Objective To discuss the relevance between vitreopapillary traction (VPT) and anterior ischemic optic neu?ropathy (AION). Methods Two patients suffering from AION were underwent routine ophthalmic examination, and visual field (VF), fundus fluorescence angiography (FFA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination. The images were analyzed. Results VPT syndrome was observed by OCT in both cases. In addition, the affected parts of VPT were consis?tent to that of AION. Conclusion Vitreopapillary traction is a possible reason of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy.

Purpose: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a relatively common malignancy of the urinary tract. Over the past few decades, methodologies for diagnosing and managing patients with RCC have shown various developmental stages. This study was designed to provide insights into RCC research trends over that period. Materials and Methods: To understand RCC research trends over the past 30 years, we conducted a bibliometric analysis, an appropriate method for evaluating scholarly output. Data were acquired by searching the Web of Science for articles published between 1991 and 2020. Bibliometric analysis and VOSviewer were used to visualize and statistically analyze the research trends. Results: A total of 18,172 articles were identified. The most productive country was the United States (n=4,461, 26.5%), followed by China (n=3,503, 19.9%), and Japan (n=1,950, 11.9%). During keyword analysis, 3 clusters were identified, relating to gene expression, surgical outcomes, and immunotherapy. Over the last 10 years, research has mostly focused on emerging immunotherapy-related drugs. Conclusions Our bibliometric analysis has explained the characteristics of RCC research trends over the past 30 years.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the burn characteristics of female patients hospitalized in a burn center. METHODS: This is a retrospective descriptive study. The subjects were 222 female patients aged over 19 years old having burn injuries from work sites between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2014. Data were collected using electronic medical records about the burn-related characteristics. The data were analyzed descriptively. RESULTS: Many of the subjects were in their forties and fifties. Most subjects showed burns with an area of less than 10% of the body surface with a severity of second degree. Scalding burns were the most frequent. Contact burns were usually of third-degree severity and occurred on hands and wrists. Flame burns affected the largest body surface area and frequently occurred on the face and mainly caused by explosion of a stove or kitchen gas. Chemical burns frequently occurred on the lower limbs. CONCLUSION: Female workers are exposed to the hazards of burn injuries in industrial accidents. Types of burn differ depending on the workplace conditions. Therefore, preventative measures for burn injuries should be established in accordance with the characteristics of each industry to which female workers belong.
Accidents, Occupational ; Body Surface Area ; Burn Units ; Burns* ; Burns, Chemical ; Electronic Health Records ; Explosions ; Female* ; Hand ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Retrospective Studies ; Wrist

PURPOSE: The purpose of this review was to identify the current status of nursing studies on heart failure (HF) patients in South Korea and to suggest future study direction. METHODS: A literature review of databases such as KoreaMed, KERIS and nursing and allied health journal were searched with key terms ‘heart failure’ and ‘nursing’ for the period from January 2000 to February 2017. A total of 35 studies including 28 articles and 7 theses met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS: Twenty-seven out of 35 studies were observational studies on outpatients and most of the studies did not mention the ejection fraction and New York Heart Association functional classification class (NYHA class) in the inclusion criteria. Self-care and health-related quality of life as psychological factors, and physical activity as a biological factor, were used as main variables. However, we found it difficult to understand how much score indicates better quality of life because of an inconsistent and wide score. In quality assessment, 8 intervention studies had no serious flaws. CONCLUSION: Further studies should consider more biological and social factors influencing HF. The quality assessment with respect to nursing intervention studies in HF showed that randomized and double-blind trials are needed.
Biological Factors ; Classification ; Heart Failure* ; Heart* ; Humans ; Korea* ; Motor Activity ; Nursing* ; Outpatients ; Psychology ; Quality of Life ; Self Care

