Objective To evaluate the effects of diltiazem on angiographic and clinical outcomes in patients with postprocedural chest pain after coronary stenting. Methods Two hundred and fifty-one patients with postprocedural chest pain were divided into two groups: diltiazem group (n = 189) and control group (n = 62). The outcomes of the two groups were compared according to the following two points. The first point was the major adverse cardiac events, including mortality, nonfatal infarction and target lesion revascularization. The second point was restenosis during the follow-up period. Results By the median of 128 days, the severe composite clinical events reached 4.8% in the diltiazem group and at 12.9% in the control group (P = 0.039). Repeated angiography was performed in 42.6% of these patients within one-year showing 11.5% restenosis in the diltiazem group and 29.2% in the control group (P = 0.05). Conclusions In patients with postprocedural chest pain after coronary stenting, oral diltiazem contributes a favorable outcome. (J Intervent Radiol, 2006, 15: 261-263)

Objective Myocardial blush grade (MBG) as a new angiographic parameter was used to describe the effectiveness of myocardial reperfusion in patients treated with thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) Methods Eighty nine patients received a small dose alteplase 50mg within 12 hours of acute infarction Coronary angiography was performed at 90 min after the initiation of thrombolytic therapy to evaluate infarct related artery (IRA) patency and myocardial reperfusion Cardiac events during a 6 month period were recorded Results There were 87 6% and 12 4% patients with and without successful clinical recanalization after thrombolysis respectively Coronary angiography showed that 82 6% patients with TIMI flow 2 or 3, 88 8% patients with MBG 2 or 3, and 40 4% patients with TIMI flow 3 and MBG 3 Mortality at follow up was 10 1% Multivariate analysis showed that the MBG and Killip grade at admission were major significant predictors of 6 month mortality Conclusion The primary objective of reperfusion therapies is not only restoration of blood flow in the epicardial coronary artery, but also complete reperfusion of the infarcted myocardium

Objective To analyze the effect of self efficiency,social support and coping style on the psychological resilience.Methods A total of 386 patients with cerebral infarction in a grade 3A hospital of Tangshan City were served as the subjects.The resilience scale,self efficiency scale,social support scale and medical coping questionnaire were taken as the survey tools.The Pearson correlation analysis,multiple linear regression model and structure equation model(SEM) were applied.Results The resilience score was (59.72 ±12.17) points,the resilience was positively correlated with the self efficiency,social support,facing coping style and avoidance coping style(P＜0.01),and negatively correlated with the surrender coping style(P＜0.01).The total efficiency coefficients of self efficiency sensation,subjective support,facing coping style and surrender coping style for affecting the resilience were 0.720,0.264,0.121 and-0.092 respectively.Conclusion Self efficiency,social support and coping style have significant influences on the psychological resilience.

Objective To clarify the role of insulin resistance on spontaneous recanalization of infarct-relat-ed arteries in the early phase of acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in patients with normal glucose tolerance. Methods 141 consecutive patients with normal glucose tolerance and acute STEMI were enrolled in our study. Subjects were divided into TIMI 0-1 group (n =91 ) and TIMI 2-3 group (n =50) by primary coronary angi-ngraphy (CAG). The Gemini score and 0-3-vessel disease score estimated the severity and extent of coronary artery disease (CAD). Metabolic parameters and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (IRI) were deter-mined. Results Serum level of fasting insulin, IRI and Gemini score were higher in TIMI 0-1 group than in TIMI 2-3 group [ (11.52±6.22)mU/L vs (7.54±3.65)mU/l,(2.79±2.32) vs (1.73±1.26),(59.17±26.95) vs ( 38.46±22.74) ( P <0.01)]. IRI was positively associated with Gemini score (r=0.185,P <0.05 ). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that IRI was independent risk factor influencing spontaneous recanalization of in-farct-related urteries(OR=2.87,95% CI=1.09-7.57,P<0.05). Conclusion Insulin resistance is independent risk factor influencing spontaneous recanalizafion of infarct-related arteries in the early phase of acute STEMI in pa-tients with normal glucose tolerance.

