Burkitt Lymphoma ; classification ; genetics ; therapy ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell ; classification ; genetics ; therapy ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; classification ; genetics ; therapy ; Lymphoma, Follicular ; classification ; genetics ; therapy ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; classification ; genetics ; therapy ; Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell ; classification ; genetics ; therapy ; Prognosis

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Micro ribonucleic acid-150-5p (miR-150-5p) regulates proinflammatory cytokines as well as vessel integrity. We evaluated the incremental prognostic value of logarithm (log) of miR-150-5p plasma levels after ischemic stroke. METHODS: In a prospective cohort study, levels of miR-150-5p were measured within 72 hours of symptom onset in 329 ischemic stroke patients. The outcome measures were unfavorable functional outcome (assessed by the modified Rankin Scale score >2) and mortality within 90 days. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to estimate odds ratio (OR), respectively hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association between log-miR-150-5p and the outcome measures. The discriminatory accuracy was assessed with the area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve (AUC) and the incremental prognostic value was estimated with the net reclassification index. RESULTS: After adjusting for demographic and vascular risk factors, lower log-miR-150-5p levels were independently associated with mortality (HR 0.21 [95% CI, 0.08–0.51], P=0.001) but not functional outcome (OR 1.10 [95% CI, 0.54–2.25], P=0.79). Adding log-miR-150-5p improved the discriminatory accuracy of the best multivariate model to predict mortality from an AUC of 0.91 (95% CI, 0.88–0.95) to 0.92 (95% CI, 0.88–0.96 Likelihood-ratio test-P < 0.001), and resulted in a net reclassification index of 37.3% (95% CI, 0.28–0.52). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with ischemic stroke, log-miR-150-5p is a novel prognostic biomarker, highly associated with mortality within 90 days, improving risk classification beyond traditional risk factors.
Area Under Curve ; Biomarkers ; Classification* ; Cohort Studies ; Cytokines ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; MicroRNAs* ; Mortality* ; Odds Ratio ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Plasma ; Prognosis ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Stroke*

It is estimated that in 2010, 1 in every 250 adults will be a childhood cancer survivor. Today, oncological surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy achieve relatively high rates of remission and long-term survival, yet are often detrimental to fertility. Quality of life is increasingly important to long-term survivors of cancer, and one of the major quality-of-life issues is the ability to produce and raise normal children. Developments in the near future in the emerging field of fertility preservation in cancer survivors promise to be very exciting. This article reviews the published literature, discusses the effects of cancer treatment on fertility and presents the options available today thanks to advances in assisted-reproduction technology for maintaining fertility in male and female patients undergoing this type of treatment. The various diagnostic methods of assessing the fertility potential and the efficacy of in vitro fertilization (IVF) after cancer treatment are also presented.
Adult ; Child ; Female ; Fertility ; Humans ; Infertility ; prevention & control ; Male ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; pathology ; Ovary ; pathology ; Survivors ; Testicular Neoplasms ; pathology ; Testis ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo detect the clonal relationship, the rearrangement, and the mutational status of IgVH gene; the influence of these molecular characteristics on the clinical outcome in Hodgkin variant of Richter syndrome; and the possible molecular pathogenesis in this transformation.

METHODSThe clonal rearrangements and mutational status of IgVH genes were analyzed in Hodgkin variant of Richter syndrome and B-CLL with Reed-Stemberg (R-S)-like cells by GeneScan analysis and sequencing. Semi-nest PCR based on laser capture microdissection was utilized to compare the clonal relationship between B-CLL and R-S/R-Slike cells. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the different expressions of ZAP70, p53, IRF-4 and LMP1 in the two components.

RESULTS(1) 5/6 B-CLL cases transformed to Hodgkin lymphoma (HL)/R-S-like cells carried the mutated IgVH genes; (2) 2 cases of R-S cells and 1 case of R-S-like cells were clonally distinct from B-CLL clone and express LMP1, whereas 1 case of R-S-like cells was relating to the surrounding B-CLL cells and did not express LMP1; (3) 2/6 B-CLL cases transformed to HL convey VH4-34 and VH3-48 respectively.

CONCLUSIONS(1) Richter transformation to HL/R-S-like cells evolves from the B-CLL which originates from the germinal center or post germinal center B cells, indicating that different lymphoma cells of different subtypes in Richter syndrome come from different B cell lineage and possibly involve a different pathogenesis and pathway; (2) HL and R-S-like cells evolve from either the B-CLL clone or may develop as a clonally unrelated lymphoma, the independent secondary malignancies are appear to be EBV-positive, possibly as a consequence of the underlying immunodeficiency; (3) The biased usage of IgVH genes suggested a role of antigens involved in the HL variant of Richter syndrome.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Clone Cells ; pathology ; Female ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Hodgkin Disease ; classification ; genetics ; pathology ; virology ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Variable Region ; genetics ; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell ; genetics ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Reed-Sternberg Cells ; pathology ; Syndrome

OBJECTIVETo study the clonal rearrangements and mutation status of IgVH genes in classic Richter's syndrome, the relationship between molecular findings of IgVH gene and clinical outcome, and to deciper the possible molecular mechanism of transformation.

METHODSThe clonal rearrangements and mutation status of IgVH genes were analyzed in cases of classic Richter's syndrome by Genescan and sequencing. Immunohistochemical study for zeta-chain associated protein kinase 70 kDa (ZAP70), p53 and interferon regulation factor 4 (IRF-4) was also performed.

