BACKGROUND: Present studies have proved that titanium coating nanotubes cannot only promote the biological activity of the material itself, but also be used as a drug carrier loading antibiotics and growth factors. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the antibacterial properties of vancomycin/hydroxyapatite/titanium dioxide nanotubes in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: The releasing property in vitro of vancomycin/hydroxyapatite/titanium dioxide nanotubes and vancomycin/titanium dioxide nanotubes were detected. And 1010/L Staphylococcus aureus dilution was put onto the commercial titanium, titanium dioxide nanotube and vancomycin/hydroxyapatite/titanium dioxide nanotube, respectively. Twenty-four hours later, the bacterial growth and activity was observed by scanning electron microscope and confocus scanning electron microscope, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Scanning electron microscope showed: the number of Staphylococcus aureus was the least on the vancomycin/hydroxyapatite/titanium dioxide nanotube, and the bacterial morphology was destroyed. Confocus scanning electron microscope observed: the number of bacteria and viable bacteria was the least on the vancomycin/hydroxyapatite/titanium dioxide nanotube, and the most on the commercial titanium. Besides, the releasing time of vancomycin from the hydroxyapatite/titaniumdioxide nanotube was up to 18 days, but the releasing time of vancomycin was only 4 hours from the titanium dioxide nanotube. In conclusion, the vancomycin/hydroxyapatite/titanium dioxide nanotube has good antibacterial property and slow-releasing performance.

BACKGROUND:In order to overcome the shortcomings of single materials, antibiotics-loaded hydroxyapatite/titanium composites have attracted people’s attentions.
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the biocompatibility of vancomycin/hydroxyapatite/titanium nanotubes.
METHODS:Mouse osteoblasts, MC-3T3-E1, were co-cultured with titanium (Cp-T), TiO2nanotubes, and vancomycin/hydroxyapatite/titanium nanotubes, respectively. Cel morphology and growth were observed after 1, 3 and 5 days of co-culture under inverted microscope and scanning electron microscope. The cel proliferation was detected by AO-EB method. The total protein, calcium and alkaline phosphatase levels were detected at 7 and 14 days of co-culture.
RESULTSAND CONCLUSION:The MC-3T3-E1 cels with good viability and morphology adhered wel on the surface of vancomycin/hydroxyapatite/titanium nanotubes compared with those on the surface of pure titanium and TiO2nanotubes under the scanning electron miscroscope. Moreover, there were a large amount of pseudopodia on the surface of composite nanotubes. Compared with the other two groups, the cel number on the surface and the levels of intracelular calcium and alkaline phosphatase were al higher in the vancomycin/hydroxyapatite/titanium nanotubes group. These findings suggest that the vancomycin/hydroxyapatite/titanium nanotubes have good biocompatibility and no cytotoxicity.

Objective To investigate the impairment and the effect factors of encoding of episodic memory in patients with cerebral infarction. Methods 112 cases cerebral infarction patients and 115 healthy elders as controls were tested for episodic memory encoding with episodic pictures accomplished in computer, and compare the differences of encoding of episodic memory between the two groups. Results The remember indexes ( REM )of encoding memory test in patient group was significantly lower than that in control group( (70.81 ± 6.08 )vs (84.67 ± 4.49), P ＜ 0.01 ). The REM in patients with different impaired areas was significantly different ( (65.88 ± 5.73 ), (68.92 ± 4.65 ), (73.39 ± 6.20), ( 73.53 ± 3.44), P ＜ 0. 01 ). The REM in frontal lobe infarction group was significantly lower than that in temporal lobe infarction group (P ＜ 0.05 ), and in temporal lobe infarction group was significantly lower than that in basal ganglia infarction group and corona radiate infarction group (P＜0.05, P＜0. 01). The REM in cortex infarction group was significantly lower than that in under cortex group ( ( 67.37 ± 5.40 ), ( 73.46 ± 4.99 ), P ＜ 0.01 ). The REM in small cerebral infarction group was significantly higher than that in large cerebral infarction group( (72.67 ±4.47 ), (67.56 ± 6.18 ), P＜0.01 ). The size of cerebral infarction diameter was related with the REM( r= -0.39, P＜0. 01 ). The REM among control group,infarction with atrophy group, and infarction without atrophy group were significantly different( (67.03 ± 6. 17 ),( 72.84 ± 5. 00 ), ( 84.67 ± 4.49 ), P ＜ 0. 01 ). The REM in infarction with atrophy group was significantly lower than that in infarction without atrophy group and control group( both P＜0.01 ) ,The REM in infarction without atrophy group was significantly lower than that in control group (P ＜ 0.01). Conclusion The encoding of episodic memory was impaired in cerebral infarction patients. The infarction parts,size of infarction area and atrophy was related with the impairment of encoding of episodic memory.