OBJECTIVE: To study the protective effect of forsythiaside B (FB) against cerebral oxidative stress injury induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in mice and explore the underlying mechanism. METHODS: Ninety C57BL/6 mice were randomized into sham-operated group, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model group, and low-, medium and highdose (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg, respectively) FB groups. The expression levels of MDA, ROS, PCO, 8-OHdG, SOD, GSTα4, CAT and GPx in the brain tissue of the mice were detected using commercial kits, and those of AMPK, P-AMPK, DAF-16, FOXO3 and P-FOXO3 were detected with Western blotting. Compound C (CC), an AMPK inhibitor, was used to verify the role of the AMPK pathway in mediating the therapeutic effect of FB. In another 36 C57BL/6 mice randomized into 4 sham-operated group, MCAO model group, FB (40 mg/kg) treatment group, FB+CC (10 mg/kg) treatment group, TTC staining was used to examine the volume of cerebral infarcts, and the levels of ROS and SOD in the brain were detected; the changes in the protein expressions of AMPK, P-AMPK, DAF-16, FOXO3 and P-FOXO3 in the brain tissue were detected using Western blotting. RESULTS: In mice with cerebral IR injury, treatment with FB significantly reduced the levels of ROS, MDA, PCO and 8-OHdG, increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD, GSTα4, CAT and GPx, and enhanced phosphorylation of AMPK and FOXO3 and DAF-16 protein expression in the brain tissue (P < 0.01). Compared with FB treatment alone, the combined treatment with FB and CC significantly reduced phosphorylation of AMPK and FOXO3, lowered expression of DAF-16 and SOD activity, and increased cerebral infarction volume and ROS level in the brain tissue of the mice (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION FB inhibits oxidative stress injury caused by cerebral I/R in mice possibly by enhancing AMPK phosphorylation, promoting the downstream DAF-16 protein expression and FOXO3 phosphorylation, increasing the expression of antioxidant enzymes, and reducing ROS level in the brain tissue.
Mice ; Animals ; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism* ; Antioxidants/metabolism* ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Brain Ischemia ; Oxidative Stress ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery ; Reperfusion Injury ; Reperfusion ; Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism*

Orthopedic 3D printed surgical navigational template is an instrument that is prepared by 3D reconstruction based on preoperative radiological data of the patient using computer-aided design (CAD) and 3D printing techniques. The 3D printed navigational template allows accurate intra-operative assessment of the relative spatial distance, angular relationship, direction and depth. The application of 3D printed navigational template technique in orthopedics surgeries achieves the conversion of preoperative planning from 2/3D graphics to 3D models, and provides a new method for individualized and precise treatment. Herein we review the evolution, clinical application, and basic classification of 3D printed navigation template technique, analyze its advantages and disadvantages, and discuss the current problems and the future development of this technique.
Computer-Aided Design ; Humans ; Orthopedic Procedures ; Printing, Three-Dimensional

Dammarane-type triterpenoid saponins are regarded as the main active constituents of Gynostemma longipes C.Y.Wu. By using MCI and silica gel column chromatography, as well as preparative HPLC, we isolated four new dammarane-type triterpenoid saponins from the polar saponin fraction of G. longipes C.Y.Wu. Their structures were determined by comprehensive analyses of NMR and MS data and identified as (20S)-3β,20,21-trihydroxydammar-19-oxo-24-ene-3-O-{[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)]-[β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→3)]-α-L-arabinopyranosyl}-21-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), (20S)-3β,20,21-trihydroxydammar-24-ene-19-oxo-3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)]-[β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→3)]-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-21-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), (20S)-3β,19,20,21-terahydroxydammar-24-ene-3-O-{[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)]-[β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→3)]-α-L-arabinopyranosyl}-21-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), (20S)-3β,20,21-trihydroxydammar-24-ene-3-O-{[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)]-[β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→3)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl}-21-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (4). Compounds 1-4 are new dammarane-type triterpenoid saponins which contain five glycosyl residues.