RESULTSSamples of 18 cases of B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL)/ diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL,78. 3%) had identical tumor cell clones, whereas DLBCL developed as a clonally independent neoplasm in 5 patients (21.7%). Among the clonally related group, 12 cases carried unmutated VH genes in both B-CLL and DLBCL components and VH3-23, VH3-74 and VH1-2 were accounted for the B-CLL transformation to DLBCL. Immunohistochemical study showed that the transformed DLBCL expressed CD5 in 32.1% of cases, CD23 in 14.3%, ZAP70 in 23.8%, p53 in 80.6% and IRF-4 in 82.6% of the cases respectively. Follow-up data were available in 17 patients with classic Richter's syndrome. The median survival period was 7 months. No significant difference in survival rate was obtained between the clonally related or unrelated groups, between IgVH gene mutated or unmutated groups, and between the groups with or without expression of ZAP70, p53 and IRF-4.

CONCLUSIONSThe ratio of clonally related transformed DLBCL from B-CLL to clonally unrelated DLBCL is 2:1. Clonal transformation to DLBCL predominantly occurs in B-CLL patients carrying unmutated IgVH genes. The biased IgVH gene usage suggests antigens are involved in classic Richter's syndrome. Molecular differences of IgVH genes and very poor clinical outcome of this group of transformed DLBCL indicate that there cases may be regarded as a distinct subset of DLBCL.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; B-Lymphocytes ; pathology ; Genes, p53 ; genetics ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains ; genetics ; Immunoglobulin Variable Region ; genetics ; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell ; genetics ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; genetics ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Somatic Hypermutation, Immunoglobulin ; genetics ; ZAP-70 Protein-Tyrosine Kinase ; genetics

The implantation of bioengineered scaffolds into lesion-induced gaps of the spinal cord is a promising strategy for promoting functional tissue repair because it can be combined with other intervention strategies. Our previous investigations showed that functional improvement following the implantation of a longitudinally microstructured collagen scaffold into unilateral mid-cervical spinal cord resection injuries of adult Lewis rats was associated with only poor axon regeneration within the scaffold. In an attempt to improve graft-host integration as well as functional recovery, scaffolds were seeded with highly enriched populations of syngeneic, olfactory bulb-derived ensheathing cells (OECs) prior to implantation into the same lesion model. Regenerating neurofilament-positive axons closely followed the trajectory of the donor OECs, as well as that of the migrating host cells within the scaffold. However, there was only a trend for increased numbers of regenerating axons above that supported by non-seeded scaffolds or in the untreated lesions. Nonetheless, significant functional recovery in skilled forelimb motor function was observed following the implantation of both seeded and non-seeded scaffolds which could not be correlated to the extent of axon regeneration within the scaffold. Mechanisms other than simple bridging of axon regeneration across the lesion must be responsible for the improved motor function.
Adult ; Animals ; Axons* ; Collagen ; Forelimb ; Humans ; Rats ; Regeneration* ; Spinal Cord Injuries* ; Spinal Cord* ; Tissue Donors

Background: and Purpose Knowledge about different etiologies of non-traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and their outcomes is scarce. Methods: We assessed prevalence of pre-specified ICH etiologies and their association with outcomes in consecutive ICH patients enrolled in the prospective Swiss Stroke Registry (2014 to 2019). Results We included 2,650 patients (mean±standard deviation age 72±14 years, 46.5% female, median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale 8 [interquartile range, 3 to 15]). Etiology was as follows: hypertension, 1,238 (46.7%); unknown, 566 (21.4%); antithrombotic therapy, 227 (8.6%); cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), 217 (8.2%); macrovascular cause, 128 (4.8%); other determined etiology, 274 patients (10.3%). At 3 months, 880 patients (33.2%) were functionally independent and 664 had died (25.1%). ICH due to hypertension had a higher odds of functional independence (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00 to 1.77; P=0.05) and lower mortality (aOR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.86; P=0.003). ICH due to antithrombotic therapy had higher mortality (aOR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.01 to 2.61; P=0.045). Within 3 months, 4.2% of patients had cerebrovascular events. The rate of ischemic stroke was higher than that of recurrent ICH in all etiologies but CAA and unknown etiology. CAA had high odds of recurrent ICH (aOR, 3.38; 95% CI, 1.48 to 7.69; P=0.004) while the odds was lower in ICH due to hypertension (aOR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.19 to 0.93; P=0.031). Conclusions Although hypertension is the leading etiology of ICH, other etiologies are frequent. One-third of ICH patients are functionally independent at 3 months. Except for patients with presumed CAA, the risk of ischemic stroke within 3 months of ICH was higher than the risk of recurrent hemorrhage.

Objective: The study protocolaims to provide an overview of the current practice of screening and treatment of ROP in the selected, to estimate the proportion of childhood blindness due to ROP and assess the number of premature babies at risk for ROP. Methods: The study protocol is a descriptive, cross sectional study design using survey questionnaire to be sent out to pediatric ophthalmologists, vitreo-retina specialists and division heads of the neonatal intensive care units of different hospitals in a selected area. Student records and medical abstracts from local schools for the blind will be obtained and will be reviewed. All qualitative data will be reported by frequency distribution and percentages. Extrapolation on the proportion of ROP in the area will be done. Conclusion Results from the study can show an overview of the current situation of ROP in a selected area and provide the framework for recommendations for programs aimed providing criteria for timely screening and treatment of ROP to prevent complications such as childhood visual impairment and blindness in the country.
Retinopathy of Prematurity ;