BACKGROUNDAir pollution issue has become the largest problem of Ulaanbaatar city in the last decade affecting health and wellbeing of its citizens. Air pollution levels are increasing considerably in winter as a result of coal burning by city dwellers living in ger areas. Our study purpose was to survey the impact of air pollution on infant health of Ulaanbaatar city in 2012.METHODSData of 7484 on births at Khan-Uul and Sukhbaatar districts residence mothers and infants of Ulaanbaatar city from 2012 and corresponding daily air pollution level data (CO, NO2, SO2 and PM10) from the Ulaanbaatar city air quality monitoring stations were used.RESULTSAir pollution levels in Ulaanbaatar city significantly affect birth outcomes. Exposure to high levels of СО2 of during the third trimester of pregnancy reduces newborn’s weight. Exposure to NO2 is not influencing to newborn’s weight. Mothers who lived in more polluted area during pregnancy period more likely had baby reduced weight in 44 grams.

Background: Cervical cancer is the most common cancer in female reproductive system. Since introduction of diagnostic modalities like Pap-tests, the detection pre-cancerous cervical lesions CIN1, CIN2 and CIN3 have increased dramatically. Early detection of pre-cancerous lesions enables performance of organ sparing treatments like LEEP, conization and cryotherapy.Aim: Since there are no studies in the field of organ sparing treatment of cervical cancer, we decided analyze the results of such treatments and calculate the:1. Five year survival of patients underwent organ sparing surgical procedures2. Fertility and reproductive function of these patientsMethod: LEEP (n-63), knife conization (n-22) and trachelectomy (total removal of cervix) (n-15) was performed in women of reproductive age (25-35 years old) at National Cancer Center. The treatment results were followed for 5 years and statistical analysis of survival and reproductive function were analyzed.Results: 87.7% of patients with CINI lesions had LEEP, 12.3 % had knife conization and 0% had trachelectomy. 44.4% of patients with CINI lesions had LEEP, 55.6 % had knife conization and 0% had trachelectomies respectively. For CINIII 6.2% of patients had LEEP, 0% had knife conization and 93% had trachelectomy.We performed organ sparing treatment in 100 patients, out of which 10% had cancer recurrence in LEEP treatment, 9.1% in knife conization and 0% in trachelectomy. Complications of hemorrhage were observed in 14% of patients, cervical tube obstruction in 3% and deterioration of chronic inflammations in 13% respectively. After the organ sparing treatment, menstrual cycle was normal in 75% of the all patients, 65% reached pregnancy. 9.2% of patients who reached pregnancy had stillbirth, 12.3% had abortion, and 78.5% had normal delivery. 80.4% of patients with pregnancy had natural labors, while19.6% of patients had ceasarean sections respectively. Conclusion: in Mongolia, LEEP, knife conization and trachelectomy methods are used since 2000. But the treatment results were not reported so far. 10% of patients treated by LEEP and 9.1% of patients treated by knife conization had tumor recurrence. Thus our treatment efficiency is above 90%. Up to 20% of patients had complications ranging from bleeding to cervical tube obstruction. We conclude that organ sparing cancer treatment allows better QOL (quality of life) for the patients and provides opportunity to have children.

Introduction: The World Health Organization describes poor adherence as the most important cause of uncontrolled blood pressure and estimates that 50–70% of people do not take their antihypertensive medication as prescribed.Goal was to measure non-adherence to antihypertensive therapy in a representative sample of the hypertensive Mongolian population and to define the factors associated with non-adherence in the studied population.Materials and Methods:This descriptive study was a questionnaire-based cross sectional analysis. A simple random sample of 735 hypertensive patients, aged 35-64 years was selected. The questionnaire included sociodemographic characteristics and awareness about hypertension and anti-hypertensive treatment, and factors that encouraged or discouraged the patient’s drug taking behavior. Adherence was assessed using the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS), with a 4-item questionnaire. Blood pressure was measured twice by the physicians using aneroid sphygmomanometers and stethoscopes. Results and Discussion: The study sample consisted of 265 men (36.1%) and 470 women (63.9%). The mean age of participants was 53.8 ± 8.7 years. The non adherence to medical treatment found in the our study was 68.3% of hypertensive patients. We found younger age (35-44), low family income, not having a regular doctor towards hypertension control, behaviour not taking drug regularly, monotherapy and lack of patient’s knowledge to be the significantly factors influencing on non-adherence to anti-hypertensive medication among Mongolian hypertensive population. The non adherence to antihypertensive treatment found in the current study was higher than that of 25.9%-55.8% found in the study done in Malaysia, Pakistan and Egypt and lower than what a study in the Bangladesh , India and Brazil (74.2%-90.0%)population.Conclusion: The level of adherence to treatment among the participants in this study seriously needs to be improved through well designed health promotion and education strategies in order to prevent poor treatment outcomes.

