There are various causes of neonatal anemia, such as acute or chronic hemorrhage, ordinary hemolysis in combining with increasing of free bilirubin, decrease of erythropoiesis. Neonatal loss of blood can be seen prenatally, at birth or prosnatally. The diagnosis of neonatal anemia can be based on clinic observations or on some important examination such as Cooms test, reticulocyte, red blood cell mean volume. The management comprises of overcoming the causes heating anemia
Anemia ; blood ; Anemia, Neonatal

Hemolysis anemia in neonate is always combined with the increase of blood free bilirubine. Therefore, almost cases of neonatal hemolysis anemia were diagnosed succesfully when neonatal jaundice was detected early, just a week after birth. The condition can be divided into two group: hemolysis due to congenital pathology of red blood cell and hemolysis acquired from outwards. Congenital hemolysis can lead to early anemia in neonate. The diagnosis of neonatal anemia can be based on some examinations such as Coombs test, reticulocyte or red cell mean volume, morpholosy of red cell, which can lead to find the cause of anemia
Anemia ; Hemolysis ; Blood Cells ; Anemia, Neonatal

No abstract available.
Anemia, Neonatal* ; Fetal Blood* ; Infant, Newborn

Fetomaternal hemorrhage is very common and the commonest cause of anernia in the newborn. But, few blood cells enter the maternal circulation in most pregnancies. Occasionally large intrauterine bleeding results in severe fetal and neonatal anemia, shock, and rarely death. To identify the fetal blood in the maternal circu1ation, acid elution technique of Kleihauer-Betke test is usually used. And imrnedate neonatal blood transfusion should be done for good prognosis. We report a case of massive feto-maternal hemorrhage (>100 ml) in a preterm neonate with severe anemia at birth, which was diagnosed by Kleihauer-Betke test and was treated with blood transfusion.
Anemia ; Anemia, Neonatal ; Blood Cells ; Blood Transfusion ; Female ; Fetal Blood ; Fetomaternal Transfusion ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Prognosis ; Shock

Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) is a rare congenital disorder and is essentially a disorder of capillary, venous, and lymphatic malformations. Hematochezia is the most common symptom associated with intestinal hemangiomatosis and remains one of the life-threatening emergencies in KTS. We reported one patient of KTS presented with rectal bleeding and severe anemia who was successfully managed by sphincter-saving operation.
Anemia ; Capillaries ; Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities ; Emergencies ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome

BACKGROUND: The direct/total (d/t) bilirubin ratio can be used to distinguish the causes of jaundice in many patients who have increased levels of direct and indirect bilirubin. However, the reference range of the d/t ratio has not been established, hindering its clinical usefulness. This study assessed the clinical usefulness of the d/t ratio. METHODS: Paired total bilirubin and direct bilirubin tests (N=4,357) of cholestasis, hemolytic anemia, and neonatal jaundice were evaluated. Regression analyses were performed between total bilirubin and direct bilirubin, and between total bilirubin and the d/t ratio for each disease. Theoretical correlation models were established and used to compare the regression analyses data. RESULTS: The theoretical model and regression equation between total bilirubin and direct bilirubin displayed linear correlations for all three cholestatic diseases. The model and regression equation between total bilirubin and the d/t ratio showed reciprocal curve correlations for the cholestatic diseases. When the total bilirubin concentration exceeded approximately 10 mg/dL, the rate of change of the d/t ratio decreased and converged to a constant value between 0.7 and 0.9. CONCLUSIONS: If the total bilirubin concentration exceeds 10 mg/dL, cholestatic diseases can be diagnosed if the d/t ratio is more than 0.7. However, if the total bilirubin concentration is lower than 10 mg/dL, cholestatic diseases should be considered even if the d/t ratio is lower than 0.7. Therefore, use of the d/t ratio with total bilirubin could prove to be valuable in clinical settings.
Anemia, Hemolytic ; Bilirubin* ; Cholestasis ; Humans ; Hyperbilirubinemia ; Infant, Newborn ; Jaundice ; Jaundice, Neonatal ; Models, Theoretical ; Reference Values

