INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to determine the in vitro susceptibility of standard isolates of common pathogens causing bacterial conjunctivitis to non-fluoroquinolone antimicrobial ophthalmic medications. METHODS: This is a single-blind experimental study which compared the in vitro susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus epidermidis to locally available non-fluoroquinolone ophthalmic medications, specifically chloramphenicol, tobramycin, fusidic acid, gentamicin sulfate, sulfacetamide and polymyxin-neomycin. Utilizing the disk diffusion method, zones of inhibition in millimeters for each bacterial isolate was recorded and tabulated. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to determine statistical differences. RESULTS: Both Staphylococci were sensitive to all antibiotics except sulfacetamide. Only chloramphenicol showed activity against all four isolates. Tobramycin showed the largest zone of inhibition against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. There was statistically significant difference in the median zone of inhibition in each antimicrobial medication against Staphylococcus aureus (p = 0.002) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (p < 0.001) with the largest mean zone of inhibition by fusidic acid of 34 and 38 millimeters, respectively. Streptococcus pneumoniae was least susceptible to antibiotics tested; only chloramphenicol and fusidic acid showed activity. There were also significant differences in the median zones of inhibition across the isolates. CONCLUSION The standard isolates are susceptible to at least one non-fluoroquinolone ophthalmic medication. The antibiotics tested showed differences in activity against the four isolates. The findings of this study may be used as a basis to review local practice patterns or/and initiate revisions in the guidelines for prescribing initial treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis.
Conjunctivitis, Bacterial ; Anti-Bacterial Agents

No abstract available.
Anti-Bacterial Agents

No abstract available.
Anti-Bacterial Agents* ; Appendicitis*

No abstract available.
Anti-Bacterial Agents* ; Appendicitis*

No abstract available.
Anti-Bacterial Agents*

No abstract available.
Anti-Bacterial Agents*

No abstract available.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Diarrhea*

Bifidobacterium bifidum has been used in foreign to treat antibiotics induced diarrhoea with many advantages compared to Bacillus subtilis. But in Vietnam, there are not like this. We have researched a basis to use this bacterium in a pharmaceutical product. We isolated, screened the optimal conditions to culture B. bifidum and built up the growth curve of it. An in vitro trial had been developed on rat and showed that B. bifidum had a good effect on treatment antibiotics induced diarrhoea.
Bifidobacterium ; Anti-Bacterial Agents

By bromation of isatin 5-bromoisatin (I) was obtained. On boiling (I) with 4% formaldehyde solution for short period of time, a compound was isolated which has been characterized as N-hydroxymethyl-5-bromoisatin (II). By condensation of I with various H2N-B compounds, 6 derivatives (III-VIII) were formed. The structures of the obtained products were characterized by IR spectroscopy (II was characterized by MS, 1H.NMR). The synthesized compounds were tested for biological activities such as antibacterial and antifungal. Among these, two compounds (I, II) showed an antibacterial activity on 8 strains of bacteria. Compound VI showed an antibacterial activity on 3 strains of bacteria. Compound VI showed an antibacterial activity on 3 strains of bacteria.
Bufotenin ; Anti-Bacterial Agents

To predict the potential therapeutic efficacy of combination of antibiotics, methods have been developed to quantitative their effects on bacterial growth in vitro. Two distinct different methods are used. The first methods for evaluating drug combinations involve quantitation on their rate of bactericidal action. The second employs serial twofold dilution of antibiotics in broth in osculated with a standard number of the test microorganism in a checkerboard fashion, so that antibiotic concentration in different proportion can be tested simultaneously. Laboratory trials have carried out on antimicrobe resistant S. anreus. We found that gentamicine combined penicillin or gentamycine combined cephalothin in more rapidly bactericidal effect than either drug alone, the result is termed synergism. On the contrary, antagonism in said to occur with penicillin combined chloramphenicol.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Staphylococcus