BACKGROUND: Both hydroxyapatite (HA) and large diameter TiO2 nanotubes have excellent biocompatibility, but bone-forming ability of nano-HA (nHA) deposited large diameter TiO2 nanotubes is rarely reported.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the bone-forming ability of nHA/large-diameter TiO2 nanotube composite coating.METHODS: Large-diameter TiO2 nanotubes were prepared by anodic oxidation method, and then nHA was electrochemically deposited on the surface of TiO2 nanotubes. Preosteoblasts MC3T3-E1 were co-cultured with the nHA/large diameter TiO2 nanotube composite, pure titanium and TiO2 nanotube coatings, respectively. At 0.5, 1, 2 hours after culture, the initial cell adhesion was observed. At 1, 3, 5 day after culture, cell proliferation was assessed. At 2 days after culture, cell morphology was observed. At 3 and 7 days after osteogenic induction, intracellular alkaline phosphatase activity was detected. At 14 days after osteogenic induction, mineralization of extracellular matrix was detected.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) After 2 hours of culture, the number of adherent cells on the composite coating was significantly lower than that on the TiO2 nanotube coating (P < 0.05), but slightly higher than that on the pure titanium coating with no statistical difference. (2) After 1, 3, 5 days of culture, the cell proliferation on the composite coating was significantly lower than that on the TiO2 nanotube coating (P < 0.05), but slightly higher than that on the pure titanium with no statistical difference. (3) The cells on the pure titanium showed a spindle-shape, while those on the TiO2 nanotube coating processed filopodia. The cells on the composite coating showed polygonal shape with a larger number of filopodia. (4) The intracellular alkaline phosphatase activity of the composite coating group was significantly higher than that of the pure titanium group and TiO2 nanotube group. The trend of mineralization of extracellular matrix was ranked from high to low: the composite coating group > TiO2 nanotube group > pure titanium group. To conclude, the nHA/large diameter TiO2 nanotube composite coating not only has good biocompatibility, but also has the ideal ability to promote bone formation.

Objective To determine the maximum tolerated dose ( MTD) and dose?limiting toxicity ( DLT) of weekly PTX and DDP concurrent postoperative radiotherapy in Chinese women with high?and intermediate?risk early cervical cancer. Methods Women with high risks postoperative cervical carcinoma, ECOG≤2 were eligible. Pelvis RT (6/10 MV X?ray,3DCRT 40 Gy/20f,para?metrial boost 10?20 Gy/5?10f) was followed by 2?4f brachytherapy applications ( 192 Ir,5 Gy/f) . Concurrent weekly chemotherapy was started at DDP 20 mg/m2 and PTX 10 mg/m2 weekly,and escalated in three?patient cohorts according to 3+3 methods. Results 25 patients were enrolled and treated over seven doses levels until dose?limiting toxicity (DLT) was reached. Median age was 48 years (range,34?66).All of patients finished RT in 7 weeks. Grade 3,4 non?hematologic toxicities were diarrhea and observed in two patients (4 cycles,DLT) at level 7.Grade 3,4 hematologic,principally leukopenia and neutropenia,and occurs late cycles. One grade 4 leukopenia and neutropenia was observed at dose level 6 but not seen in three additional patients. No one was delayed treatment time by concurrent chemotherapy.22 patients finished 6 cycles. Median follow?up is 59. 5 months. Three patients have died of cancer metastasis and recurrence. One patient has died of respiratory failure. Conclusions Combination PTX and DDP administered concurrently with pelvic EBRT can be safely administered at the MTD of DDP 35 mg/m2 and PTX 30 mg/m2 weekly for six cycles in Chinese women with postoperative cervical cancer.