Our purpose was to evaluate the clinical significance of large (>5cm) placental chorioangioma. Obstetrical and neonatal records which were confirmed chorioangioma in pathology and greater than 5 cm in diameter, were reviewed retrospectively from April. 1, 1991, to March. 31, 1996. 11 cases of placental chorioangioma greater than 5 cm were diagnosed prenatally by ultrasonography except one. I'hey were associated with maternal or fetal complications-6 cases of polyhydramnios, 2 cases of PIH, 1 case of neonatal anemia, 2 cases of preterm birth, 2 cases of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, 1 case of cardiomegaly, 1 case of IUGR and 1 case of oligohydramnios. Nevertheless, there were not remarkable neonatal morbidity and mortality. These uncommon large tumors were often associated with maternal or fetal complications. But, we could get good neonatal outcome through thorough antenatal surveillance.
Anemia, Neonatal ; Cardiomegaly ; Female ; Fetal Growth Retardation ; Hemangioma* ; Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal ; Infant, Newborn ; Mortality ; Oligohydramnios ; Pathology ; Polyhydramnios ; Pregnancy ; Premature Birth ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography

Massive fetomaternal hemorrhage is major cause of neonatal anemia. And neonatal anemia is fatal disease of high mortality rate. Massive fetomaternal hemorrhage is defined as hemorrhage of fetal blood above 150 mL in the maternal circulation. Massive fetomaternal hemorrhage is infrequent but represents a fatal cause of perinatal death. To identify fetal blood in the maternal circulation, Kleihauer-Betke test or flow cytometry has been usually used. But recently HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) is used in the detection and quantification of fetomaternal transfusion. In fetomaternal transfusion, anemic newborn must be treated when circulatory failure is present. Circulatory failure often necessitates blood transfusion. We report two cases of severe anemia due to massive fetomaternal hemorrhage in full term baby. Each case was diagnosed by high performance lipuid chromatography and treated with exchange transfusion in order to avoid fluid overload and subsequent heart failure.
Anemia ; Anemia, Neonatal ; Blood Transfusion ; Chromatography ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Female ; Fetal Blood ; Fetomaternal Transfusion ; Flow Cytometry ; Heart Failure ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Pregnancy ; Shock

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most common enzyme disorder. There are more than 400 million people worldwide with G6PD deficiency, and its distribution is similar to that of malaria. G6PD deficiency is an X-linked recessive disorder. Most patients with G6PD deficiency may be asymptomatic throughout their lives. They may present as neonatal jaundice, or acute and chronic hemolysis. The most important point in the management of G6PD deficiency is to avoid oxidative stress. The prevalence of G6PD deficiency in Korea is about 0.9%. However, a nationwide survey has revealed that the number of patients with enzymopathy is increasing. Immigration of different ethnicities into Korea, and the rise of interracial marriages will likely lead to an increase in the number of patients with G6PD deficiency.
Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital ; Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital Nonspherocytic ; Emigration and Immigration ; Favism ; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase ; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency ; Hemolysis ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Jaundice, Neonatal ; Korea ; Malaria ; Marriage ; Oxidative Stress ; Prevalence ; Splenectomy

The most devastating clinical consequence of G-6-PD deficiency is neonatal hyperbilirubinemia which can be severe and result in kernicterus or even death, although glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency is responsible for two clinical syndromes, an episodic hemolytic anemia induced by infections or certain drugs and spontaneous chronic nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia. In the pathogenesis of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia associated with G-6-PD deficiency, decreased elimination of bilirubin has been suspected to be a key factor, because these neonates usually do not develop frank anemia even in the presence of severe hyperbilirubinemia. But, we experienced a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient male patient who showed jaundice and severe hemolytic anemia appearing within the first 24 hour of life. The patient had resolution of symptoms after phototherapy and transfusion. We report this case with a brief review of the related literatures.
Anemia ; Anemia, Hemolytic* ; Bilirubin ; Glucose-6-Phosphate* ; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency* ; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase* ; Humans ; Hyperbilirubinemia ; Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal ; Infant, Newborn ; Jaundice* ; Kernicterus ; Male ; Phototherapy