According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we searched for relevant original articles in some big Chinese and English databases. The qualities of the studies were evaluated with QUADAS quality assessment tool. A software program, Meta-disc, was used to obtain the pooled estimates and heterogeneity test for sensitivity, specificity, SROC curve, and so on. Finally the 17 article were included. On a per-patient basis, the pooled sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), positive likelihood ratio (LR+), negative likelihood ratio (LR-), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), Q*, SROC area under curve for 99mTc-MDP bone scan and computed tomography (CT) were 0. 87 and 0.99, 0.81 and 0.98, 3.88 and 13.86, 0.2 and 0.03, 27.73 and 612.17, 0.8418 and 0.9732, 0.9097 and 0.9952, respectively. On a per-focus basis, the pooled SEN, SPE, LR+, LR-, DOR, Q*, SROC area under curve for 99mTc-MDP bone scan was 0.86, 0.97, 13.32, 0.16, 102.4, 0.8944, 0.9528, respectively. For CT, only 1 article were included. This paper demonstrate: whether 99mTc-MDP or CT both have high diagnostic efficiency for bone metastase of breast cancer.
Bone Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; secondary ; Breast Neoplasms ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Technetium Tc 99m Medronate ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a highly sensitive and low invasive technology for cancer biological imaging. Integrated PET/computed tomography (PET/CT) cameras combine functional and anatomical information in a synergistic manner that improves diagnostic interpretation. The role of 18F FDG PET/CT in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is well established, particularly in patients presenting with elevated thyroglobulin (Tg) levels and negative radioactive iodine scan. This review presents the evidence supporting the use of 18F FDG PET/CT throughout the diagnosis and management of thyroid cancer, and provides suggestions for its clinical uses.
Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Humans ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Thyroglobulin ; blood ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Treatment of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) with ~(131)Ⅰ can greatly improve prognosis of patients. However, the administered activity of ~(131)Ⅰ is still a subject for discussion. Different methods for determining the administered activity of ~(131)Ⅰ were reviewed in this article.

ObjectiveTo investigate the insulin receptor expression binding characteristics and it's clinical significance of 125 I insulin on human hepatocllular cancer cell membrane.MethodInsulin was radioiodinated using Ch T method, isolated and purified by polyacrylamide gel electryophresis. Human hepatocellular cancer and adjacent liver tissue cell membrane were extracted, receptor binding and bind ability of 125 I insulin and insulin receptor on hepatocellular cancer and adjacent hepatic cell membrane were studied. ResultsThe specific activity of 125 I insulin was 46 1?1 2 TBq/mmol,the radiochemical purity was over 98%. Insulin receptor content increased in hepatocellular carcinoma cells 〔Bmax=(1 9?0 6)?pmol/mg protein, the Kd of high and low affinity was 2 1?0 6?nmol and 25?8?nmol respectively〕 compared with carcinoma adjacent hepatic cells 〔Bmax=( 1 42? 0 57)?pmol/mg protein t =0 032 P 0 05〕.ConclusionHuman hepatocellular carcinoma cells overexpress insulin receptor. A14 125 I insulin has a specific high affinity with insulin receptor on HCC cells.

Objective To investigate the biokinetics of 131 I and its absorbed dose in patients with metastatic DTC. Methods Forty?one patients with metastatic DTC who were referred to 131 I therapy were prospectively recruited from September 2009 to September 2011. Scintigraphic images were serially acquired after the ingestion of 131I (3.70-9.25 GBq) to assess the biokinetics. CT was used to measure the masses of the DTC lesions. Calculation of absorbed doses to DTC lesions was based on the Medical Internal Radiation Dosimetry formula of the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. Kruskal?Wallis rank sum test was used to compare the differences of absorbed dose among different tumor deposits. Results In total, 59 io?dine?avid metastatic lesions (35 in cervical lymph node, 17 in lung and 7 in bone) in 41 patients were evalu?ated and the mean absorbed dose of DTC lesions was (10.4±6.5) Gy/GBq, with range of 0.1 to 136.2 Gy/GBq. The median absorbed dose was 11.3 Gy/GBq for lymph node metastase, 10.1 Gy/GBq for lung metastases and 9.6 Gy/GBq for bone metastases. There were no statistically significant differences in absorbed doses a?mong the metastases of lymph node, lung and bone ( Z=0.907, P>0.05) . Conclusion A wide inter?lesion variation of absorbed dose to metastatic DTC is observed.