BACKGROUND:Hydroxyapatite has excellent biocompatibility, but biocompatibility of nano-hydroxyapatite/TiO2 nanotube composites is rarely reported.
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the biocompatibility of nano-hydroxyapatite/TiO2 nanotube composites.
METHODS:First, the TiO2 nanotubes were fabricated on the surface of the titanium by anodic oxidation
technique. Second, the nano-hydroxyapatite/TiO2 nanotube composites were fabricated by electrodeposition technique. The surface morphology of the composites was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Mouse osteoblasts MC-3T3-E1 were co-cultured with the nano-hydroxyapatite/TiO2 nanotube composites, TiO2 nanotubes and titanium, and commercial y pure titanium to observe the celladhesion, proliferation and necrosis on scaffolds.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The morphology of the TiO2 nanotubes and nano-hydroxyapatite/TiO2 nanotube composites could be control ed by altering the conditions of the anodic oxidation and electrodeposition. Under the inverted microscope, after 3 days of co-culture with TiO2 nanotubes and nano-hydroxyapatite/TiO2 nanotube composites, MC-3T3-E1 cells proliferated wel with regular shape and arrangement that were superior to those on commercial y pure titanium. Under scanning electron microscope, the cellwere adhered and proliferated wel on the surface of the TiO2 nanotubes and nano-hydroxyapatite/TiO2 nanotube composites after 3 days. Apoptosis rate of the cells was significantly reduced on the surface of nano-hydroxyapatite/TiO2 nanotube composites (7.8%) compared with TiO2 nanotubes (9.4%) and commercial y pure titanium (13.5%), indicating nano-hydroxyapatite/TiO2 nanotube composites have good biocompatibility.