The ancient bone DNA analysis essentially requires PCR amplification of the targeting genes of study due to the limitation of the ancient bone sample and DNA amounts. In contrast to the fresh living human DNA, it is common to face failing in amplifying the poorly preserved ancient DNA after death. Therefore, the optimized PCR methods appropriate for ancient DNA are required. However, there is no report to date that a systemic investigation of enhanced PCR amplification methods suitable for ancient samples has been conducted Approximately 500~3,300-year-old Korean and Mongolian ancient bones that are resistant to PCR were selected and an extensive number of PCR conditions were systematically investigated for the comparison of PCR success rates. For the PCR analysis, a mitochondrial DNA fragment as a multicopy DNA and a M175 Y chromosome biallelic marker DNA fragment as a single copy DNA that is the marker of the prevalent Y haplogroup (haplogroup O) in Korea were targeted. The identity of the amplified products were confirmed by DNA sequencing. Through this study, we established the optimized PCR conditions for the highly successful amplification of ancient bone DNAs. This estabilished method allowed for the successful amplification of mitochondrial DNAs from all the ancient bone samples tested and the amplification by 50% success rates in the amplification of M175 Y chromosome biallelic marker DNA but with the highest success rates. These results demonstrate that the optimized PCR condition will be useful for the promising ancient DNA analysis in the fields of molecular genetic anthropological studies.
Coat Protein Complex I ; DNA ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; Humans ; Korea ; Mitochondria ; Molecular Biology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Y Chromosome

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to conduct a grounded theoretical analysis on the hospital accreditation experience of head nurses in order to understand their behavior on the adaption of this new system. METHODS: The participants were 8 head nurses with more than 3 years of experience. The data were collected through in-depth interviews using audiotape recording analyzed by the constant comparative method described in Strauss and Corbin's methodology. RESULTS: There were 113 concepts, 26 subcategories and 12 categories identified through the open coding process. In the axial coding, the following paradigm model was proposed: 1) the causal conditions were ‘hardware problem’ and ‘software problem’, 2) the contextual conditions were ‘vertical relationship’, ‘individual preference’, and ‘family support’, 3) the intervening conditions were ‘passive conditions’ and ‘active conditions’, 4) the action/interaction strategies were ‘leading role’ and ‘dependent role’, 5) the consequences were ‘positive acceptance’ and ‘negative acceptance’, 6) the central phenomenon was ‘difficult situation’ and 7) the core category was ‘leading in harmony’. CONCLUSION: The new system led head nurses having difficulties as the middleman between the hospital administration and general nurses, but they made a continuous effort to overcome and adapt to it through a number of strategies.
Accreditation* ; Clinical Coding ; Grounded Theory ; Head* ; Hospital Administration ; Hospitals, General* ; Methods ; Nursing, Supervisory* ; Tape Recording

PURPOSE: A prospective randomized controlled trial was performed to investigate the effects of intravenous hydration, both with and without diuretics, on the fragmentation and passage of an upper ureteral stone during ESWL. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed 65 patients with upper ureteral stones, primarily treated with piezoelectric LT-02 lithotripter, between November, 2001 and March, 2002. The patients were divided in 3 groups; the 20 patients in group A were injected with 500ml of normal saline for intravenous hydration, and 20mg of furosemide for diuretic effect during the ESWL; the 20 patients in group B were injected with normal saline without furosemide, and the remaining 25, group C, were used as controls. The same energy settings for the shockwaves in one session were equally applied to all the patients during the ESWL, with a 4Hz shockwave frequency, 100% power, a 50 minute treatment and 43 minute storage time. After 2 weeks, the degrees of stone fragmentation, and the residual fragments, were evaluated on the post-ESWL KUB and compared with the pre-ESWL KUB. RESULTS: After a single ESWL treatment, the stone-free rate was 70% (14 of 20 patients) in group A, 60% (12 of 20 patients) in group B and 28% (7 of 25 patients) in group C (p<0.05). The stone-free rates of groups A and B were significantly higher than that of group C, but there was no statistical difference between groups A and B. The stone-free rates, after a single session, according to the stone size was higher in groups A (77.8%) and B (73.3%) than in group C (38.9%) for stones smaller than 10mm (p<0.05), but they were similar between the three groups for stones larger than 10mm (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous hydration with normal saline, both with and without a furosemide injection for diuretic effect, during ESWL would be an effective method to facilitate the fragmentation and passage of upper ureteral stones smaller than 10mm.
Diuretics* ; Furosemide ; Humans ; Lithotripsy* ; Prospective Studies ; Shock* ; Ureter* ; Ureteral Calculi