The standard decoction of Chinese herbal decoction pieces is a standard reference substance to measure whether different dosage forms of Chinese medicine are basically consistent with those of clinical decoction,and provides new ideas and methods for effectively solving the problems of uneven quality in Chinese medicine dispensing granules. In this study,a systematic method for evaluating the quality of Scrophulariae Radix decoction was established from the perspective of " standard decoction",providing reference for the quality control of the Scrophulariae Radix dispensing granules. 15 batches of Scrophulariae Radix decoction pieces from different origins were collected,and 15 batches of standard decoctions were prepared according to the standardized process with water as solvent.Harpagide and harpagoside were used as quantitative detection indicators to determine the content,calculate the transfer rates and determine the extraction rate. The high performance liquid chromatography( HPLC) was used to establish a standard decoction fingerprint analysis method. The results showed that the transfer rates of harpagide and harpagoside in 15 batches of Scrophulariae Radix pieces standard decoction were( 70. 84±13. 39) % and( 48. 56±6. 40) % respectively; the extraction rate was( 57. 47±5. 89) %. Nine peaks were identified in the HPLC fingerprint,and the similarity was higher than 0. 97 between the fingerprints of 15 batches of standard decoction and the control fingerprint. In this study,the preparation process of standard decoction of Scrophulariae Radix pieces conformed to the traditional decoction preparation method. The sources of the samples were representative,and the established fingerprint method was stable and feasible,which can provide reference for the preparation and quality control of Scrophulariae Radix dispensing granules.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; standards ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Scrophularia ; chemistry

The axon initial segment (AIS) is a highly specialized axonal compartment where the action potential is initiated. The heterogeneity of AISs has been suggested to occur between interneurons and pyramidal neurons (PyNs), which likely contributes to their unique spiking properties. However, whether the various characteristics of AISs can be linked to specific PyN subtypes remains unknown. Here, we report that in the prelimbic cortex (PL) of the mouse, two types of PyNs with axon projections either to the contralateral PL or to the ipsilateral basal lateral amygdala, possess distinct AIS properties reflected by morphology, ion channel expression, action potential initiation, and axo-axonic synaptic inputs from chandelier cells. Furthermore, projection-specific AIS diversity is more prominent in the superficial layer than in the deep layer. Thus, our study reveals the cortical layer- and axon projection-specific heterogeneity of PyN AISs, which may endow the spiking of various PyN types with exquisite modulation.
Mice ; Animals ; Axon Initial Segment ; Synapses/physiology* ; Pyramidal Cells/physiology* ; Cerebral Cortex ; Axons/physiology*

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological history, clinical manifestations, treatment and the short-term prognosis of 31 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV) infection in children from six provinces (autonomous region) in northern China. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, signs, laboratory examinations, chest imaging, treatment and the short-term prognosis of 31 cases of 2019-nCoV was conducted. The patients were diagnosed between January 25th, 2020 and February 21st, 2020 in 21 hospitals in 17 cities of six provinces(autonomous region) of Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Hebei, Henan and Shandong. Results: The age of the 31 children with 2019-nCoV infection was 7 years and 1 month (6 months -17 years). Nine cases (29%) were imported cases. Other 21 cases (68%) had contact with confirmed infected adults. One case (3%) had contact with asymptomatic returnees from Wuhan. Among the 31 children, 28 patients (90%) were family cluster cases. The clinical types were asymptomatic type in 4 cases (13%), mild type in 13 cases (42%), and common type in 14 cases (45%). No severe or critical type existed. The most common symptom was fever (n=20, 65%), including 1 case of high fever, 9 cases of moderate fever, 10 cases of low fever. Fever lasted from 1 day to 9 days. The fever of fifteen cases lasted for ≤3 d, while in other 5 cases lasted > 3 d. Other symptoms included cough (n=14, 45%), fatigue (n=3, 10%) and diarrhea (n=3, 9%). Pharyngalgia, runny nose, dizziness, headache and vomiting were rare. In the early stage, the total leukocytes count in peripheral blood decreased in 2 cases (6%), the lymphocytes count decreased in 2 cases (6%), and the platelet count increased in 2 cases (6%).Elevation of C-reactive protein (10%, 3/30), erythrocyte sedimentation rate(19%,4/21), procalcitonin(4%,1/28), liver enzyme(22%, 6/27) and muscle enzyme (15%, 4/27) occurred in different proportions. Renal function and blood glucose were normal. There were abnormal chest CT changes in 14 cases, including 9 cases with patchy ground glass opacities and nodules, mostly located in the lower lobe of both lungs near the pleural area. After receiving supportive treatment, the viral nucleic acid turned negative in 25 cases within 7-23 days. Among them, 24 children (77%) recovered and were discharged from hospital. No death occurred. Conclusions In this case series, 2019-nCoV infections in children from six provinces (autonomous region) in northern China are mainly caused by close family contact. Clinical types are asymptomatic, mild and common types. Clinical manifestations and laboratory examination results are nonspecific. Close contact history of epidemiology, nucleic acid detection and chest imaging are important bases for diagnosis. After general treatment, the short-term prognosis is good.