BACKGROUND:TiO2 nanotube array prepared by anodic oxidation is a nanomaterial having a perfect promising application at present.
OBJECTIVE:To review the research progress of TiO2 nanotube in clinic.
METHODS:The key words were TiO2 nanotubes, anodization, and biomaterials. We retrieved PubMed Database for articles concerning the clinical application of TiO2 nanotube published from January 2000 to June 2013. Repetitive and old studies were excluded, and 47 literatures were included for the review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The summarized results of the 47 literatures showed that TiO2 nanotube promoted the adhesion and proliferation of osteoblasts and mesenchymal stem cells including human. In vivo experiments verified that TiO2 nanotube could be used as a carrier to carry other drugs such as growth factor and antibiotics so as to promote the biocompatibility of the materials and to prevent bacterial adhesion. Results suggested that TiO2 nanotube contributed to the osseointegration of the material in vivo, and had a good biocompatibility.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and adverse effects of 125I seeds implantation for pelvic recurrence of cervical cancer (PRCC) after radiotherapy.Methods From July 2005 to October 2015,36 PRCC patients (median 44 years) after radiotherapy in Peking University Third Hospital were enrolled in this retrospective study.All patients underwent 125I seeds implantation under ultrasound or CT guidance.Treatment planning was performed before implantation to estimate the number and activity of 125I seeds.The seed numbers ranged from 10-140 (median:62.5),and the activity ranged from 18.5-29.6 (median:25.9) MBq.Postoperatively,the median dose delivered to 90％ gross tumor volume (D90) was 127.3 Gy.Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate local progress free survival (LPFS) rate and overall survival (OS) rate,and log rank test and Cox regression were used for univariate and multivariate analyses.Results The median follow-up time was 11.5 months.The local control rate was 88.89％(32/36).The 1-year LPFS rate was 34.9％ and the 1-year OS rate was 52.0％.Thirty-one patients died,of which 22 (70.97％,22/31) died from cancer.Univariate analysis showed that the location of recurrence (x2=5.195),volume of lesion (hazard ratio (HR)=1.012) and D90(HR=0.988) were significantly correlated with LPFS (all P＜0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that the location of the recurrence was significantly related with LPFS (HR =0.215,P＜0.05).The 1-year LPFS rates of pelvic wall recurrence and central recurrence were 41.6％ and 26.7％ (x2 =5.195,P＜0.05),and 1-year OS rates were 54.7％ and 49.5％ (x2 =2.535,P＞0.05),respectively.Vaginal fistula,which may be caused by the treatment,occurred in 1 case.No other sever adverse effects were observed.Conclusions 125I seeds implantation is a safe and effective treatment for PRCC after radiotherapy.With the treatment of 125I seeds implantation,patients with pelvic wall recurrence may achieve better therapeutic effects than those with central recurrence.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of image-guided radioactive 125I seed (IGRIS) implantation for pelvic recurrent cervical cancer (PRCC) after external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), and analyze the influence of clinical and dosimetric factors on efficacy. METHODS: From July 2005 to October 2015, 36 patients with PRCC received IGRIS. We evaluated local progression-free survival (LPFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS: The median follow up was 11.5 months. The 1- and 2-year LPFS rate was 34.9% and 20%, respectively. The multivariate analysis indicated recurrence site (central or pelvic wall) (hazard ratio [HR]=0.294; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.121–0.718), lesion volume (HR=2.898; 95% CI=1.139–7.372), D 90 (HR=0.332; 95% CI=0.130–0.850) were the independent factors affecting LPFS. The 1- and 2-year OS rate was 52.0% and 19.6%, respectively. The multivariate analysis suggested pathological type (HR=9.713; 95% CI=2.136–44.176) and recurrence site (HR=0.358; 95% CI=0.136–0.940) were the independent factors affecting OS. The dosimetric parameters of 33 patients mainly included D 90 (128.5±47.4 Gy), D 100 (50.4±23.7 Gy) and V 100 (86.7%±12.9%). When D 90 ≥105 Gy or D 100 ≥55 Gy or V 100 ≥91%, LPFS was extended significantly, but no significant difference for OS. The 79.2% of 24 patients with local pain were suffering from pain downgraded after radioactive 125I seed implantation. CONCLUSION: IGRIS implantation could be a safe and effective salvage treatment for PRCC after EBRT, which could markedly release the pain. Recurrence site, tumor volume and dose were the main factors affected efficacy. Compared with central recurrence, it was more suitable for patients with pelvic wall recurrent cervical cancer after EBRT.
Brachytherapy ; Disease-Free Survival ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Multivariate Analysis ; Radiometry ; Radiotherapy* ; Radiotherapy, Image-Guided ; Recurrence ; Salvage Therapy* ; Tumor Burden ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

OBJECTIVETo cultivate hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (CD34(+)CD38(-)) isolated from umbilical cord blood (UCB) long for the observation of cell growth and expansion in vitro, surface marker expression, and chromosomal complements.

METHODSBy flow cytometry CD34-FITC and CD38-PE labeled CD34(+) and CD38(-) stem/progenitor cells were isolated from UCB. The cells were cultivated in vitro for 6 months in a stem cell culture system with addition of six kinds of cell growth factors (IL-3, IL-6, GM-CSF, Epo, SCF, IGF-1). One month after cultivation, cultured cells were investigated for surface marker expression by flow cytometry and karyotype by G banding method.

RESULTSAfter 7-12 days cultivation, the CD34(+)CD38(-) stem/progenitor cells began proliferation. The proliferation rate and the peak proliferation duration were greater in 1 cell/well cultivation conditions than in 10 cells/well. The cells remained CD34(+)CD38(-) and their karyotypic characteristics remained unchanged.

CONCLUSIONCD34(+)CD38(-) stem/progenitor cells from UCB may provide a larger than original amount of stem/progenitor cells for transplantation after long-term cultivation in vitro.

ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1 ; immunology ; Adult ; Antigens, CD34 ; immunology ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; Fetal Blood ; cytology ; immunology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; cytology ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Karyotyping