Background: HIV/AIDS has appeared in the early 1980s. Today this disease has become a threat to human. As of 17/3/2006, Vietnam had detected 105,611 cases of HIV infection. Prevalence of abused prisoner in detention centers is quite high. \r\n', u'Objectives: To evaluate the HIV infected status and related factors and to investigate about knowledge, practice of drug-abused prisoners of Quang Ninh detention center on HIV/AIDS prevention.\r\n', u'Subjects and method: A cross-sectional survey was carried out in 346 drug-abused prisoners (338 men, 8 women) of Quang Ninh detention center from June 01 to July 14, 2006.\r\n', u'Results: Prevalence of HIV was 56.07% (CI 95%: 50.9-61.3).Shared syringes increase HIV risk to 5.76 times. Reused syringes increase HIV risk to 7.5 times. Daily drug using increase the risk to 2.46 times. The risk in drug users with more than 5 years increases 12 times. HIV infected rate in cities is 1.92 times more than in rural areas. Good knowledge about non-transmitted behavior was 83%; about 3 ways of transmitions was 50.3%. Knowing about how to detect themselves from HIV only 32.7% have properly answers. Conclusion: HIV prevalence of drug-abused prisoners of Quang Ninh detention center is very high.\r\n', u'\r\n', u'
HIV ; Anti-HIV Agents/ drug therapy ;

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a worldwide epidemic caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Newer medicines for eliminating the viral reservoir and eradicating the virus are urgently needed. Attempts to locate relatively safe and non-toxic medications from natural resources are ongoing now. Natural-product-based antiviral candidates have been exploited to a limited extent. However, antiviral research is inadequate to counteract for the resistant patterns. Plant-derived bioactive compounds hold promise as powerful pharmacophore scaffolds, which have shown anti-HIV potential. This review focuses on a consideration of the virus, various possible HIV-controlling methods and the recent progress in alternative natural compounds with anti-HIV activity, with a particular emphasis on recent results from natural sources of anti-HIV agents. Please cite this article as: Mandhata CP, Sahoo CR, Padhy RN. A comprehensive overview on the role of phytocompounds in human immunodeficiency virus treatment. J Integr Med. 2023; 21(4):332-353.
Humans ; HIV ; HIV Infections/drug therapy* ; Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use*

As the spreading of AIDS over the world, to research effective anti-HIV drugs is required. The review contains the process of discovering targets for anti-HIV especially entry/infuse, reverse transcriptase, protease and integrase, and describes the effective component of traditional Chinese drugs for these targets and the anti-HIV drugs being researched or used in clinic.
Anti-HIV Agents ; therapeutic use ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; HIV ; drug effects ; HIV Infections ; drug therapy ; virology ; Humans

Humans ; HIV Infections/drug therapy* ; HIV-1/genetics* ; Tenofovir/therapeutic use* ; Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use* ; RNA ; Drug Combinations

Humans ; Tenofovir/therapeutic use* ; Emtricitabine/therapeutic use* ; HIV Infections/drug therapy* ; Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use*

HIV infection in children is a family disease, with social, economic and medical aspects that make it one of the most challenging diseases of our time. Knowledge about the factors involved in mother-to-child transmission and the natural history of the disease is gradually increasing although there is still much to understand. As the majority of children become infected through mother-to-child transmission, perinatally acquired infection will parallel increases in heterosexual transmission and the numbers of infected women of childbearing age. Current estimates of the rate of vertical transmission range from 14% to 39% in different studies. The relative proportion of transmission occurring in utero, peripartum or postpartum may vary in different localities and remains unclear. A study recently carried out in the USA showed that zidovudine given late in pregnancy, peripartum and in the neonatal period decreases HIV transmission from 25% to 8%. The clinical presentation of HIV infection in children depends in part on exposure to different infections. In developing countries the children usually present with nonspecific signs and symptoms, such as failure to thrive, chronic diarrhoea, cough and recurrent bacterial infections. Other common presentations include generalized lymphadenopathy, oropharyngeal candidiasis, dermatitis, enlargement of parotid glands and neurological problems, including delayed development.
Anti-HIV Agents - therapeutic use ; Child, ; Disease Transmission, Infectious - statistics & ; numerical data ; HIV Infections - drug therapy ; HIV Infections / transmission

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; drug therapy ; Anti-Retroviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; HIV Infections ; drug therapy ; Humans

Anti-Retroviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Exosomes ; HIV Infections ; drug therapy ; HIV-1 ; drug effects ; Humans ; RNA ; therapeutic use

After more than 30 years of battling a global epidemic, the prospect of eliminating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as the most challenging infectious disease of the modern era is within our reach. Major scientific discoveries about the virus responsible for this immunodeficiency disease state, including its pathogenesis, transmission patterns and clinical course, have led to the development of potent antiretroviral drugs that offer great hopes in HIV treatment and prevention. Although these agents and many others still in development and testing are capable of effectively suppressing viral replication and survival, the medical management of HIV infection at the individual and the population levels remains challenging. Timely initiation of antiretroviral drugs, adherence to the appropriate therapeutic regimens, effective use of these agents in the pre and post-exposure prophylaxis contexts, treatment of comorbid conditions and addressing social and psychological factors involved in the care of individuals continue to be important considerations.
Anti-Retroviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; HIV ; pathogenicity ; HIV Infections ; drug therapy ; prevention & control ; transmission ; Humans

INTRODUCTIONHIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) comprise a wide spectrum of cognitive, motor, and mood abnormalities prevalent in people living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHAs). This field of HIV medicine has gained renewed prominence in recent years with evidence contending that anti-retroviral agents with increased central nervous system (CNS) penetration may improve neurocognitive outcomes in those affected. This review aims at evaluating the available evidence and postulating further study direction in Singapore.

MATERIALS AND METHODSA PubMed search was carried out for original articles and systematic reviews on the subject of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders, and the results reviewed by the authors.

RESULTSThere is a growing body of evidence that HAND is not uncommon, and the advent of highly active anti-retroviral therapy has increased its prevalence by improving the prognosis of HIV infection, and hence increasing the likelihood of diagnosing of this neurocognitive condition. Screening and diagnosing HAND is important, and requires clinical suspicion as well as validated test batteries for optimal accuracy. The authors recommend strategies for detection in the local context involving stepwise targeted screening. Anti-retroviral agents with good CNS penetration and activity, as well as adjunctive neuro-rehabilitative interventions, may improve the impairments experienced by affected individuals.

CONCLUSIONIncreased awareness of HAND, with earlier diagnosis and targeted, multi-disciplinary management of this challenging condition, may lead to better all-round outcomes for people living with HIV and AIDS in Singapore.

AIDS Dementia Complex ; Anti-HIV Agents ; therapeutic use ; Anti-Retroviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; HIV Infections ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Neurocognitive Disorders ; Prevalence