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate factors that influence married female immigrants' perceived health status. METHODS: This study was a retrospective review of dataset from the 2012 National Multicultural Family Survey in Korea. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, an analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple regression with the data of 3,014 married female immigrants. RESULTS: Multiple regression analysis showed that demographic factors (age, education level, nationality, period of residency in Korea, and residential area), socio-economical factors (monthly family income, employment, support from the government for basic living, and Medicaid), social support factors (marital conflict, satisfaction with family relationships, some one to talk about self or family matters, meeting with homeland friend, and participation in community meeting), and immigration factors (life satisfaction, experience of social discrimination, and difficulties with living and using medical care) were associated with perceived health status. CONCLUSION: It is important to pay closer attention to immigrant women who have low economic status, less social support, experience difficulties with living in Korea and using medical care. An effective support system for this population should be developed in order to help them successfully transition.
Dataset ; Demography ; Education ; Emigrants and Immigrants* ; Emigration and Immigration ; Employment ; Ethnic Groups ; Family Relations ; Female ; Friends ; Humans ; Internship and Residency ; Korea ; Retrospective Studies ; Social Discrimination

This study evaluated the anti-asthmatic activities of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxymethylphenol (DBHP) that is a potent phenolic antioxidant in edible vegetable oil. The effects of DBHP on bronchial asthma were evaluated by determining the specific airway resistance (sRaw) and tidal volume (TV) during the immediate asthmatic response (IAR) and the late-phase asthmatic response (LAR) in guinea pigs with aerosolized ovalbumin-induced asthma. Recruitment of leukocytes and the levels of biochemical inflammatory mediators were determined in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALFs), and histopathological surveys performed in lung tissues. DBHP significantly inhibited the increased sRaw and improved the decreased TV on IAR and LAR, and also inhibited recruitment of eosinophils and neutrophils into the lung, and release of biochemical inflammatory mediators such as histamine and phospholipase A₂ from these infiltrated leukocytes, and improved pathological changes. However, anti-asthmatic activities of DBHP at oral doses of 12.5 to 50 mg/kg was less than those of dexamethasone (5 mg/kg, p.o.) and cromoglycate (10 mg/kg, p.o.), but more potent or similar to that of salbutamol (5 mg/kg, p.o.). These results in the present study suggest that anti-asthmatic effects of DBHP in the guinea pigs model of OVA-induced asthmatic responses principally are mediated by inhibiting the recruitments of the leukocytes and the release of biochemical inflammatory mediators from these infiltrated leukocytes.
Airway Resistance ; Albuterol ; Animals ; Asthma ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; Cromolyn Sodium ; Dexamethasone ; Eosinophils ; Guinea Pigs* ; Guinea* ; Histamine ; Leukocytes ; Lung ; Neutrophils ; Ovalbumin* ; Phenol ; Phospholipases ; Tidal Volume ; Vegetables

BACKGOUND: Mass casualties from organophosphorus inhalation die from respiratory depression. Gas supplies and equipment are limited for mechanical ventilation of multiple subjects in emergency situation. Endobronchial insufflation of air (EIA) can be simply performed with air compressor and catheter. The author tried to examine the usefulness of EIA in five apneic dogs induced by tetrodotoxin (TTX) infusion. METHOD: Five anesthetized dogs were intubated with endotracheal tube and endobronchial insufflation catheter and instrumented with arterial catheter and ventilated with controlled mechanical ventilation (CMV) while 12 microgram/kg TTX was infused intravenous over 90 minutes to produce apnea. EIA of 1 microliter/kg/min was delivered through a 35 cm long, 0.8 cm ID catheter with a forked end placed astride the carina. During conventional ventilation, arterial blood gases and pH were measured (base line, BL). The data were measured after confirmation of apnea for 1 minute (time=0, control value), and then measured serially for 4 hours of EIA. RESULT: All animals survived and were alert and neurologically normal within 24 hours. The changes of arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) were no significant difference between control value and 10, 20, 30 minute (p<0.05), and arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) were significant increase in control value compared to base line (p<0.05), and pH were no significant difference in all values (p<0.05). Spontaneous respiratory efforts slowly returned after 45 minute of EIA and resulted in the improvement of gas exchange. CONCLUSION: EIA recognized as a sort of ventilatory technique is useful only when other equipments could not be available. The EIA catheter can be placed by cricothyroidotomy. EIA is very helpful in supporting ventilation, and it also helps the apneic dogs stay in normal condition.
Animals ; Apnea ; Carbon Dioxide ; Catheters ; Dogs* ; Emergencies ; Equipment and Supplies ; Gases ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Inhalation ; Insufflation* ; Mass Casualty Incidents ; Oxygen ; Respiration, Artificial ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Tetrodotoxin ; Ventilation*