Objective To discuss the indications and complications of primary closure of bile duct incision in laparoscopic bile duct exploration and balloon dilatation catheter dilatation to treat the papillary stenosis and the intrahepatic bile duct stenosis. Methods A pospective study of 42 ptients of bile duct incision closure primary in laparoscopic bile duct exploration and balloon dilatation catheter dilatation, laparoscopic bile duct exploration and extraction of bile duct stones with choledochotomy was first adopted in order to clear the stones, then followed by the balloon dilatation catheter(explosive pressure reached 2020 kPa, used 505kPa) to dilate the papillary stenosis and the intrahepatic bile duct stenosis (CT-7542～ CT-75104) until the stenosis was released. Whether the primary closure of duct incision was selected or not, it was based on the situation of intraoperative choledochoscopic exploration, if it had been selected, the closure of bile duct incision would accepted by using absorbable suture 4-0 or 5-0, without placing bile duct drainage.It was routinely to place the drainage tube in the oriffice of the lesser omentum. Results 41 out of 42 patients had obtained successful duct clearance, the dilatation of the stenosis to reach the expected expansion and without bile leakage. One patient had bile leakage about 30-150 ml daily persisted for 4 days through cured conservatively. Conclusion Eventually it was safe and effective for some patients who had completed successful duct clearance and the dilatation of the stenosis to reach the expected expansion with the balloon dilatation catheter. They were adopted to the primary closure of duct incision using absorbable suture and did not need to place bile duct drainage.

Objective:Observed activity of adjuvant arthritis ( AA) rats Hedgehog signaling pathway and explore the effect of Cyclopamine on rat arthritis and kidney injury.Methods:40 rats were randomly divided into control group,Cyclopamine group,AA+Cyclopamine group and AA model group.We used Freund′s complete adjuvant rat model with Cyclopamine intraperitoneal injection.By measuring paw swelling, systemic inflammation and arthritis semi-quantitative assessment methods of rats to evaluate the model.HE staining was used to detect the renal pathological changes of rats.Western blot was used to detect kidney Gli1 protein expression levels of the rats.Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the rat kidney TNF-α,IFN-γ,IL-6 expression.Results:After using Cyclo-pamine,the AA rat paw swelling reduced and arthritis refers relieved significantly.Compared with the control group,Cr,BUN and organ coefficient increased significantly in AA model group, and the difference was statistically significant.Meanwhile renal TEM detection appeared obvious pathological changes in rats of AA model group.After using cyclopamine,the content of Cr,BUN and organ coefficient change reduced significantly, so did the pathological.Western blot detected kidney tissue Gli1 protein in each group.Compared to control group,there was no significant difference in Cyclopamine group.AA model group and AA+Cyclopamine group Gli1 protein expression was significantly higher compared with Cyclopamine Gli1 protein group,the difference was statistically significant.AA model group and AA Cyclopamine group Gli1 protein expression was significantly higher,the difference was statistically significant.Compared to the AA model group,AA+Cyclopamine group Gli1 protein levels have decreased significantly,the difference was statistically signifi-cant.Immunohistochemical assay detection found that kidney tissue proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α,IFN-γ,IL-6 expression and semi-quantitative score changed.Compared with the control group, TNF-α, IFN-γexpression of AA model group were significantly increased.After using Cyclopamine,the expression of TNF-α,IFN-γin kidney of AA model reduced significantly.IL-6 expression in AA model group was significantly higher than the control group.Conclusion:Cyclopamine AA can relieve arthritis and kidney injury in rats with arthritis AA,the Hh pathway was on activity state in the process,may altered expression of inflammatory factors.

ObjectiveTo summarize the experience on laparoscopic common bile duct exploration(LCDE). MethodsFrom Mar. 1992 to Mar. 2003, there were 693 cases undergoing LCDE. ResultsThe procedure was successful in 373 out of 391 cases with primary closure of duct incision and 272 out of 302 cases of T tube placement. Membrane stenosis dilation was successful in 68 out of 74 cases. Eleven out of 15 cases of malignant stenosis was successfully treated by biliary endoprosthesis and stent without bile leakage. Seven cases were shifted to open CBD exploration. Bile leakage was cured conservatively in 24 cases. Endoscopy failed to totally remove residual stones in 11 cases. Four cases died postoperatively. Conclusion LCDE was safe and effective in the hands of skilled endoscopists.

¹⁷⁷Lu- prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) radio-ligand therapy has been approved abroad for advanced prostate cancer and has been in several clinical trials in China. Based on domestic clinical practice and experimental data and referred to international experience and viewpoints, the expert group forms a consensus on the clinical application of ¹⁷⁷Lu-PSMA radio-ligand therapy in prostate cancer to guide clinical practice.