compounds, 4 derivatives (I-IV) were formed. Compounds (I-IV) underwent Mannich reaction and gave V-XII with formaldehyde (36% aqueous solution) and secondary amine (morpholine and piperidine). All synthesized compounds hade been characterized by IR, MS and elemental analysis. All synthesized compounds (I-XII) were tested for biological activities such as antibacterial and antifungal. Among them, compound V showed an antibacterial activity on 6 strains of bacteria. Compound IX and X showed an antibacteria and antifungal activity against Candida albicans... Compound VI showed an antibacterial activity on 3 strains of bacteria. Compound XI and XII showed an antibacterial activity on 2 strains of bacteria.
Pharmaceutical Preparations ; antibacterial agents ; antifungal agents

Among the bacteria isolated from clinical specimens of hospitalized patients, one of the most intractable species was Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the causative agent of P. aeruginosa. It resists a variety of antibacterial agents. Carbapenem is known as one of a few that are efficacious for P. aeruginosa infections. Maintaining the drug susceptibility of pathogens leads to the favorable clinical outcome in patients with infections diseases. The excessive use of carbapenem and other antimicrobial agents results in the increase of drug-resistant mutants of P. aeruginosa. At a meeting of the Health Ministry's infectious disease control committee in June 2007, the necessity of using antibacterial agents in more rational ways was highlighted on the suggestion of some member pharmacists. Incidentally, during the periods from January to June and from July to December 2007, we studied the antimicrobial use density (AUD) of carbapenem agents and the occurrence ratio of carbapenem-resistant mutamts of P. aeruginosa. The results showed that the occurrence of drug-resistant mutants decreased in proportion to the decrease of AUD. We believe the investigation of the AUD of any antibacterial agents is an important task pharmacists should take upon themselves to control infectious diseases. By reporting the results of our investigation on a regular basis, we are going to make a modest contribution toward the optimum use of antimicrobial agents.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Antibacterial drugs ; Carbapenems ; control ; occurrence

CHCl3 extracts of the stem cortex of Annona glabra L killed Artemia salina and inhibited mitosis of root meristem of Allium asca lonicum. Chromatographic fractionation of this extract led to the isolation of Pd1, Pd2, Pd3, Pd4 fractions. The purity of them were controlled by thin layer chromatography. Pd2 was controlled by GC- MS, 1H NMR, 13 C NMR, DEPT. It was not yet found in documents, so that was called anonacin. The study indicated that all of fractions showed cytotoxic activity in experimental tests
Study on the antibacterial effects of leaves of Annona glabra L. Annonaceae

Use of synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) in biomedical applications is well warranted. It has shown to have an excellent biocompatibility in human tooth and bones. Additionally it has been documented to possess antibacterial potentials. The present study was conducted to assess the presence of any such potential in locally produced (HA) using Streptococcus mutans, a common pathogen in the oral cavity. The study was carried out using 50, 100, 150, 200, 300, 400 and 800 mg/ml concentration of HA. The antibacterial property of HA was assessed using Miles and Misra method. Our studies showed that bacterial growth inhibitions of S. mutans occurred from 50 mg/ml, and complete inhibition was perceived at concentrations at 200mg/ml of HA. The antibacterial property HA should be used to good advantage as a bioactive biomaterial in dental and maxillofacial applications.
Sjogren's syndrome B antibody ; /mL ; Durapatite ; Antibacterial ; biomaterial compatibility