Objective To improve the traditional percutaneous cholecystolithotripsy in order to elevate the success rate and to discuss its indications. Methods With selfmade apparatus, we modified the open procedure which is otherwise impossible in removing the stones. We have followed 120 patients for 3 to 36 months to look into the recurrence of cholelithiasis. Results We have succeeded in 287 operations in a total of 291 (98 6%) cases. Among which 99 cases (34 5%) received modified open procedures, and the postoperative course was all uneventful. 120 patients were followed up postoperatively from 3 to 36 months and the stone recurrence rate was 13 3% (16 cases). Statistical analysis showed that the stone recurrence rate in patients with 3 stones and up, or poor gallbladder function was significantly higher than those with less than 3 stones and or good gallbladder function.Conclusions The percutaneous cholecystolithotripsy with improved procedures can effectively increase the success rate of operation. According to our result the indications should be restricted to those with less than 3 stones and or with good gallbladder functions.

Objective:Our aim is to investigate the relationship of VEGF-C,VEGF-D and lymph node metastasis in pancreatic cancer,and to elucidate the role and significance of the cancerous peripheral lymphatic tissue.Methods: The expression of VEGF-C and VEGF-D was assayed by means of immunohistochemistry in 30 pancreatic carcinomas.Results:The positive rates of VEGF-C、VEGF-D were 73% (22/30)、57% (17/30) respectively in pancreatic cancer.The expression of VEGF-C、 VEGF-D in cancerous invasive edge was significantly higher than that in the center of cancerous tissues.There was no correlation between the expression of VEGF-C、VEGF-Dand the site,differentiation,histology types.Ⅲ~Ⅳ stages of pancreatic cancer showed strong expressions of VEGF-C、VEGF-D than that Ⅰ~Ⅱ stages of pancreatic cancer.The positive lymph node in positive VEGF-C and VEGF-D group were higher than that in the negative group.Conclusion:VEGF-C and VEGF-D induced lymphangiogenisis in pancreatic cancer,promoted the tumor cell lymph metastasis.