Background According to the report of World Congress of Cardiology in 2007, 1.5 billion people had hypertension and 45% of hypertensive people were unaware of their condition. In our country, some study had provided estimation of risk factors and prevalence of hypertension, but main characteristics presenting the early detection and control of hypertension have not been studied well and information does not exist.The quality of the control, registration and early detection of hypertension will be improved by studying this topic and complications and mortality due to the hypertension could be decreased.GoalThe aim of our study is to evaluate the current situation of the early detection, registration and control of hypertension, and to describe future strategyObjectives:1. To describe the hypertension awareness and risk factors associated with early detection of hypertension2. To evaluate the current situation of registration system of hypertension and to find out the strategies for renewing registration system3. To investigate the rates of the treatment and control of hypertension, and to survey factors associated with the control of hypertensionMaterials and MethodIt was population based, cross sectional, prospective study. Participants of the study were selected by randomized method.In the study, 1103 individuals, 133 physicians and 2 family hospitals located in Bayanzurkh, Songinokhairkhan districts, were surveyed. The study based on questionnaire and BP measurement which aimed to reveal:• Hypertension awareness (%)• Treatment (%)• Control (%)Software program name: Arterial hypertension registration and control Objectives of the program: to evaluate registration of arterial hypertension, to detect earlier, to determine control level of hypertension Users: family hospitals, family doctorsType of morbidity registration: population basedStatistical analysis was performed with SPSS-17 software program. Single- and multi-factorial analysis was explored by using simple and logistic regression and significance.ResultsIn the study, in total, 1103 people aged of ≥18 years living in Bayanzurkh and Songinokharkhan districts of Ulaanbaatar, have been involved. 37% of all participants were male and 63% were female and mean age of all participants was 40.6±16.1. According to our study, 305 individuals of 431 hypertensive participants (70.8%) were aware of their hypertension. This result was different in gender: 58.0% in male, 79.0% in female. Our research team created software program that can integrate all hypertension data to one database. We are planning to determine unawereness; aware and treated; treated and controlled; and uncontrolled levels by using this software and to introduce the program created by us to all primary level physicians in order to use routinely.Conclusions:1. Among hypertensive individuals, awareness of hypertension was 70.8%. Factors such as young age (<35), single people and not measuring BP for the last one year influence negatively on early detection of hypertension (p<0.05).2. Current method of hypertension registration is not proper at the time. Therefore, we concluded that renewing of the arterial hypertension registration database and conversion it into electronic type is convenient to control arterial hypertension and to provide integration.3. Treatment level of arterial hypertension was 39.9%, controlled arterial hypertension among all hypertensive population - 10.2% and among treated population – 25.2%.

Аbstract Ischemic heart disease (IHD) remains one of the most important disorders associated with disability and mortality worldwide, and is one of the major causes of cardiovascular diseases in Mongolia. The objective of the current study was to determine the prevalence of IHD and its related factors in a general population in Mongolia.
We conducted a nationwide cross-sectional survey between March and September, 2009. General participants were recruited from urban to rural regions in a multistage random cluster sampling method. The diagnosis of IHD was based on the Rose questionnaire and electrocardiographic findings. A total of 369 (16.2%) subjects with IHD were diagnosed among 2280 participants. The prevalence of subjects with IHD was significantly increased by age: from 9.9% in individuals age 40-44 years compared to 17.7% in those over 60 years. Smoking habits (former and current) and non-frequent intake of fruits and vegetables were significantly positively associated with IHD in men, while heavy alcohol drinking habits and lower education period of time were significantly positively associated with IHD in women.
IHD was found to be prevalent, especially among people aged over 40 years, in Mongolia. Statistical factors related to IHD were found to be significantly different based on sex. The current data may provide relevant information to prevent IHD in the Mongolian population.