Objective To assess the effect of radioiodine-131 (131Ⅰ) on treatment of pulmonary metastases from differentiated thyroid carcinoma and the main prognostic factors. Methods Five databases were retrieved and all published studies which analyzed the effect of 131Ⅰ on pulmonary metastases from differentiated thyroid carcinoma and the main prognostic factors were systematically reviewed. The data about the impact of 131Ⅰ treatment and the main prognostic factors on the 5-yr and 10-yr survival rates of the patients were abstracted. RevMan 4.2 software was used to statistically analyze. Results Eleven retrospective cohort studies were included. The pooled results suggested that the 5-yr survival rates of the patients who received 131Ⅰ therapy and who did not received 131Ⅰl therapy were 74.9% and 27.1% , respectively ;The lO-yr survival rates(P<0.01)of the two groups were 60.8% % 12.2% , respectively;The difference between them had statistical significance (P<0.01). The 5-yr and 10-yr survival rates of the patients only with pulmonary metastases were higher than those of the patients with multiple metastases (P<0.01). The 5-yr (P = 0.01) and 10-yr (P = 0. 002)surviv10al rates of the patients only with papillary thyroid carcinoma were higher than those of the patients with follicular thyroid carcinoma. The 5-yr and 10-yr survival rates of male and female patients were similar(P>0.05). Conclusions 131Ⅰ treatment increases the 5-yr and 10-yr survival rates of patients with pulmonary metastases from differentiated thyroid carcinoma. The extent of metastases and the histologie type of differentiated thyroid carcinoma are two main predicting factors of prognosis. The 5-yr and 10-yr survival rates of patients are not influenced by gender.

Radioiodine therapy of carcinoma could be mediated by transferring the genes which participate in the process of iodine metabolism in thyroid. The correlative genes are sodium/iodine symporter gene, thyroid peroxidase gene and the specific thyroid transcription factors, and others. The objective gene can specifically express in carcinoma by inserting the tissue-specific promoter/enhancer upstream of them, so radioiodine could be used to treat varied carcinomas. The radioiodine uptake in carcinoma cells was obviously increased and the radioiodine therapy of carcinoma was effective after those genes had expressed in carcinoma cells. The main problem was that the effective half-time of radioiodine in cells was too short to produce the ideal effect of radioiodine therapy. Moreover, 211At and 188Re could be transferred by sodium/iodine symporter and they could be used to treat the carcinoma that is capable of radioiodine uptake.
Animals ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; Genetic Therapy ; methods ; Humans ; Iodine Radioisotopes ; therapeutic use ; Neoplasms ; genetics ; radiotherapy ; Symporters ; genetics ; metabolism

TSH secretion is controlled by the stimulatory action of hypothalamic TRH and the inhibition via central dopaminergic and somatostatinergic mechanisms as well as by a hypothalamic inhibitory action of thyroid hormones. Metoclopramide is DA2 receptor blockade which can accelerate to elevate the concentration of serum TSH in hypothyroidism, which is accompanied by a progressive loss of dopaminergic tone as demonstrated by a progressive increase in prolaction serum levels, especially in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma(DTC). So the period of L-thyroxine withdrawal is contracted and the symptoms of hypothyroidism is released. It's important to monitor and treat DTC patients with radioactive iodide.
Dopamine Antagonists ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Hyperthyroidism ; blood ; drug therapy ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System ; drug effects ; physiology ; Hypothyroidism ; blood ; drug therapy ; Metoclopramide ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Thyroid Gland ; drug effects ; physiology ; Thyroid Hormones ; blood ; Thyrotropin ; blood

Ligand-grafted long circulation liposome is an advanced and effective carrier in which drugs are modified to be stabilized in the body and delivered properly in time and amount at targeted organs with suppressing side effects.
Animals ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Drug Stability ; Humans ; Ligands ; Liposomes ; blood ; chemistry ; Nuclear Medicine ; methods ; Phosphatidylethanolamines ; chemistry ; Polyethylene Glycols ; chemistry ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; metabolism ; Surface Properties

Colorectal cancer is a leading cancer in many countries. The glucose metabolic activities of the tumor cells are higher than that of the normal cells. They could uptake much more 2-[18F] Fluoro-2-Deoxy-d-Glucose (18F-FDG), an analogue of glucose, than normal cells do. The physicians can search the lesions via 18F-FDG positron emission tomography (PET). 18F-FDG-PET has higher sensitivity and accuracy in diagnosing the primary lesion, recurrence, liver metastasis and extrahepatic metastasis of the colorectal cancer, compared with the conventional technique. The results of the 18F-FDG-PET often restage the colorectal cancer and even change the treatment plan as 18F-FDG-PET provides more information than traditional technique does. Also, it could be used to follow up the case of the colorectal cancer after operation, systematic chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The current review addresses the metabolism, the clinical application, the shortcomings and the future prospect.
Colorectal Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Humans ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Radiopharmaceuticals